Zootaxa 4107 (3): 423–430 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

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Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press
Article ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4107.3.10
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6A5150DF-9080-49BF-B591-ABF1767AB395

Three new species and a new record of Smicridea McLachlan 1871

(Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from Minas Gerais state, Brazil

ISABELA CRISTINA ROCHA1, LEANDRO LOURENÇO DUMAS2 & JORGE LUIZ NESSIMIAN3
Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68044, Cidade Universitária,
21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Tel. 55 21 3938-6371.
E-mail: ¹isaabio@hotmail.com; ²lldumas82@gmail.com; ³jnessimian@gmail.com

Abstract

Three new species of Smicridea McLachlan 1871 are described and illustrated based on specimens collected in Parque
Nacional da Serra da Canastra and its surrounding area, Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. Smicridea (Rhyacophy-
lax) necator sp. nov. possibly belongs to the S. (R.) dispar Group, but its placement in this group is weakly supported; S.
(Smicridea) franciscana sp. nov. belongs to the S. (S.) nigripennis Group based on morphology of the phallus; S. (S.) se-
pala sp. nov. is a member of the S. (S.) fasciatella Group, also based on the morphology of the phallus. A new record of
S. (S.) sattleri Denning & Sykora 1968 is provided for Minas Gerais state, Brazil.

Key words: caddisflies, Cerrado, Neotropical, Smicrideinae, aquatic insect, taxonomy

Introduction

Recently a large number of caddisfly species have been described from Brazil (Santos et al. 2016a). However,
estimates suggest that the real number of extant species in the country is far from being recognized (Paprocki et al.
2004; Paprocki 2012), including those of Hydropsychidae. This large, cosmopolitan, and diverse family is
composed of five subfamilies: Diplectroninae, Arctopsychinae, Hydropsychinae, Smicrideinae and
Macronematinae (Schefter 1996). However, phylogenetic analyses including both morphological and molecular
data do not support Diplectroninae and Hydropsychinae as monophyletic groups (Kjer et al. 2002; Geraci et al.
2005). In Brazil, only Smicrideinae and Macronematinae have been recorded (Santos et al. 2016b).
Smicridea McLachlan 1871 is mostly Neotropical in distribution, but extends into the southwestern United
States (Holzenthal et al. 2007; Morse 2016). The genus is the only genus of Smicrideinae found in South America
and is divided into two subgenera: S. (Rhyacophylax) Müller 1879, with 101 species, and S. (Smicridea)
McLachlan 1871, with 127 species (Morse 2016). Adults of S. (Smicridea) have a tibial spur formula of 1, 4, 4 and
2 pairs of pheromonal glands, one pair each on abdominal segments VI and VII. In S. (Rhyacophylax), the adults
have a formula of 1, 4, 2 and the abdominal glands are absent. The hind wing venation is also useful for the
recognition of the two subgenera: the basal portion of the radiomedial system of S. (Smicridea) is well separated
from Cu1, while in S. (Rhyacophylax) it is close to Cu1 (Flint 1974).
Until now, 50 species have been recorded for Brazil (Santos et al. 2016b). Here, we describe three new species
of Smicridea from Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra and its surrounding area, Minas Gerais state, southeastern
Brazil. Furthermore, we report for the first time the presence of S. (S.) sattleri Denning & Sykora 1968 in Minas
Gerais state, Brazil.

Material and methods

The specimens were collected with light traps (white sheet and Pennsylvania light trap) and preserved in 80%

Accepted by J. Morse: 29 Mar. 2016; published: 3 May 2016 423

ethanol. In order to observe the genital structures, male abdomens were removed and cleared in a heated 10% KOH
solution, followed by a rinse in distilled water, transferred to a 95% EtOH solution and mounted temporarily in
glycerin or glycerin jelly on a slide for observation and drawing (Blahnik et al. 2007). After examination, removed
abdomens were stored permanently in 80% EtOH in micro vials with the remainder of the specimen.
Pencil illustrations were made under a compound microscope (Carl Zeiss, model Axiolab) equipped with a
camera lucida and then digitized with Adobe Illustrator (v. 16.0.0, Adobe Systems Inc.). The terminology used in
the descriptions follows that of Holzenthal & Blahnik (1995), Almeida & Flint (2002) and Albino et al. (2011).
The examined material has been deposited in the Coleção Entomológica Professor José Alfredo Pinheiro
Dutra, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (DZRJ).

