Percent composition

Give the % composition of all elements in these compounds. Show all work!
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1) ammonium sulfite
(NH₄)₂SO₃ % N 24.12 (28.014/116.135)*100%=24.12%
N₂=2(14.007)=28.014 % H 6.94 (8.064/116.135)*100%=6.94%
H₈=8(1.008)=8.064 % S 27.61 (32.06/116.135)*100%=27.61%
S=32.06 % O 41.33 (47.997/116.135)*100%=41.33%
O₃=3(15.999)=47.997
47.997+32.06+28.014+8.064=116.135g/mol

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2) aluminum acetate
Al(CH₃COO)₃ % Al 13.22 (26.982/204.114)*100%=13.22%
Al=26.982 %C 35.31 (72.066/204.114)*100%=35.31%
C₆=6(12.011)=72.066 %H 4.44 (9.072/204.114)*100%=4.44%
H₉=9(1.008)=9.072 %O 47.03 (95.994/204.114)*100%=47.03%
O₆=6(15.999)=95.994
95.994+72.066+26.982+9.072=204.114g/mol
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3) sodium bromide
NaBr % Na 22.34 (22.99/102.894)*100%=22.34%
Na=22.99 % Br 77.66 (79.904/102.894)*100%=77.66%
Br=79.904
79.904+22.99=102.894g/mol
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4) copper (II) hydroxide

Cu(OH)₂ % Cu 65.12 (63.546/97.56)*100%=65.13%
Cu=63.546 % O 32.80 (31.998/97.56)*100%=32.80%
O₂=2(15.999)=31.998 % H 2.07 (2.016/97.56)*100%=2.07%
H₂=2(1.008)=2.016
63.546+31.998+2.016=97.56g/mol
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5) magnesium carbonate
MgCO₃ % Mg 28.83 (24.305/84.313)*100%=28.83%
Mg=24.305 % C 14.24 (12.011/84.313)*100%=14.24%
C=12.011 % O 56.93 (47.997/84.313)*100%=56.93%
O₃=3(15.999)=47.997
47.997+24.305+12.011=84.313g/mol
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6) iron (II) phosphate
Fe₃(PO₄)₂ % Fe 46.87 (167.535/357.475)*100%=46.87%
Fe₃=3(55.845)=167.535 % P 17.33 (61.948/357.475)*100%=17.33%
P₂=2(30.974)=61.948 % O 35.80 (127.992/357.475)*100%=35.80%

O₈=8(15.999)=127.992
167.535+127.992+61.948=357.475g/mol
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7) beryllium nitride
Be₃N₂ % Be 77.60 (97.0366/125.0506)*100%=77.60%
Be₃=3(9.0122)=97.0366 % N 22.40 (28.014/125.0506)*100%=22.40%
N₂=28.014

97.0366+28.014= 125.0506g/mol

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8) potassium cyanide
KCN % K 60.04 (39.098/65.116)*100%=60.04%
K=39.098 % C 18.45 (12.011/65.116)*100%=18.45%
C=12.011 % N 21.51 (14.007/65.116)*100%=21.51%
N=14.007

39.098+14.007+12.011=65.116g/mol

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9) manganese (III) nitrate

Mn(NO₃)₂ % Mn 30.70 (54.939/178.946)*100%=30.70%
Mn=54.938 % N 15.66 (28.014/178.946)*100%=15.66%
N₂=28.014 % O 53.64 (95.994/178.946)*100%=53.64%

O₆=95.994
95.994+54.938+28.014=178..946g/mol
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10) lithium phosphide

Li₃P % Li 40.20 (20.82/51.794)*100%=40.20%
Li₃=3(6.94)=20.82 P=30.974 % P 59.80 (30.974/51.794)*100%=59.80%
30.974+20.82=51.794g/mol

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11) nickel (III) sulfate

NiSO₄ % Ni 37.68 (58.693/155.749)*100%=37.68%
Ni=58.693 S=32.06 O₄=64.996 % S 20.59 (32.06/155.749)*100%=20.59%
64.996+58.693+32.06=155.749g/mol % O 41.73 (64.996/155.749)*100%=41.73%
 Empirical Formula

Find the empirical formula for each of the following substances. The concentration is given.

