BIOTECHNOLOGY

Mariela Ros and Ariadna Ruiz

 Subject Sciences

Unit name Biotechnology

The development and use of biotechnology to

change and transform genes helps create new
options, choices and opportunities in industry and
Statement of inquiry health: whether these developments are fair for all
remains to be seen.
Topics and
Assessment Global context Scientific and Technology Innovations

Criteria Key concept Change

Related concept(s) Transformation

Criterion A X

Criterion B

Criterion C

Criterion D X
History of biotechnology

• 19th century
• Zymotechnology Biotechnology
• Preparation of techniques for beer
• WW1 and larger industrial issues
• Rise to biotechnology

Fabrication of beer
What is biotechnology?

• Technology based on biology

• Use of living organisms
• Genetic engineering

human growth
Human insulin hormone

Hepatitis B vaccine
 Why is
biotechnology
important?
• agriculture (genetically modified plants,
biofuels, biological treatment)

• industrial biotechnology (chemicals,

paper, textiles, and food).
Types of
biotechnology
• Medical “red” biotechnology
• Industrial “white” biotechnology
• Environmental and agricultural “green”
biotechnology
• Marine “blue” biotechnology
 Positive and negative things of biotechnology
• High-quality food
• Fewer herbicides or pesticides must be used
• More efficient farming
• Mitigation of vitamin and nutrient deficiencies
• Mass production of important medicines
• Effectively handled diseases related to genetic
disorders
• Higher fraction of biodegradable products that
includes less plastic waste and less air pollution
• Slows down global warming
• The soil may become less fertile
• Small farmers who don’t use GMOs may go out of
business
• High levels of local unemployment
• Food exports may shrink
• Health problems related to GMOs
• Epidemics or pandemics
• Spread of plant diseases
• Unclear long-term effects
• May be dangerous in the wrong hands

Advantages Disadvantages
 Ethics of
biotechnology
• Medical ethics and bioethics
• Assessment of the rights and
wrongs of specific technologies and
applications
• Information potential for
ecological harm, new drugs and
treatments, interfere with nature
Applications of
Biotechnology in
our life
 What is a virus?
• "A virus is an infectious agent of
small size and
simple composition that can
multiply only in living cells
of animals, plants, or bacteria"
• Formed to invade cells of other
organism to reproduce and do life
support functions.

Dmitry I. Ivanovsky Martinus W. Beijerinck

1892 1898
Are virus and
biotechnology
connected?
• Connected by searching
for vaccines.
• Process:
1. The laboratory stage
2. The stage with animal and
experimentation
3. Human trials (ensayos).

Genetically
modify
so that they
express the
human receptor
.
 How is the virus
structure?
• Between 20 nanometres to 250-
400 nm
• Outside the cell, a virus particle is
called a virion.
• Parts: Nucleic acid, capsid, lipids
envelop, spikes.
Are bacteria and virus
the same?
• Viruses cannot be treated with antibiotics.
• Viruses cause disease, bacteria not always.
• The virus needs a living organism, the
bacteria are already one.
• Bacteria produce toxins that invade tissues,
viruses infect cells by reproducing in them.
• Some bacteria are beneficial,
viruses never.
• Different size.
• Different structures.
Which is the process of
infection of a virus?
• 1st UNION
• 2nd INJECTION
• 3rd REPLICATION
• 4th SYNTHESIS
• 5th GET-TOGETHER
• 6th RELEASE

https://www.britannica.com/video/72951/cycl
e-infection-results-host-cell-death-release

Cycle of infection
 Rabies: Which problems
ocasionated in humanity?
• Affect animals
• Transmission through the bite or
contact with infected saliva.
• Problems:
- Human and animals Diseases
- Serous symptoms (public health problem
of the 1st magnitude)
- Panic to animals (99% of human rabies)