Taxonomy

Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) necator sp. nov.

(Figures 1A–E)

Description. Adult male. Length of each forewing 4.65–5.60 mm (n = 6). Color in alcohol yellow. Head and thorax
golden, with setal warts yellow. Antennae and legs light yellow, legs with short brown setae. Forewings yellow,
with dark brown setae, each wing with costal margin and pterostigma marked with white band; transverse veins,
nigma and thyridial spots brown, transverse light brown band on distal region. Wing venation typical for subgenus.
Length (0.25 mm) of anterolateral glandular processes of sternum V not surpassing posterior margin of this
segment.
Male genitalia. Segment IX, in lateral view, with dorsal half trapezoidal, about 5 times as long as rectangular
ventral half; anterolateral margin on each side slightly concave, with obtuse angle at half its height; ventral margin
short; ventrolateral margin concave; dorsomesally with subapical protuberance bearing small spicules (Fig. 1A); in
dorsal view, posterodorsal margin highly convex, covered apically with spicules; lateral margins almost parallel-
sided, slightly expanded basally (Fig. 1B). Tergum X setose, in lateral view, with tip rounded and directed
dorsoposterad (Fig. 1A); in dorsal view, divided almost completely mesally, apices rounded apically and directed
mesad; lateral margins sclerotized (Fig. 1B). Inferior appendages each two-segmented, basal segment long, slightly
inflated in distal half, covered with long setae; apical segment slender, approximately 1/3 as long as basal segment
(Fig. 1A); apex rounded in dorsal and lateral views (Figs. 1A, 1B). Phallus tubular, basal section enlarged and
meeting apical section at about 100º angle; apex slightly enlarged, with wide aperture; apicodorsal region rounded
and subtruncate apicoventrally (Fig. 1C). Internal sclerotized portion of ejaculatory duct, in ventral view, divided
longitudinally into four branches subapically resulting in enlarged basket-shaped region, branches reunited in
slender tube distally, ending in a double axe shape (Figs. 1D, 1E). Endothecal membranes, in ventral view, with arc
of short spines at apical margin; projection in apicomesal region saddle-like, with anterior margin concave (Fig.
1D); in lateral view, with flame-like cluster of spines (Fig. 1C); when phallus expanded apical region mace-like and
apicomesal projection with anterolateral tips spine-like (Fig. 1E).
Female and immatures. Unknown.
Diagnosis. Smicridea (R.) necator sp. nov. possibly belongs to the S. (R.) dispar Group (Flint 1974) by having
a quite simple phallus, without major lobes apically, but its placement in this group is weakly supported. In the new
species, the phallic apex is slightly enlarged and the subapical region of the ejaculatory duct has an expanded
basket-like structure, ending apically in a double axe shape. The new species is somewhat similar to S. (R.) dispar
(Banks 1905) in the shape of the phallus apex, but can be distinguished by the different processes in the apical
region of the endotheca: Smicridea (R.) necator sp. nov. possesses an arc of short spines in the apical region of
endotheca, while S. (R.) dispar has a slender mesal process and a pair of darkened, lateral structures. Additionally,
S. (R.) ralphi Almeida & Flint 2002 and the new species resemble each other in the shape of the segment IX in
dorsal view. The posterodorsal margin is highly convex and covered apically with spicules in both species.
However, the posterolateral margin is curved in S. (R.) necator sp. nov., but is straight in S. (R.) ralphi. Segment X,
in dorsal view, is divided almost completely mesally in both species, but in S. (R.) ralphi the apices of segment X
are not directed mesad as they are in the new species. Furthermore, the two species can be easily separated by the
differing structure of the phallic apparatus: in S. (R.) ralphi the internal process of the phallus apex is upturned

424 · Zootaxa 4107 (3) © 2016 Magnolia Press ROCHA ET AL.

externally with tip pointed and lateral processes sinuate. In the new species the internal process has a double axe
form and an apicomesal projection saddle-like.

FIGURE 1. Male genitalia of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) necator sp. nov., holotype: A, left lateral; B, dorsal; C–E, phallus: C,
left lateral; D, apex, ventral, with magnified inset of projection; E, expanded apex, ventral.

Distribution. Brazil, Minas Gerais state.