1. 88.8% copper, 11.2% oxygen

Cu: 88.8/63.55= 1.4/0.7= 2 -> Cu₂O
O: 11.2/16= 0.7/0.7= 1

2. 40.0% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, 53.3% oxygen

C: 40/12= 3.33/3.33= 1 -> CH₂O
H: 6.7/1= 6.7/3.33= 2
O: 53.3/16= 3.33/3.33= 1

3. 92.3% carbon, 7.7% hydrogen

C: 92.3/12= 7.7/7.7= 1 -> CH
H: 7.7/1= 7.7/7.7= 1

4. 70.0% iron, 30.0% oxygen

Fe: 70/55.85= 1.25/1.25= 1*2= 2 -> Fe₂O₃
O: 30/16= 1.875/1.25= 1.5*2= 3

5. 5.88% hydrogen, 94.12% oxygen

H: 5.88/1= 5.88/5.88= 1 -> HO
O: 94.12/16= 5.88/5.88= 1

6. 79.90% copper, 20.10% oxygen

Cu: 79.9/63.55= 1.26/1.26= 1 -> CuO
O: 20.1/16= 1.26/1.26= 1

7. 56.4% potassium, 8.7% carbon, 34.9% oxygen

K: 56.4/39.1= 1.44/0.72= 2 -> K₂CO₃
C: 8.7/12= 0.72/0.72= 1
O: 34.9/16= 2.18/0.72= 3

8. 10.04 % carbon, 0.84% hydrogen, 89.12% chlorine

C: 10.04/12= 0.84/0.84= 1 -> CHCl₃
H: 0.84/1= 0.84/0.84= 1
Cl: 89.12/35.45= 2.52/0.84= 3
9. 42.50% chromium, 57.50% chlorine
Cr: 42.5/52= 0.8/0.8= 1 -> CrCl₂
Cl: 57.5/35.45= 1.6/0.8= 2

10. 15.8% carbon, 84.2% sulfur

C: 15.8/12= 1.3/1.3= 1 -> CS₂
S: 84.2/32= 2.6/1.3= 2

11. 30.43% nitrogen, 69.57% oxygen

N: 30.43/14= 2.17/2.17= 1 -> NO₂
O: 69.57/16= 4.34/2.17= 2

12. 82.40% nitrogen, 17.60% hydrogen

N: 82.43/14= 5.9/5.9= 1-> NH₃
H: 17.6/1= 17.7/5.9= 3

13. 12.5% hydrogen, 37.5% carbon, 50.0% oxygen

H: 12.5/1= 12.5/3.125= 4 -> H₄CO
C: 37.5/12= 3.125/3.125=1
O: 50/16= 3.125/3.125= 1

14. 75.0% carbon, 25.0% hydrogen

C: 75/12= 6.25/6.25= 1 -> CH₄
H: 25/1= 25/6.25= 4

15. 29.40% calcium, 23.56% sulfur, 47.04% oxygen

Ca: 29.4/40= 0.735/0.735=1 CaSO₄
S: 23.56/32= 0.735/0.735= 1
O: 47.04/16= 2.94/0.734= 4

16. 38.67: potassium, 13.85% nitrogen, 47.48% oxygen

K: 38.64/39.1= 0.99/0.99= 1 -> KNO₃
N: 13.85/14= 0.99/0.99= 1
O: 47.48/16= 2.97/0.99= 3

17. 60.0% magnesium, 40.0% oxygen

Mg: 60/24.3= 2.5/2.5= 1 -> MgO
O: 40/16= 2.5/2.5= 1

18. 52.94% aluminum, 47.06% oxygen

Al: 52.94/27= 1.96/1.96= 1*2= 2 -> Al₂O₃
O: 47.06/16= 2.94/1.96= 1.5*2= 3
 19. 72.40% iron, 27.60% oxygen
Fe: 72.4/55.85= 1.3/1.3= 1*3= 3 -> Fe₃O₄
O: 27.6/16= 1.72/1.3= 1.32*3= 4

