SYNONYMS

IT IS ONE OF THE DATABASE OBJECT

IT IS PARMENTALY STORED IN DATABASE SERVER
SYNONYMS ARE CALLED AS ALIAS NAME FOR TABLES
IT IS USED TO HIDE OWNER NAME, ACTUAL OBJECT NAME
USING SYNONYMS TABLE CAN BE MANUPLIATE (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE)
ADVANTAGES
TO HIDE OWNER NAME, TABLE NAME
TO SECURE BASE TABLE DATA
USING SYNONYMS BASE TABLE MANUPLIATION IS DONE
SYNTAX : -
CREATE SYNONYM SYNONYM_NAME FOR OWNER NAME.T N
SYNONYM FOR VIEW TABLE
SYNTAX :-
CREATE SYNONYM SYNONYM_NAME FOR VIEW_ NAME

DIFFERENCE B/W VIEWS AND SYNONYMS

VIEW CAN BE CREATED BY USING SINGLE TABLE OR MULTIPLE TABLES
VIEW IS VIRTUAL / LOGICAL TABLE TO THE BASE TABLE
VIEW DOES NOT OCCUPIE ANY SPACE IN THE DATABASE
SYNONYMS CAN BE CREATED ON SINGLE TABLE, VIEW, INDEX
SYNONYMS NEED SOME SPACE TO STORE THE DATA
USED TO HIDE THE OWNER_NAME, DATABASE NAME
 INDEXES
BST MEANS FIRST THE ENTIRE DATA IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS ie.,50=50.
THE FIRST DATA AND SECOND HALF DATA IS ARRANGED IN ASCENDING ORDER.
INDEX PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE WHEN A DATA IS TO BE SEARCHED IN BULK RECORDS.
WHEN THE DATA IS SEARCHED IN THE NORMAL TABLE IT USES "sequential search"
TECHNIQUE.
THIS TECHNIQUE IS TIME CONSUMING PROCESS OR IT LEADS TO WASTAGE OF TIME.
OPERATION
WHEN THE DATA IS SEARCHED WITH "SEQUENTIAL TECHNIQUE" FIRST IT ARRANGE THE
DATA IN "ASCENDING ORDER" OF THAT COLUMN AND THEN STARTS REARCHING.
WHEN EVER IT FOUNDS THE VALUE IT STOPS THE SEARCHING PROCESS AND FETCH THE
DATA
AGAIN AND AGAIN SORTING THE DATA OF THAT COLUMN IN ASCENDING ORDER CAN BE
OVERCOME BY CREATING "INDEX"
DEFINATION
IN INDEX A SEPARATE INDEX STRUCTURE (BST) IS CREATED THAT INCLUDES SEARCH
KEY VALUE AND ADDRES OF A RECORD AND INDEX ALWAYS STORES THE DATA IN
ASCENDING OADER
TYPES OF INDEX:-
1)CLUSTERED INDEX
2)NON-CLUSTERED INDEX
3)UNIQUE INDEX
1)CLUSTERED INDEX:-
THE CLUSTERED INDEX IS SAME AS THE PRIMARY KEY. IF ONCE THE
PRIMARY KEY IS USED IN A TABLE THEN THEIR IS NO NEED OF CLUSTERED INDEX.
CLUSTERED INDEX WILL ALTER THE PHYSICALL REPRSENTATION OF ROWS IN TABLE.
A TABLE CAN HAVE ONLY ONE CLUSTERED INDEX
THIS WILL ALWAYS ARRANGE THE DATA IN SORTED ORDER AT ALL LEVEL
2) NON-CLUSTERED INDEX
THE DATA IS STORED IN ONE PLACE AND THE INDEX IS STORED IN ANOTHER PLACE
THE INDEX WILL HAVETHE POINTER TO THE STORAGE LOCATION OF DATA.
THE NON-CLUSTERED INDEX IS STORED SEPARATELY FROM THE ACTUAL DATA.
i.e. SOME SPACE IS NEED TO STORE THE DATA SEPARATLY
A TABLE CAN HAVE MORETHAN ONE NON-CLUSTERED INDEX BECAUSE THE NON-
CLUSTERED INDEX IS STORED SEPARATLY
STORES THE DATA EITHER ASCENDING OR DESCENDING ORDER OF THE INDEX KEY
SYNTAX :-
CREATE NON-CLUSTERED INDEX NON_CLUS ON EMP (COL1)
EXAMPLE :-
CREATE NON-CLUSTERED INDEX NON_CLUS ON EMP(ENAME)

UNIQUE INDEX
THIS INDEX CAN BE CREATED ONLY ON THOSE COLUMNS WHICH CONTAINS
UNIQUE DATA (DATA IN THE COLUMN SHOULD BE UNIQUE)
THIS INDEX IS AUTOMATICALY CREATED WHEN UNIQE CONSTRAINT IS CREATED ON A
COLUMN
OR
*BY DEFAULT PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT WILL CERATE A UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX
*BY DEFAULT UNIQUE CONSTRAINT CREATES A UNIQUE NON-CLUSTERED INDEX
HOW TO ALTER THE INDEX
ALTER TABLE T.N ADD CONSTRAINT CONTRAINT_NAME UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX(CITY)
TO SEE THE INDEX IN A TABLE
SP_HELPINDEX T.N

DROP INDEX T.N.INDEX_NAME

ADVANTAGES
CLUSTERED INDEX IS BIT FASTER THAN NON-CLUSTERED INDEX, BECAUSE NON-CLUSTERED
INDEX IS STORED IN SEPARATE DISK SPACE