Etymology. The specific epithet is a masculine noun in apposition, referring to the similarity of the phallus
apex with the shape of the mouth of the parasitic nematode Necator americanus (Stiles 1902).
Material examined. Holotype male: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Delfinópolis, surrounding area of the Parque
Nacional da Serra da Canastra, afluente do Ribeirão Forquilha, 20°18’55.58”S, 46°49’59.04”W, el. 720 m,
26.iii.2015, JL Nessimian, LL Dumas, IC Rocha, ALH Oliveira & SP Gomes leg. (DZRJ).

THREE SPECIES OF SMICRIDEA FROM BRAZIL Zootaxa 4107 (3) © 2016 Magnolia Press · 425
 Paratypes: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Delfinópolis, surrounding area of the Parque Nacional da Serra da
Canastra, afluente do Ribeirão Forquilha (Cachoeira do Ézio), 20°18’54.13”S, 46°49’53.35”W, el. 730 m,
26.iii.2015, JL Nessimian, LL Dumas, IC Rocha, ALH Oliveira & SP Gomes leg., 2 males (DZRJ); Delfinópolis,
surrounding area of the Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, afluente do Ribeirão Forquilha, 20°18’55.58”S,
46°49’59.04”W, el. 720 m, 26.iii.2015, JL Nessimian, LL Dumas, IC Rocha, ALH Oliveira & SP Gomes leg., 2
males (DZRJ); Delfinópolis, surrounding area of the Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, afluente do Ribeirão
Forquilha (Serro Alegre), 20°19’20.88”S, 46°50’21.14”W, el. 682 m, 27.iii.2015, JL Nessimian, LL Dumas, IC
Rocha, ALH Oliveira & SP Gomes leg., 1 male (DZRJ).

Smicridea (Smicridea) franciscana sp. nov.

(Figures 2A–D)

Description. Adult male. Length of each forewing 4.08–4.32 mm (n = 32). Color in alcohol brown. Head and
thorax brown with dark brown setae. Antennae and legs yellowish brown, legs with short dark brown setae.
Forewings brown with dark brown setae, each with white spot on apical Cu2 vein; R1 vein thickened. Wing
venation typical for subgenus.
Male genitalia. Segment IX much longer dorsally than ventrally, with anterolateral margins straight; anterior
part of dorsal margin slightly concave, posterior part convex and bearing small spicules; posterolateral margin
oblique and sinuous; ventral margin short, rounded (Fig. 2A); in dorsal view, anterior margin strongly concave,
mesally bearing spicules; lateral margins sinuous and parallel-sided (Fig. 2B). Tergum X setose, ear-like (Fig. 2A);
in dorsal view, divided on meson 1/4 its length, each half divided into lateral and mesal lobes, each lateral lobe
slightly bilobed apically (Fig. 2B), with apex upturned in lateral view (Fig. 2A), mesal lobe shorter than lateral
lobe, mostly hidden under lateral lobe, with acute apex directed posteromesad (Fig. 2B). Inferior appendages each
two-segmented, basal segment relatively elongate, covered with long setae, slightly inflated on distal third; apical
segment slender, approximately 1/3 as long as basal segment; apex rounded (Fig. 2A); in dorsal view, apical
segment lightly inflated on distal half with subacute apex (Fig. 2B). Phallus with basal section enlarged and open
ventrally, bearing two pairs of basolateral spines: (1) first pair sclerotized, elongate, curved posterodorsad; (2)
second pair arising more distally, much shorter than first, directed laterodorsad, with sclerotized base; apical
section open apically, apex with ventral lobe entire, tongue-like, subtruncated apically (Fig. 2C), in ventral view,
oblong (Fig. 2D); endotheca with pair of long and paired spines apically, often retracted; when phallus expanded,
apical spines extending posterad beyond ventral lobe (Fig. 2D).
Female and immatures. Unknown.
Diagnosis. This species belongs to the S. (S.) nigripennis Group (Flint 1974) by sharing some phallic apparatus
diagnostic characters: (1) the basal half of the phallus is open ventrally with the sclerotized part very much
enlarged; (2) the apical half is open posterodorsally with spines extending from the membranous central portion,
and (3) the lateral and ventral regions are produced into a lobe. Smicridea (S.) franciscana sp. nov. is closest to S.
(S.) mirnae Almeida & Flint 2002 in the shape of the phallus. The new species can be distinguished by having a
tongue-like ventral lobe in lateral view, two pairs of basolateral spines and a pair of long and paired, apical spines
on the endotheca, whereas in S. (S.) mirnae the ventral lobe is produced in a single scoop-like projection, there are
no basolateral spines and seven small apical spines occur on the endotheca. Additionally, the new species is very
similar to S. (S.) multidens Flint & Denning 1989 in the shape of segments IX and X, inferior appendages, and
phallus. However, S. (S.) franciscana sp. nov. can be distinguished by having the mesoventral margin of the
segment IX rounded in lateral view, in S. (S.) multidens the ventral margin is undulated. Another useful character to
separate S. (S.) franciscana sp. nov. from this species are the spines on the phallus: Smicridea (S.) multidens
possesses (1) one pair of long, paired basolateral spines, directed posterad; (2) a basolateral plate with many short
spines; and (3) sclerotized projections with a pair of large, internal spines apically on the endotheca. However, the
new species possess two pairs of basolateral spines, the basolateral plate is indistinct, the endotheca lacks
sclerotized projections and the pair of spines is apparently 2 times longer than in S. (S.) multidens.
Distribution. Brazil, Minas Gerais state.
Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective referring to the São Francisco river basin, where part of the
Canastra mountain range is located and the material was collected.