20. 52.0% zinc, 9.6% carbon, 38.4 % oxygen

Zn: 52/65.38= 0.8= 1 -> ZnCO₂
C: 9.8/12= 0.8/0.8= 1
O: 38.4/16= 2.4/0.8= 2

The Mole and Percentage Composition Review

1.Determine the number of moles present in each of the following

a. 17.4 g Na b. 60.0 g Na2SO4 c. 93.5 g CO2 d. 25.6 g NaNO3

a.Na=22.99 17.4*(1/22.99)=17.4*0.043=0.7482moles b.Na2SO4=142.036 60*(1/142.036)=60*0.007)=0.42moles

c.CO2=44.009 93.5*(1/44.009)=93.5*0.023=2.1505moles d.NaNO3=84.994 25.6*(1/84.994)=25.6*0.012=0.3072moles

2.Determine the number of grams present in each of the following (Reverse of #1)

a.0.75 mol Ca(OH)2 b.2.45 mol Cu(NO3)2 c.1.0 mol H2O d.0.20 mol KCl e.0.50 mol H2O2
a. Ca(OH)2= 74.092 0.75*74.092=55.569g

b. Cu(NO3)2=83.608g 2.45*83.608=204.8396g

c. H2O= 18.015g 1.0*18.015=18.015

d. KCl= 74.548g 0.20*74.548=14.9096g

e. H2O2= 34.024g 0.5*34.034=17.017g

 3.Determine the number of molecules in each of the following

a. 15.0 g SO2 b. 2.5 g CO c. 0.40 g HC2H3O2 d. 0.70 g C6H12O6

a.SO2=64.058 (15g/1)*(1mol/64.058)*(6.022*10^23molecules/1mol)=1.41*10^23molecules SO2

b.CO=28.01 (2.5g/1)*(1mol/28.01)*(6.022*10^23molecules/1mol)=5.375*10^22molecules CO

c.HC2H3O2=59.044 (0.40g/1)*(1mol/59.044)*(6.022*10^23molecules/1mol)=4.08*10^21molecules HC2H3O2

d.C6H12O6=180.156 (0.70g/1)*(1mol/180.156)*(6.022*10^23molecules/1mol)=0.0233*10^23molecules C6H12O6 OR 2.33*10^21molecules C6H12O6

4.Determine the number of atoms in each of the following

a. 22g NH3 b. 2.28 g Ca3(PO4)2 c. 45.5 g C3H8 d. 0.20 g Na2S2O3

a. NH3=42.357g/mol 22g*(1mol/42.357)=0.519 0.519*(6.022*10^23/1mol)= 3.125*10^23 atoms NH3

b. Ca3(PO4)2=206.10g/mol 2.28g*(1mol/206.10)=0.011 0.011*(6.022*10^23/1mol)= 6.624*10^23 atoms Ca3(PO4)2

c. C3H8= 44.097g/mol 45.5g*(1mol/44.097)=1.031 1.031*(6.022*10^23mol)= 6.209*10^23 atoms C3H8

d. Na2S2O3=158.097g/mol 0.20g*(1mol/158.097)=0.001 0.001*(6.022*10^23/1mol)= 6.022*10^20 atoms Na2S2O3

5.Determine the percentage composition for each of the following

a. PbS b. H2CO3 c. CO2 d. NH4Cl e. Mg(IO3)2 f. KMnO4

a. Pb=207.2 S=32.06 PbS=239.26

Pb-(207.2/239.26)*100%=86.6% S-(32.06/239.26)*100%=13.4% Pb=86.60, S=13.40%
b. H2=2.016 C=12.011 O3=47.997 H2CO3=62.024
H-(2.016/62.024)*100%=3.26%, C-(12.011/62.024)*100%=19.36%, O-(47.997/62.024)*100%=77.38 H=3.26%, C=19.36%, O=77.38%
c. C=12.011 O2=31.998 CO2=44.009
C-(12.011/44.009)*100%=27.30%, O-(31.998/44.009)*100%=72.70% C=27.30%, O=72.70
d. N=14.007, H4=4.032, Cl=35.45, NH4Cl=53.489
N-(14.007/53.489)*100%=26.19%, H4-(4.032/53.489)*100%=7.54%, Cl-(35.45/53.489)*100%=66.27% N=26.19%, H=7.54%, Cl=66.27%
e. Mg=24.305, I2=253.8, O6=95.994, Mg(IO3)2=374.099
Mg-(24.305/374.099)*100%=6.5%, I2-(253.8/374.099)*100%=67.84%, O6-(95.994/374.099)*100%=25.66% Mg=6.5%, I=67.84%, O=25.66%
f. K=39.098, Mn=54.938, O4=63.996, KMnO4=158.032
K-(39.098/158.032)*100%=24.74%, Mn-(54.938/158.032)*100%=34.76%, O4-(63.996/158.032)*100%=40.5% K=24.74%,Mn=34.76%,O=40.5%
 6.Determine the empirical and molecular formulas for each of the following

