Self Mastered Visual Notes

Self-Mastered
Visual shots
A picture speaks a thousand words !
Dr. A.K.Setiya
MD General Medicine
Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Pathology

Coagulative
necrosis

Liquifactive
necrosis

Caseous
necrosis

Fat necrosis

Fibrinoid necrosis
Step ladder
pattern -
Apoptosis

Wet
gangrene

Dry
gangrene
Metaplasia –Smoker’s
lung

Lipofuscin

Werner’s
syndrome

Keloid

Hypertrophic
scar

Lets compare both
hypertrophic scar
and keloid
Red vs white infarct
HIV virus

Influenza virus Structure :

Sjogren’s syndrome

Libmann sac
endocarditis

Down
syndrome

Turner syndrome

Klien filter’s syndrome

Turner syndrome

Mitochondrial
inheritance.

Apthous ulcers

Starry sky –
Burkitt’s
lumphoma

Who theme 2020
N -95 MASK

HIPPOCRATES
Scientists
Edward jenner

• Loius Pasteur
• John snow
• Robert Koch
Ronald ross
Malaria
• James lind
• WHO
• HQ: Geneva
• Formal existence: 1948
LOGOS
• UNICEF
• Established in 1946
• HQ: New York

• World Bank
• Funding Agency for many NHP, India Population
Project
National Leprosy elimination
program

• RNTCP:
UNITED NATION’S POPULATION FUND

NDMA

The Food Safety and
Standards
Authority of India

MISSION INDRADHANUSH

MNREGA

SOUND 2030

SURAKSHA CLINICS

RSBY

NHM
INAP

Previously it
was SAHELI

IDSP
UJJWALA
MWCD

 Schemes for Adolescent girls
• Kishori shakti Yojana (KSY) –
• Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for empowerment of
adolescent girls (SABLA) –
 For pregnants
• Indira Gandhi Matrutva Sahyog Yojana
(IGMSY).Renamed as Pradhan mantri
matrtiva vandana yojana.
 UJJAWALA
• “Prevent trafficking of Women and Children”
 COMPONENTS
• Prevention
• Rescue
• Rehabilitation
• Re-integration
• Repatriation
National
institution for
transforming
india
ICDS-Integrated child development services

NRHM
• Started in 2005
• 2005 – 2012
• Extended in 2012 and renamed as
NHM (2012 – 2017)
• NVBDCP
• Started in 2003 – 04
• Includes 6 diseases

• HIV /AIDS

OTHER RIBBONS
• HIV / AIDS
• Yellow ribbon: Hepatitis
• Pink ribbon : Breast cancer
• Blue ribbon: Ca cervix

FOOD AND
AGRICULTURE
ORGANIZATION

• Toxic waste
• Triangle with C inside: Cytotoxic
waste

• Biomedical Waste

• Aedes: Tiger mosquito
• Imp species: aegypti, vittatus, albopictus
• Breeds in artificial collections of water
• Lays egg singly; cigar shaped
• Bites during day time
• Flight range: 100m
• AAI: must be kept 0
• Dis Transmitted: YF, Dengue, Rift valley fever,
Chikungunya
• Anopheles
• Breeds in fresh water
• Bites at night
• Eggs are laid singly
• Pupa has short and broad siphon tube
• SAND FLY
• Kala azar
• Oraya fever
• Oriental sore
• Louse
• Dis. Transmitted:TREP
• Trench fever
• Relapsing fever
• Epidemic typhus
• Pediculosis
• Soft tick:
• Q fever
• Relapsing fever
• KFD (not in India)
• Hard tick:
• Tick typhus: RMSF
• Viral encephalitis
• VF / VHF
• Tularemia
• Tick paralysis
• Human Babesiosis

• Trombiculid mite
• Dis Transmitted:
• Scrub typhus
• Rickettsial pox
• Rat Flea
• Dis Transmitted: BECH
• Bubonic plague
• Endemic typhus
• Chiggerosis
• Hymenolepsis
diminuta

• Reduviid bug
• Dis transmitted:
• Chagas disease

Anopheles larva

Culex larva

Aedes larva

Sarcoptes scabiei

Tse tse fly

• Histogram: frequency
distribution of quantitative
or continuous data

• Pie Chart: Percentage or
proportion

• Standard Normal Distribution
Curve ( Z distribution curve)

• Line Diagram: Time Trend
• Secular trend

Box & whisker plot

FOREST PLOT

• Population Pyramid: for
Developing Country – broad
base with a tapering top

• This spindle shaped population
pyramid is typical of:
Developed country

Ice lined refrigerator

VACCINE CARRIER

• Female Condom
(Femshield)
• Available in India
• Made of Polyurethane
• FR: 5 – 21 PHWY
• More expensive than male
condom