Rabies
 Have humanity found
solutions to solve the
problem?
• Developed in 1885 by the French scientist Louis
Pasteur.
• 327,000 human deaths are prevented
• More than 80 serotypes of Lyssavirus
• OIE facilitated canine rabies vaccines to 37
countries.
• Wild and domestic animals were monitored with
controls.
Rabies vaccine
 Bibliography: Part A
• The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. (2021a). biotechnology. In Encyclopedia Britannica.
• O’Brien, J. (1991). What is biotechnology? Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2, 137.
• What is biotechnology? - department of biotechnology and food science - NTNU. (n.d.). Ntnu.Edu. Retrieved November 23,
2021, from https://www.ntnu.edu/ibt/about-us/what-is-biotechnology
• Brothers, B. (2020, August 4). Types of biotechnology explained: 4 biotech colors. Biotechhealth.Com.
https://biotechhealth.com/what-are-the-4-types-of-biotechnology/
• 10 everyday uses of Biotechnology. (n.d.). Uk-Cpi.Com. Retrieved November 23, 2021, from https://www.uk-cpi.com/blog/10-
everyday-uses-of-biotechnology
• Biotechnology solutions for everyday life. (n.d.). Bio.Org. Retrieved November 23, 2021, from
https://archive.bio.org/articles/biotechnology-solutions-everyday-life
• Andreas. (2020, June 3). 34 main pros & cons of biotechnology - E&C. Environmental-Conscience.Com. https://environmental-
conscience.com/biotechnology-pros-cons-applications/
 Bibliography: Part B
• Diferencias entre virus y bacterias. (2020, febrero 27). Marca.com.
https://cuidateplus.marca.com/bienestar/2020/02/27/diferencias-virus-bacterias-172189.html
• Tajouri, L. (2020, marzo 13). What is a virus? How do they spread? How do they make us sick? The Conversation.
http://theconversation.com/what-is-a-virus-how-do-they-spread-how-do-they-make-us-sick-133437
• Gelderblom, H. R. (2011). Structure and Classification of Viruses. En S. Baron (Ed.), Medical Microbiology. University of Texas
Medical Branch at Galveston. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8174/
• virus - The protein capsid. (s/f). En Encyclopedia Britannica.https://www.britannica.com/science/virus/The-protein-capsid
• CAEME. (2020, noviembre 23). Virus y bacterias: qué son y en qué se diferencian. Org.ar. https://www.caeme.org.ar/virus-y-
bacterias-que-son-y-en-que-se-diferencian/
• Vidyasagar, A. (2016, enero 6). What Are Viruses? Livescience.com; Live Science. https://www.livescience.com/53272-what-is-a-
virus.html
• Wagner, R. R., & Krug, R. M. (2020). virus. En Encyclopedia Britannica.https://www.britannica.com/science/virus
• Lupa, S. C. (2020, febrero 4). Los 7 virus más mortales que aún no tienen vacunas. Saludconlupa.com.
https://saludconlupa.com/noticias/los-7-virus-mas-mortales-que-aun-no-tienen-vacunas/
• (S/f). Fsu.edu. Recuperado el 24 de noviembre de 2021, de https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/virus.html
• Administrator. (s/f). Rabia. Epidemiología y situación mundial - Joomla. Amse.es. Recuperado el 24 de noviembre de 2021, de
https://www.amse.es/informacion-epidemiologica/149-rabia-epidemiologia-y-situacion-mundial
• Aleem, M. (2015). Rabia: Through all joys and sorrows. LiFi Publications. https://www.mayoclinic.org/es-es/diseases-
conditions/rabies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351821
• Virus: una mirada desde la biotecnolog�a. (n.d.). Revistaagricultura.Com. Retrieved November 24, 2021, from
http://www.revistaagricultura.com/virus/innovacion/virus-una-mirada-desde-la-biotecnologia_11840_121_14815_0_1_in.html
 Criterion D: Reflecting on the impacts of science
Criterion A: Knowing and understanding 0 The student does not reach a standard indicated by any of the descriptions below.

The student is able to:

0 The student does not reach a standard indicated by any of the descriptions below. i. state the ways in which science is used to address a specific problem or issue
1-2 ii. state the implications of use of science to solve a specific problem or issue, interacting with a factor
iii. apply scientific language to communicate understanding but does so with limited success
iv. document sources, with limited success.
The student is able to:
i. recall scientific knowledge
1-2
ii. apply scientific knowledge and understanding to suggest solutions to problems set in familiar situations
iii. apply information to make judgements
The student is able to:
i. outline the ways in which science is used to address a specific problem or issue
3-5 Ii. outline the implications of use of science to solve a specific problem or issue, interacting with a factor
The student is able to: iii. sometimes apply scientific language to communicate understanding
i. state scientific knowledge iv. sometimes document sources correctly.
3-5
ii. apply scientific knowledge and understanding to solve problems set in familiar situations
iii. apply information to make scientifically supported judgements

5-6 The student is able to:

5-6 The student is able to: i. summarizethe ways in which science is used to address a specific problem or issue
i. outline scientific knowledge ii. describe the implications of use of science and its aplication to solve a specific problem or issue, interacting with a factor
ii. apply scientific knowledge and understanding to solve problems set in familiar situations and sug gest solutions to problems set in unfamiliar iii. usually apply scientific language to communicate understanding clearly and precisely
situations iv. usually document sources correctly.
iii. interpret information to make scientifically supported judgements

The student is able to:

i. describe scientific knowledge The student is able to:
7-8
ii. apply scientific knowledge and understanding to solve problems set in familiar and unfamiliar situations i. describe th ways in which science is applied and used to address a specific problem or issue
iii. analyse information to make scientifically supported judgements 7-8 ii. Discuss and analyse the implications of using science and its applications to solve a specific problem or issue, interacting with a factor
iii. consistently apply sicentific language to communicate understanding clearly and precisely
iv. document sources completely