Percent Composition Molar Masses

a. 64.9% C, 13.5% H, 21.6% O 74 g/mol
b. 52.2% C, 13.0% H, 34.8% O 46 g/mol
c. 39.9% C, 6.7% H, 53.4% O 60 g/mol
d. 26.7% C, 2.2% H, 71.7% O 90 g/mol
e. 12.1% C, 16.2% H, 71.1% Cl 99 g/mol
f. 20.2% Al, 79.8% Cl 267 g/mol
g. 40.3% B, 52.2% N, 7.5% H 80 g/mol

a. EF- C: 64.9/12=5.4/1.35=4 MF- C4H10O=74g/mole Empirical Formula -> C4H10O

H: 13.5/1.01=13.5/1.35=10 MW/EW=74/74=1 Molecular Formula -> C4H10O
O: 21.6/16=1.35/1.35=1 MF=C4H10O
EF=C4H10O
b. EF- C: 52.2/12=4.35/2.175=2 MF- C2H6O=46g/mole Empirical Formula -> C2H6O
H: 13.0/1.01=13.0/2.175=6 MW/EW=46/46=1 Molecular Formula -> C2H6O
O: 34.8/16=2.175/2.175=1 MF=C2H6O
EF=C2H6O
c. EF- C: 39.9/12=3.33/3.33=1 MF- CH2O=30g/mole Empirical Formula -> CH2O
H: 6.7/1.01=6.7/3.33=2 MW/EW=60/30=2 Molecular Formula -> C2H4O2
O: 53.4/16=3.33/3.33=1 MF=C2H4O2
EF=CH2O
d. EF- C: 26.7/12=2.2/2.2=1 MF- CHO2=45g/mole Empirical Formula -> CHO2
H: 2.2/1.01= 2.2/2.2=1 MW/EW=90/45=2 Molecular Formula -> C2H2O4
O: 71.7/16= 4.4/2.2=2 MF=C2H2O4
EF=CHO2
e. EF- C: 12.1/12=1/1= 1 MF- CH16Cl2=99g/mole Empirical Formula -> CH16Cl2
H: 16.2/1.01=16/1= 16 MW/EW=99/99=1 Molecular Formula -> CH16Cl2
Cl: 71.1/35.5= 2 MF=CH16Cl2
EF=CH16Cl2
f. EF- Al: 20.2/27=0.75/0.75= 1 MF- AlCl3=133.5g/mole Empirical Formula -> AlCl 3
Cl: 79.8/35.45=2.25/0.75= 3 MW/EW=267/133.5=2 Molecular Formula -> Al 2Cl6
EF=AlCl3 MF=Al2Cl6
g. EF- B: 40.3/10.8=3.75/3,75= 1 MF- BNH3= 26.66g/mole Empirical Formula -> BNH3
N: 52.2/14=3.75/3.75= 1 MW/EW= 80/26.66=3 Molecular Formula -> B3N3H9
H: 7.5/1=7.5/3.75= 2 MF=B3N3H9
EF=BNH3
 7.Acetone, a liquid often used as nail polish remover, is found to contain 62.0% carbon,
10.4% hydrogen, and 27.5% oxygen. If its molecular mass is found to be 58.1 µ,
determine its molecular formula.

EF- C: 62/12=5.16/1.72= 3 MF- C3H6O=58.1 Molecular Formula -> MF=C3H6O

H: 10.4/1=10.4/1.72= 6 MW/EW=58.1/58.1= 1
O: 27.5/16=1.71875/1.72= 1 MF=C3H6O
EF:C3H6O