AISSMS COE

BRANCH: MECHANICAL-B
SUBJECT: AUDIT COURSE-2(PROJECT)
-SUVIDHAMAM
 Subodh Patil :20ME074
 Chaitanya Pawar :20ME077
 Kartik Shinde :20ME098
 Vitthal Shinde :20ME100
 Prasad Shingare :20ME101
 Natural Reserve, Tribal
Population & Rights

Natural Reserve:
 Definition
 History of natural reserve
• Around the world
Tribal Population & Rights:
 Definition
 Explanation
 Respect to Access to Justice
  Natural Reserve
Definition:-

a) A nature reserve (also known as a natural reserve, wildlife

refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bio
reserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area), is
a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, or features of
geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for
purposes of conversation and to provide special opportunities for study
or research.
b) India's 18 biospheres extend over a total of 85,940 km2 and protect larger
areas than typical national parks in other countries. The first national
reserve of India was established in 1986.

c) Biosphere reserves are the protected areas meant for the conservation
of plants and animals.
 There are three biosphere reserve zones:
a) Core
b) Buffer
c) Manipulation
  History of natural reserve
Around the world:-
a) There are several national and international
organizations that oversee the numerous non-
profit animal sanctuaries and refuges in order to
provide a general system for sanctuaries to follow.
b) Among them, the American Sanctuary
Association monitors and aids in various facilities to
care for exotic wildlife.
c) The number of sanctuaries has substantially increased
over the past few years.
1) Australia
2) Brazil
3) Canada
4) Egypt
5) Europe
  Tribal Population
a) Indigenous and tribal peoples” is a common
denominator for more than 370
million people, found in more than 70
countries worldwide.
b) Indigenous and tribal peoples have their
own cultures, languages, customs and
institutions, which distinguish them from
other parts of the societies in which they
find themselves.
c) Tribal Population in India The population of
Scheduled Tribes, according to the 2001
Census, in the country is 8.43 crores, which
is 8.2 per cent of the total population of the
country.
d) The population of Scheduled Tribes has been
on the increase since 1961.
  Rights

a) The most common problems relate to recognizing

that the tribes have a right to autonomy and not
merely decentralized administration; that they have
a right to seek justice within their own traditional or
customary laws; and that they have a right to own
and exploit the natural resources in their habitat.
b) The framework for the protection of the rights of
tribal indigenous people is further strengthened by
the recognition of Forests Rights Act,2006 which
protects the individual and community rights of tribal
people in forest area and their right to free and prior
informed consent in the event of their displacement
and resettlement.
  Explanation
a) Under international law, tribal people, for example, do have some
recognized rights. The two most important laws about tribal peoples
are Conventions 107 and 169 under the International Labor
Organization (ILO), part of the UN system. These conventions obliges
governments to identify the lands and protect these rights.
b) Recently, (RAKIA) and Emirati investor, initiated an Investment Treaty
Arbitration(ITA) claim against India-UAE Bilateral Investment
Treaty(BIT) seeking compensation of $44.71 million.
c) The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People
adopted in 2007, for which India voted, recognizes indigenous people’s
right to self determination, autonomy or self governance and their
right against forcible displacement and relocation from their lands
  Explanation

a) India’s population includes nearly one hundred million tribal people.

b) These numbers are matched only by the remarkable diversity of
India’s tribes.
c) The two main regions of tribal settlement are the country’s north-
eastern states bordering China and Burma, and the highlands and
plains of its central and southern regions.
d) The latter is home to more than 80 percent of the tribes, which differ
from the north-eastern tribes in ethnicity and in having experienced
greater “intrusion of the Indian mainstream and of the pan- Indian
model of the state, society, economy and culture.”
  Respect to Access to Justice

• India has the second largest tribal concentration in the world spread
across various parts of the country mainly in forests and hilly regions.
The characteristics of these communities are their particular
geographical location, distinct culture, economic backwardness and
aloofness from the society at large.
• In some forests the tribal people are not given access to forest produce
and grazing of cattle is rendered illegal by the Government. These
people live under the continuous threat of being ousted from their
homes.
• They do not have any legal right and the only legal protection they have
is the due process of law.
Thank You