01

Reproductive System
Male and Female parts, hormones, and their function

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Male Reproductive System 04

The male reproductive system produces

sperm cell (male gametes) and deliver
them inside the female reproductive
system.

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Male Reproductive System 04

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Male Reproductive System 04

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Male Reproductive System 04

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Male Reproductive System 04

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Female Reproductive System 04

The female reproductive system is

composed of two ovaries, fallopian tube,
vagina, and the uterus.

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Female Reproductive System 04

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Female Reproductive System 04

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Female Reproductive System 04

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Female Reproductive System 04

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Female Reproductive System 04

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

 Short Essay 08

Directions: Answer each question in three to five sentences. (5points each)

1. What is the function of the Reproductive System?

2. Give one organ of your Reproductive System and explain its function/s.

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

 Short Essay 08

Directions: Answer each question in three to five sentences. (5points each)

1. What is the function of the Reproductive System?

2. Give one organ of your Reproductive System and explain its function/s.

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Male Hormones and their Functions 04

To regulate the function of the testes, two hormones are secreted by the anterior
pituitary gland:

1. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) stimulates the secretion of the sex hormone,

Testosterone.

2. Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH), along with Testosterone, stimulates sperm

production in the Seminiferous Tubules.

Matlang National High School BIOLOGICAL Sciences

 04

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Spermatogenesis 04

The process of sperm reproduction.

1. Sperm cells are produced in the linings of

the Seminiferous tubules through meiosis.

2. Sperm then enter a long coiled tube

called the Epididymis where they will
mature until they are capable of
swimming and moving.

3. Mature sperm travels form epididymis to

another long tube called the Vas Deferens.

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Spermatogenesis 04

The process of sperm reproduction.

4. The sperm then exit the body through

the Urethra, a larger tube which, in
males, is the same tube through which
urine passes and exits the body.

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Spermatogenesis 04

The process of sperm reproduction.

4. The sperm then exit the body through

the Urethra, a larger tube which, in
males, is the same tube through which
urine passes and exits the body.

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

 The Human Sperm Cell 04

A sperm cell is consist of three parts:

1. Head – made up of the nucleus covered

by a cap called acrosome which stores
enzymes needed to penetrate the egg cell
during fertilization

2. Midpiece - contains the mitochondria

that supply the energy needed to propel
the sperm through the female
reproductive tract.

3. Tail – is a powerful flagellum that enables

the sperm to move.

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Transportation of the Sperm 18

During their passage through the urethra, sperms mix with the fluids produced by
the neighboring glands --- the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral
glands. The combined secretions of these glands is collectively called semen,
which nourishes the sperm cells.

PROSTATE GLAND SEMINAL VESICLES BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

Alkaline fluid that Fluid rich in sugars

neutralizes the acids in the Alkaline fluid that neutralizes
(fructose) that sperm cells the traces of acidic urine in
female reproductive use for energy
system. the urethra

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Female Reproductive System 04

Facts about the female reproductive

system:

Ovaries – responsible for producing egg

and female hormones

Estrogen – the female hormone which

triggers the development of
secondary female
characteristics.

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Egg Production 04

Facts about the female reproductive

system:

• All females are born with all the approx. 2

million egg cells they will produce in their
lifetime.

• During puberty, the number of egg cells

would have gone down to 400,000.

• Out of the 400,000 egg cells, only 300-

500 will mature and are then called ova
singular: ovum)

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Egg Production 04

Facts about the female reproductive

system:

• Mature Egg cell production starts around

the ages 11-14 years, during the menarche

• Every month thereafter, a normal female

will release a mature egg cell from one of
her ovaries.

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Female Reproductive Cycles 04

1. Ovarian Cycle : a series of events that involve

the ovary as it prepares the
egg for maturation.

2. Menstrual Cycle: a cycle that occurs in the

uterus as it prepares for
implantation.

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Ovarian Cycle 04

- Series of events that involves the ovary as

it prepares the egg for maturation.
• Ovulation is the monthly release of an
ovum from the ovary.

1. In an ovary, an egg cell is enclosed inside

a follicle.

2. The follicle nourishes the maturing egg

cell.

3. During ovulation, the ovum (mature egg)

bursts from the follicle and is released
into the fallopian tube.

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Ovarian Cycle 04

• Follicular Phase

1. The follicular phase starts on day 1 of menstruation and ends with

ovulation (day 14).

2. The brain (anterior pituitary) sends the Follicle Stimulating Hormone

(FSH) to the ovaries to signal follicles to grow and mature. These
follicles produce estrogen.

3. Estrogen acts on the uterus to stimulate the thickening of the

endometrium (uterine lining). When estrogen peaks, it signals the
brain to release Luteinizing Hormone (LH). This triggers ovulation.

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Ovarian Cycle 04

• Ovulation

1. Ovulation occurs mid-cycle, around two weeks or so before

menstruation starts. On this day, the mature egg from the follicle
travels from the ovary down to the fallopian tube and into the uterus.
At any time during the egg’s journey, sperm can fertilize it.

2. If fertilization does not occur during this phase, the egg continues to
the uterus and dies within 6 to 24 hours.

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Ovarian Cycle 04

• Luteal Phase

1. The luteal phase includes the day after ovulation to the day before
your next period.

2. During the luteal phase, LH and FSH levels decrease. Once it releases
its egg, the empty follicle develops into a new structure called the
corpus luteum which produces progesterone. If the egg isn't
fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates and estrogen level
decreases.

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences

Menstrual Cycle 04

- Series of events that involves the uterus as it prepares for implantation.

The normal menstrual cycle lasts for an average of 28 days.

1. Increased levels of estrogen and progesterone cause the lining of the uterus to
thicken.

2. If pregnancy does not occur, the levels of these hormones decrease, causing the
linings of the uterus to be shed.

3. When this happens, the blood vessels break and bleeding occurs.

4. A mixture of blood and discarded tissues leaves the body through the vagina in a
process called Menstruation (occurs 14 days after ovulation)

Matlang National High School Physical Sciences