426 · Zootaxa 4107 (3) © 2016 Magnolia Press ROCHA ET AL.

 Material examined. Holotype male: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da
Serra da Canastra, afluente do Ribeirão das Posses (Córrego dos Pombos), 20°14’56.6”S, 46°38’04.9”W, el. 997
m, 02.iv.2014, JL Nessimian, ALH Oliveira, LL Dumas & SP Gomes leg. (DZRJ).
Paratypes: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Ribeirão
das Posses (Fazenda Velha), 20°14’49.2”S, 46°38’33.4”W, el. 990 m, 01.iv.2014, JL Nessimian, ALH Oliveira, LL
Dumas & SP Gomes leg., 1 male (DZRJ); São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, afluente do
Ribeirão das Posses (Córrego dos Pombos), 20°14’56.6”S, 46°38’04.9”W, el. 997 m, 02.iv.2014, JL Nessimian,
ALH Oliveira, LL Dumas & SP Gomes leg., 30 males (DZRJ).

FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Smicridea (Smicridea) franciscana sp. nov., holotype: A, left lateral; B, dorsal; C–D, phallus: C,
left lateral; D, ventral.

Smicridea (Smicridea) sepala sp. nov.

(Figures 3A–D)

Description. Adult male. Length of each forewing 3.84–4.48 mm (n = 11). Color in alcohol brown. Head and
thorax dark brown; tegulae and head setal warts with long, dark brown setae. Antennae and legs yellowish brown,
legs with short dark brown setae. Forewings brown with dark brown setae, each with base of radial and anal veins
with white band; thin, white transverse band on subapical region; white spot on base of costal vein and apex of
Cu2. Wing venation typical for subgenus.

THREE SPECIES OF SMICRIDEA FROM BRAZIL Zootaxa 4107 (3) © 2016 Magnolia Press · 427
FIGURE 3. Male genitalia of Smicridea (Smicridea) sepala sp. nov., holotype: A, left lateral; B, dorsal; C–D, phallus: C, left
lateral; D, apex, ventral.

Male genitalia. Segment IX 4 times longer dorsally than ventrally, with anterolateral and posterior
ventrolateral margins concave and sclerotized; dorsomesally with protuberance bearing small spicules;
ventromesal margin straight, pointed anteriorly and posteriorly (Fig. 3A); in dorsal view, subrectangular;
posterodorsal margin with small spicules on narrow transverse band; lateral margins almost linear and parallel-
sided (Fig. 3B). Tergum X, in lateral view, setose, with dorsal margin concave; apex rounded, sinuous
posteroventrally (Fig. 3A); in dorsal view, divided mesally by V-shaped incision about 1/2 its length, each half with
rounded apex and lateral margin slightly sclerotized (Fig. 3B). Inferior appendages each two-segmented, basal
segment elongate, covered with long setae; apical segment short, approximately 1/3 as long as basal segment; apex

428 · Zootaxa 4107 (3) © 2016 Magnolia Press ROCHA ET AL.

