GENDER & 20

23
SOCIETY

Feminism,
Gender & Sexuality
Across Time

MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023

 LEARNING Identify the
OUTCOMES objectives of
feminist
Discuss the historical roots of our
movement in
understanding of gender and sexuality and
show appreciation of how this society.
understanding evolved through time, and
affected various aspects of human life

MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023

 MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023

INTRODUCTION Egalitarian
Society
(men and women have equitable
power and roles)

Archeological artifacts reveal that

in the distant past, during the dawn
of civilizations, human societies
have had high regard for women.

The concept of the divine feminine

(the sacredness of the woman due
to her ability to conceive children)
has prevailed and thus, women
were treated equally with men.
INTRODUCTION Paternity
(fatherhood / role of the father in
conception)

Agricultural era

when societies began to establish

settlement communities and
tamed cattle and livestock

Productive
versus

Reproductive

MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023

PATRIARCHY
social system where men primarily hold power in the political and private spheres

It is a system based on the control and oppression of women wherein they are
perceived to be the weaker sex.

It is a structure that upholds male supremacy in the law, at home,

in the work place, and in society

Patriarkhes "the rule of the father"

MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023

PATRIARCHY
social system where men primarily hold power in the political and private spheres

Patrilineal society a society in which only men can inherit property and the
family name

Patrilineal societies often follow patriarchal societies

Women were left with no inheritance and were expected to marry a man who
can support her economically.

MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023

PATRIARCHY
social system where men primarily hold power in the political and private spheres

Patriarchy is viewed by most sociologists as a social construct and

not as a biological phenomenon
Before the Agricultural era, pre-historic hunter-gatherer tribes and civilization
prioritized equality of all its members, male and female.
History suggests an egalitarian system, rather than a patriarchal one.

MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023

Historical Views
on Gender
GREECE
Aristotle, Plato, and other
Greek philosophers
viewed women as the
inferior sex and are
properties of men whose
only job was to obey their
husbands, bear children,
and take care of the
household.
EGYPT
Egyptian civilization prior to
the conquest of Alexander
the Great, was a civilization
in which women can inherit
property and engage in
trade and politics, allowing
them a higher social status
compared to that of Greek
women.
CHINA
In accordance to
Confucianism, women
were expected to obey
their father. and when
she is married she is to
obey her husband, and
when she is widowed she
is to obey her son.
MDKSSoliven | WU-P 2023
A LONG WAY SINCE
ANCIENT TIMES
Still, patriarchal has taken on subtle forms of
oppression that often go unnoticed

Sexism

prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination based on sex

Gender Pay Gap

men are afforded higher

Copywriter salary Creator
Content compared to women

Underrepresentation in politics,
military, executive positions, etc.
A LONG WAY SINCE
ANCIENT TIMES
Still, patriarchal has taken on subtle forms of
oppression that often go unnoticed

Rape on women and the stigma making

women ashamed to report the crime

Very conservative expectations on

women and how they behave
Copywriter Content Creator

Unrealistic depictions of women in fiction;

often very sexualized
A LONG WAY SINCE
ANCIENT TIMES
Still, patriarchal has taken on subtle forms of
oppression that often go unnoticed

Women do more housework and childcare

Boys were trained to be leaders while

Copywriter Content Creator
women were trained to do house chores
Women
Empowerment
Women's Liberation Movement /
Women's Movement /

FEMINISM
Against the
Patriarchy

a continuing series of
social movements
that aim to
challenge the
patriarchal society
that creates these
oppressive political
structures, beliefs,
and practices
against women
Women's Liberation Movement /
Women's Movement /

FEMINISM
First-Wave Feminism

19th and early 20th century

First-wave feminism spread across the

western countries as women demanded for
their right to vote or participate in elections
and be able to legally own property

Frenchwoman Simone de Beauvoir and her

book "The Second Sex" (1949) inspired
many women to write and speak their truth
Women's Liberation Movement /
Women's Movement /

FEMINISM
Second-Wave Feminism

1960's through the 80's

Women drew attention to various social

and cultural inequalities such as domestic
violence especially marital rape,
reproductive rights, wage inequality and
the like.
Women's Liberation Movement /
Women's Movement /

FEMINISM
Third-Wave Feminism

begun in the 1990's and was prominent

prior to the 4th Wave

Barriers presented by sexism, racism, and

classism were tackled by inverting these
sexist, racist, and classist symbols with
irony - fighting violence with stories of
survival and combatting continued
exclusion with grassroots activism
The third wave saw the emergence of new
feminist currents and theories, such as
intersectionality, sex positivity, vegetarian
ecofeminism, transfeminism, and
postmodern feminism
Women's Liberation Movement /
Women's Movement /

FEMINISM
Fourth-Wave Feminism

began around 2012

characterized by a focus on the

empowerment of women, the use of
internet tools, and intersectionality

became a movement for women to share

their stories online about sexual abuse,
sexual harassment, sexual violence, the
objectification of women, and sexism in the
workplace.
Women's Liberation Movement /
Women's Movement /

FEMINISM

Fourth-Wave Feminism

#AndNow or NowWhat in Canada

#WoYeShi (Mandarin for 'MeToo') in China
#BalanceTonPorc (French for 'DenounceYourPig' or 'ExposeYourPig') in France
#NotinMyName in India
#QuellaVoltaChe (Italian for 'The Time That') in Italy
#BoycottAliZafar, #BoycottTeefainTrouble, #TeefaisTrouble in Pakistan
#BabaeAko (Filipino for 'I Am a Woman') in the Philippines
#YoTambien (Spanish for 'MeToo')[ in Spain
#AmINext in South Africa
To put simply,

FEMINISM
demands
EQUALITY
 FEMINISM
Here are a few salient points that
demands feminism demands:
EQUALITY
Women suffrage

women's rights to vote

Equality in politics and society Reproductive rights

so that decision-making means that the woman is in

bodies may adequately control of her body and she
address genuine and can decide what is best for her
persisting problems
FEMINISM
Here are a few salient points that
demands feminism demands:
EQUALITY
CONCERN FOR THE FOLLOWING ISSUES:

Domestic Violence Sexual Harassment and Sexual

Violence
marital rape and physical abuse
should not be dismissed as "part The Center for Women's
of marriage" Resources in the Philippines
estimates that one woman or
child is raped every hour,
mostly by someone they know.
SUMMARY
Recognizing patriarchy in the simplest things
we do is very important for us to identify these
instances so we can change it. Even the
simplest acts that are seemingly harmless
can be analyzed and seen as a way to force
women into submission and compliance.
That is the power of putting labels on
oppressive acts, and you can call it out and
stop it.

Feminism gained women access to

education, right to vote, right to work, take
control of their reproduction, and the right to
say no instead of just obeying. However, there
is still much to be done for gender equality.
 You do not have to be a
woman to understand
that everyone must be
treated with the same
respect and that
everyone is free and equal
in dignity and in rights
REFERENCES
Botor, N.P., Peralta, E.P. and Laude, T. M.
(2019). A course module for gender and
society: a human ecological approach. REX
Book Store
Higgins, C. (2018). The age of patriarchy:
how an unfashionable idea became a
rallying cry for feminism today. The
Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/
june/22/the-age-of-patriarchy-how-
rallying-cry-for-feminism-today

Presented by: MDKS Soliven