• Multiload (375) Device
• Effective for >=5 yrs
• FR: 0.5 – 0.8 PHWY

• Diaphragm / Dutch Cap
• Always prescribed with
spermicidal jelly
• Must remain in place for
6hrs after intercourse
• FR : 6 – 12 PHWY

• LNG 20 (Mirena)
• Releases 20 mcg of
levonorgestral daily
• FR: 0.2 PHWY
• Effective for 10 yrs

• Only IUD currently being
provided through NFWP
• Effective for upto 10 yrs
• FR: 0.4 – 0.8 PHWY
• Has Cu sleeves on
horizontal limb

Equipments
• Kata Thermometer: Cooling
Power of Air
• Air Temperature
• Humidity
• Low wind velocity (air movement)

• Anemometer
• Measures: Wind Velocity or High wind velocity

• Globe thermometer: Radiant Heat

• Sling Psychrometer
• Measures: Humidity

• Dry & Wet Bulb Thermometer
• Measures: Humidity
• Set of 2 Thermometers:
• 1 Bulb Visible
• 1 Bulb covered with wet muslin cloth
(not Visible)

WIND WANE

ANEMOMETER

HYGROMETER

HORROCK’S APPARATUS

SALTER SCALE

INFANTOMETER

STADIOMETER

SHAKIR’S TAPE

SIGMUND FREUD
1856 - 1939
• THEORY OF UNCONSCIOUNESS
• PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT
• CHILDHOOD SEXUALITY
• CONFLICTS, COMPLEXES

Othello
syndrome

Von gogh
syndrome

Keratoderma blennorrhagica
BOUTAINAIRE

CHICKENGUNIA
RASH

Menke’s syndrome

SWAN NECK
DEFORMITY

Types of insulin

Lupus pernio(Sarcoidosis)
NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM
SINUS BRADYCARDIA
SINUS TACHYCARDIA
Sinus Arrhythmia
Sinus Pause (Sinus Arrest)
Sinoatrial (SA) Block
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
Paroxysmal Supraventricular
Tachycardia (PSVT)
Atrial Flutter (A-flutter)
Atrial Fibrillation (A-fib)
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW)
Syndrome
Idioventricular Rhythm
Premature Ventricular Contraction
(PVC)
Ventricular Tachycardia
Torsade de Pointes
Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)
Asystole
First-Degree AV Block
Second-Degree AV Block
Type I (Mobitz I or Wenckebach)
Second-Degree AV Block
Third-Degree AV Block
Bundle Branch Block (BBB)
Single-Chamber Pacemaker Rhythm—
Atrial
ST ELEVATED MI
NST ELEVATED MI
KF RING

Primary
sclerosing
cholangitis

Multinodular goitre

Surgeun’s
knot

Peau d orange

Battle sign

COWDEN SYNDROME

Gastrinoma triangle (PASSARO’s triangle )

VARICOSE VEINS

RANULA

Robotic surgery

Hydrocoele
Tongue tie /Ankylglosia
gastrochisis
Rectal prolapse
Valsalva

• Serous otitis media

LEFORT’S
FRACTURE

Malignant otitis externa

QUINSY

LUDWIG’S
ANGINA

Anthroconidia (coccidiodomycosis )

GO –CORONA
–G0

Rabies

Ascaris

Giardia lamblia

Copper penny (Chromoblastomycosis)

Hepatitis B virus

Cetrimide agar (Pseudomonas )

Negri body -Rabies

Owl’s eye inclusion(CMV)

Ebola

Captain wheel
(Paracoccidiodo
mycosis)

Vibrio

Dark field
microscopy

W.bancrofti

T.trichura

Winging of scapula

SNUFF BOX

Froment’s test

Trendelber’s test
Mallet finger

EGAWA TEST

CARD TEST

PHALEN MANEUVER

Derma

Nail and half nail sign in CRF

Mees lines and Beau lines
Terry’s nails

ACNE
ROSACEA
BEFORE AND
AFTER
TREATMENT

E. multiforme versus E. Nodusum

PIEBALDISM

NEVUS OF OTA and ITO

Wood light @360nm

PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS

BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID

SALT AND PEPER SKIN@SCLERODERMA

PATHERGY TEST

MELANOMA

OMG@ GORLIN SIGN

PTERYGIUM

White dermatographism Dennie morgan fold

Seborrheic dermatitis Psoriasis
Scales are yellow and greasy Scales are silvery and fine
SD is more severe in neurologically

affected individuals like patients
with parkinsons disease,
dementia, Stroke etc .
NUMMULAR ECZEMA
ROUND
ANNULAR,
COIN SHAPED