rounded in dorsal and lateral views (Figs. 3A, 3B). Phallus tubular, basal section enlarged and meeting apical
section at about 70º angle; apical third enlarged ventrally, with distinct ventral projection resembling crown of stout
spines directed ventrad; distal third of ventral surface with scabrous cuticle, covered by small, scale-like
protuberances; distal third of dorsal margin concave and sinuous subapically; apex truncate (Fig. 3C); in ventral
view, crown of spines at 2/3 length arranged in two curved longitudinal rows of bicuspid teeth (Fig. 3D). Internal
sclerotized portion of ejaculatory duct, in lateral view, without projection, with apex ending in plate with two acute
tips, one dorsal, near apex, and one apical (Fig. 3C); in ventral view, apex of plate with pair of dorsolateral lobes
and ventromedial lobe with arrow-like sclerotized region (Fig. 3D).
Female and immatures. Unknown.
Diagnosis. Smicridea (S.) sepala sp. nov. is assigned to the S. (S.) fasciatella Group (Flint 1974) based on the
structure of the phallus, which is a simple tube with eversible sclerites at the apex. The new species differs from all
other species in the genus by the unique crown-like ventral projection of stout spines at 2/3 of the length of the
phallus.
Distribution. Brazil, Minas Gerais state.
Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective referring to the distinct crown of stout spines of the phallus, in
lateral view resembling a set of flower sepals.
Material examined. Holotype male: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Delfinópolis, surrounding area of the Parque
Nacional da Serra da Canastra, confluência do Ribeirão Grande e Córrego Mata do Engenho, 20°31’20.20”S,
46°30’37.57”W, el. 661 m, 24.iii.2015, JL Nessimian, LL Dumas, IC Rocha, ALH Oliveira & SP Gomes leg.,
(DZRJ).
Paratypes: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Delfinópolis, surrounding area of the Parque Nacional da Serra da
Canastra, confluência do Ribeirão Grande e Córrego Mata do Engenho, 20°31’20.20”S, 46°30’37.57”W, el. 661 m,
24.iii.2015, JL Nessimian, LL Dumas, IC Rocha, ALH Oliveira & SP Gomes leg., 6 males (DZRJ); Delfinópolis,
surrounding area of the Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Pousada Mata do Engenho, 20°31’01.11”S,
46°30’53.38”W, el. 700 m, 24.iii.2015, JL Nessimian, LL Dumas, IC Rocha, ALH Oliveira & SP Gomes leg., 2
males (DZRJ); Delfinópolis, surrounding area of the Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, afluente do Ribeirão
das Bateias (Córrego Lavrinha), 20°26’28.47”S, 46°40’10.92”W, el. 683 m, 25.iii.2015, JL Nessimian, LL Dumas,
IC Rocha, ALH Oliveira & SP Gomes leg., 1 male (DZRJ); Delfinópolis, surrounding area of the Parque Nacional
da Serra da Canastra, afluente do Ribeirão do Claro, 20°20’55.63”S, 46°48’12.01”W, el. 692 m, 27.iii.2015, JL
Nessimian, LL Dumas, IC Rocha, ALH Oliveira & SP Gomes leg., 1 male (DZRJ).

New record

Smicridea (Smicridea) sattleri Denning & Sykora 1968

(Figure 3 in Denning & Sykora 1968)

Remarks. Smicridea (S.) sattleri can be easily distinguished from others species of S. (Smicridea) by the presence
of paired crescent-shaped and single Y-shaped internal plates on the endothecal membrane of the phallic apparatus.
This species was originally described from a waterfall on Iporanga beach, Guarujá municipality, São Paulo state,
southeastern Brazil. Herein, this species is reported for the first time from Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil
(São Francisco river headwater at São Roque de Minas municipality).
Material examined. Brazil: Minas Gerais State: São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da
Canastra, nascente do Rio São Francisco, 20°14’37.2”S 46°26’47.2”W, el. 1364 m, 30.iii.2014, JL Nessimian, LL
Dumas, ALH Oliveira & SP Gomes leg., 1 male (DZRJ).

Acknowledgements

This work was largely supported through the Laboratório de Entomologia (UFRJ) team, Conselho Nacional de
Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
(FAPERJ) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). The Instituto Brasileiro

THREE SPECIES OF SMICRIDEA FROM BRAZIL Zootaxa 4107 (3) © 2016 Magnolia Press · 429
do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da
Biodiversidade (ICMBio) and the Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra are thanked for issuing collecting permits
and allowing us to use their field facilities.

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