POMPHOLYX
• VESICLES ON PALMS AND SOLES
• SAGO GRAINS LIKE VESICLES

Patch test and photopatch test
Read after 48 hrs
2nd reading at 96 hr
Finn’s Photopatch test

chamber
• Test is applied in duplicate
•After 48 hrs one side is

exposed to UVA light
•Read after 96 hours

DMG test
Dimethylglyoxime test:
• a pink colour is detected when

metals release significant
amount of nickel

• Seen in children
• Mc site – FACE
• Mildy scaly hypopigmented
lesion
D/d – indeterminate leprosy

Nail
Half and half nail Terry nail
Only distal
1-2 mm
margin is red
Red
White
Chronic renal failure Hepatic cirrhosis /liver failure

Muehreck’s line-chronic
Mees lines – arsenic poisoning hypoalbuminemia

Beau’s lines Darier’s disease
•Transverse groove’s appear V-shaped nicking at distal margin

simultaneously on all nails(all rapidly
dividing cells stop dividing)
•Sign of acute severe systemic illness

PARANYCHIA
• MCC ACUTE- STAHYLOCOCCAL
• MCC CHRONIC- IRRITANT

(repeated use of soap and
detergent)

Types of Alopecia areata
• Sisaphio • Alopecia totalis: all
• Ophiasis scalp hair
• Alopecia univeralis:
all scalp + body hair

Traction alopecia

Trichotillomania
Short broken hair of unequal length

present over parieto-temporal area (also
K/as Tonsure alopecia)
Friar tuck appearance
• Moth eaten alopecia - Syphillis

ACNE VULGARIS

Acne
Closed comedones Open comedones

Nodulo-cystic acne

Rhinophyma
Due to hypertrophy of sebaceous
Glands

Hidradenitis suppurativa
•.

Fordyce spots

URTICARIA
Urticaria, is characterized by transient, itchy,
elevated edematous wheals or red papules.

SJS/ TEN
SJS TEN

VITILIGO
• AUTOIMMUNE
• Decreased melanocytes
• C/f - depigmented patches
leukotrichia
• Association – DM, pernicious
anemia, thyroid disorder

ALBINISM
• CONGENITAL
• DECREASED MELANIN
SYNTHESIS
• DEFIENCY OF TYROSINASE

PIABALDISM
• WHITE FORELOCK
• DEPIGMENTED PATCHES AT
BIRTH
• AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT

FRECKLES
• SMALL, TINY HYPERPIGMENTED
MACULES
• PEUTZ-JEGHAR SYNDROME

LGV (LYMPHOGRANULOMA INGUINALE)

Bird’s beak
Cork’screw esophagus

Zenker’s diverticula
Hiatus hernia
Rat tail in esophagus cancer

Pet scan (18FDG)

Double bubble

ERCP showing stones in CBD
Haustral folds in ulcerative
colitis
Gas under diaphragm
Normal IVP
Flower vase
appearance

Drooping lilly sign

Adder head app.

Multiple cannon ball apearane (lung METS)

PNEUMONIA
The CXR shows a focal shadow in the

right lower lobe with air bronchograms
suggestive
of pneumonia

PNEUMOTHORAX
The CXR shows the visceral pleura

separated from the parietal pleura by
air which now occupies the potential space
in the pleural cavity

ACTIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
The CXR shows bilateral upper
lobe infiltrates with cavities,
suggestive of active
pulmonary tuberculosis. In
general, thin-walled cavities (5
mm) tend to be infective
and, when thick-walled (10
mm), squamous cell carcinoma
of the lung
enters into the differential
diagnosis.

SILICOSIS
• The CXR shows

bilateral infiltrates
and calcified nodules
in both upper lobes.

PNEUMOPERITONEUM DUE TO PERFORATED PEPTIC
ULCER
The CXR shows free air under the right

hemidiaphragm, in addition to
features of
hyperinflation

CALCIFIED LEFT VENTRICULAR ANEURYSM
The PA and lateral CXR confirm an arcuate

density in the region of the left ventricle.
This is typical of calcification of a left
ventricular aneurysm, usually secondary
to previous myocardial infarction. Surgical
resection of the aneurysm is potentially
curative.

MEDIASTINAL EMPHYSEMA (PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM)
The CXR shows free air in the

mediastinum and subcutaneous
tissues of the neck

CARDIAC TAMPONADE FROM MASSIVE PERICARDIAL
EFFUSION
This CXR shows a globular

enlargement
of the heart, typical of a large
pericardial effusion. In addition,
there is a mass
in the right lung in keeping with
the primary lung cancer

MALPOSITIONED NASOGASTRIC TUBE
The tip of the nasogastric tube should

be seen within the gastric bubble. In
this case, the tube has coiled at the
esophageal cardia and ended up in the
midesophagus. Feeding within the
esophagus may result in fatal
aspiration.
The CXR also shows evidence of right
lower lobe infiltrates, a typical site for
aspiration
pneumonia

COLLAPSE/ATELECTASIS OF THE LEFT LUNG
There is a homogenous whiteout of
the left hemithorax. As in the
previous case, there is evidence of
volume loss in the left lung with shift
of mediastinum
to the left, crowding of the left-sided
ribs and elevation of the left
hemidiaphragm.
Flexible bronchoscopy demonstrated
near-total occlusion of the left main-
stem bronchus by a tumor
(mucoepidermoid carcinoma). Laser
resection of the tumor was then
performed, resulting in restoration
of ventilation
to the left lung.

GOLDEN’S S SIGN OF RIGHT UPPER LOBE COLLAPSE
There is a homogeneous
density in the right upper
zone and elevation of the
transverse fissure. Instead of
the transverse fissure being
straight, there is a bulge at
the medial end , giving it an
inverted S shape. Golden
described this sign and the
explanation for it is that the
upper lobe collapse is due to
a right hilar mass
which accounts for the
medial bulge.

BILATERAL CALCIFIED PLEURAL PLAQUES
DUE TO ASBESTOS EXPOSURE
The CXR shows bilateral calcified

pleural plaques, especially over the
diaphragmatic pleura. The mid-zones
show en face calcification (holly leaf
sign). This is
typical of asbestos exposure

BAMBOO SPINE APPEARANCE DUE TO ANKYLOSING
SPONDYLITIS

MASSIVE LEFT PLEURAL EFFUSION
The CXR shows a dense homogeneous

whiteout of almost the entire left
hemithorax associated with a shift of
mediastinum to the right, consistent
with a massive left pleural effusion.

RIGHT-SIDED AORTIC ARCH
The aortic knuckle, which is usually on the

left, is now on the right

METASTASES TO LUNGS
The CXR shows bilateral peripheral

lung nodules of varying sizes . This
appearance is typical of lung
metastases. The basal
predominance is due to the greater
blood supply in the lung bases.
Lung metastases can arise from
cancers of the breast, colon,
rectum, and
kidney.

HIATUS HERNIA
The CXR shows a lucent
shadow with an air fluid level
in the lower mediastinum.
This is typical of a hiatus
hernia because of its midline
position with the stomach
herniating through the
esophageal hiatus. Also the
stomach bubble is not seen in
its usual position. A barium
swallow or CT with oral
contrast can be done in
doubtful
cases.

RIGHT SUBPULMONIC EFFUSION
The CXR shows that the right

costophrenic angle is blunted
suggestive of a small
pleural effusion.

LUNG ABSCESS
The CXR shows a cavitary lesion at

the right hilum

Anterior shoulder dislocation
Frontal radiographof a left shoulder. The humeral head

(black arrow heads) is medially and inferiorly
displaced. It no longer articulates with glenoid fossa
(white arrow heads). Humerus (H). Clavicle (C).

Posterior elbow dislocation. Lateral view of the elbow showing posterior displacement(black arrow) of the ulna (U) and the radius
(R). Olecranon (0). Humerus (H).

March fracture
Magnified frontal radiograph of the

left foot showing a fracture with callus
formation (arrow heads) of the diaphysis of
the second metatarsal bone.

Osteomyelitis (i.e. Brodie's abscess)

Intraventricular hemorrhage

SDH

EDH

Hydrocephalus

A normal cholangiogram

NCC

Angel/Batwing Appearance
Corpus
callosum
lipoma

Apple Core Sign
Bird’s Beak Sign
BOOT SHAPED HEART
BOX SHAPED HEART

Bone-within-a-Bone Sign
• Inner layer of cortical bone

within an exsisting bone seen
in osteropetrosis ,sickle cell
disease,thorotrast

Puff-Of-Smoke Sign
Tangle of small
collateral vessels seen
at cerebral
angiography-in
MoyaMoya disease
from central vessel
occlusion.
Phocomelia

Castle necklace

Cheiroarthropathy /Namaskar hand

EDH

HSP

Burking

Bansadola


Self Mastered Visual Notes

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Self Mastered Visual Notes

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Self Mastered Visual Notes

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Self-Mastered

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

• “Prevent trafficking of Women and Children”

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya

Self-Mastered premium FMGE institute A.K.Setiya