Z-SCORE

THE Z-SCORE
▪ Number of standard deviations from mean for a particular
data point.

𝜇 − 3𝜎 𝜇 − 2𝜎 𝜇 − 1𝜎 𝜇 𝜇 + 1𝜎 𝜇 + 2𝜎 𝜇 + 3𝜎

THE Z-SCORE
 THE Z-SCORE
▪ Number of standard deviations from mean for a particular
data point.

Formula:
𝑿−𝝁
𝒛=
𝝈
Where:
z → z – score/ standard score
X→ Given Measurement
𝛍 → population mean
𝛔 → standard deviation
Ex.1: In a population of reading scores, the mean is 68,
and standard deviation is 5. Find the z-value that
corresponds to a score of X = 73.
Given: 𝜇 = 68; 𝜎 = 5; X = 73;
𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
73−68
𝑧 =
5
5
𝑧 =
5

𝑧=1 53 58 63 68 73 78 83
Ex.2: Given 𝑿 = 𝟓𝟎, 𝝁 = 𝟕𝟖, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝝈 = 𝟏𝟏. Find the z value that
corresponds to a score of X = 50.

𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
50−78
𝑧=
11
−28
𝑧=
11

𝑧 = −2.55 45 56 67 78 89 100 111

50
-2.55
Ex.3: The weights of the students in a certain year level
are normally distributed with a mean of 60 kilograms and
standard deviation of 3.5 kg. Find the z-score that
corresponds to a weight of 55 kilograms.
Given: 𝜇 = 60 𝜎 = 3.5 𝑋 = 55
Solution:
𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
55−60
𝑧=
3.5
−5 49.5 53 56.5 60 63.5 67 70.5
𝑧=
3.5 ≈ −1.43 55
-1.43
Example 4: The average score of the 500 students who took
the math departmental exam is 78 with a standard
deviation of 11. Find the z-values that correspond to a
score of 50 and 83.
Given: 𝜇 = 78 𝜎 = 11 𝑋 = 50 and 83
Solution:
• 𝑋 = 50 • 𝑋 = 83
𝑋−𝜇 𝑋−𝜇
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
𝜎 𝜎
50−78 83−78
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
11
11 45 56 67 78 89 100 111
−28 5
𝑧 = ≈ −2.55 𝑧 = ≈ 0.45 50 83
11 11 -2.55 0.45
Example 5: The weights of 1000 children in a school are
normally distributed with a mean of 50 kg and a standard
deviation of 5 kg. Find the z value that corresponds to a
weight of 45.
Solution: Given: 𝜇 = 50 𝜎=5 𝑋 = 45

45−50
𝑧=
5
−5
𝑧=
5

𝑧 = −1
35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Example 6: The weights of 1000 children in a school are
normally distributed with a mean of 50 kg and a standard
deviation of 5 kg. What is the corresponding z score for
weights of 37kg and 52kg?
Given: 𝜇 = 50 𝜎=5 𝑋 = 37 and 52
Solution:
• 𝑋 = 37 • 𝑋 = 52
𝑋−𝜇 𝑋−𝜇
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
𝜎 𝜎
37−50 52−50
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
5 5
35 40 45 50 55 60 65
−13 2
𝑧 = ≈ −2.6 𝑧 = ≈ 0.4 37 52
5 5 -2.6 0.4
Example 7: A mathematics score is 74. if it is given
that 𝜇 = 80 and 𝝈 = 𝟔. Find the area that corresponds to a
z-score
Given: 𝜇 = 80 X = 74 𝜎=6

𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
74−80
𝑧 =
6
−6
𝑧 = 62 68 74 80 86 92 98
6
𝑃 𝑧 = 1 = 0.3413 𝑜𝑟 34.13%
𝒛 = −𝟏
Example 8: The weights of the students in a certain year level are
normally distributed with a mean of 60 kilograms and standard
deviation of 3.5 kg. Find the probability that a students randomly
selected from this group weights less than 55 kilograms.

Given: 𝜇 = 60 𝜎 = 3.5 𝑋 = 55

𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
55−60
𝑧=
3.5
49.5 53 56.5 60 63.5 67 70.5
−5
𝑧=
3.5 ≈ −1.43 55
-1.43
0.5

0.4236

P X < 55 = 0.5 − 0.4236

P X < 55 = 0.0764 or 7.64%

Example 9: The average score of the 500 students who took
the math departmental exam is 78 with a standard
deviation of 11. Find the percentage of the total
students who scored from 50 to 83.
Given: 𝜇 = 78 𝜎 = 11 𝑋 = 50 and 83
Solution:
• 𝑋 = 50 • 𝑋 = 83
𝑋−𝜇 𝑋−𝜇
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
𝜎 𝜎
50−78 83−78
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
11 11
45 56 67 78 89 100 111
−28 5
𝑧 = ≈ −2.55 𝑧 = ≈ 0.45 50 83
11 11 -2.55 0.45
 0.1736
0.4946

To find the percentage:

𝑃 50 < 𝑋 < 55 = 0.4946 + 0.1736
𝑃 50 < 𝑋 < 55 = 0.6682 = 66.82%
Example 10: The weights of 1000 children in a school are
normally distributed with a mean of 50 kg and a standard
deviation of 5 kg. How many children weigh below 45 kg?
Solution: Given: 𝜇 = 50 𝜎=5 𝑋 = 45
45−50
𝑧=
5
−5
𝑧= = −1
5

𝑃 𝑋 < 45 = 0.5 − 0.3413

35 40 45 50 55 60 65
𝑃 𝑋 < 45 = 0.1587 𝑜𝑟 15.87%
15.87% × 1000 = 158.7
∴ 159 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 45𝑘𝑔
Example 11: The test scores of a physics class
with 800 students are normally distributed with
a mean of 75 and standard deviation of 7.
a) What percentage of the class has a test
score between 68 and 82?
b) Approximately how many students have a test
score between 61 and 89?
Example 11: The test scores of a physics class with 800 students are
normally distributed with a mean of 75 and standard deviation of 7.
a) What percentage of the class has a test score between 68 and
82?
Solution:
To find the percentage of the class that
has a test score between 68 and 82?

𝑃 68 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 82 = 0.3413 + 0.3413
𝑷 𝟔𝟖 ≤ 𝑿 ≤ 𝟖𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟐𝟔 or 68.26%

54 61 68 75 82 89 96
Example 11: The test scores of a physics class with 800 students are
normally distributed with a mean of 75 and standard deviation of 7.
b) Approximately how many students have a test score
between 61 and 89?
Solution:
To find how many students have a test
score between 61 and 89?

𝑃 61 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 89 = 0.4772 + 0.4772
𝑷 𝟔𝟏 ≤ 𝑿 ≤ 𝟖𝟗 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝟒𝟒 or 95.44%
95.44% × 800 = 763.52
∴ 764 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
Example 12: The weights of 1000 children in a school are
normally distributed with a mean of 50 kg and a standard
deviation of 5 kg. How many children weigh between 37kg to
52kg?
Given: 𝜇 = 50 𝜎=5 𝑋 = 37 and 52
Solution:
• 𝑋 = 37 • 𝑋 = 52
𝑋−𝜇 𝑋−𝜇
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
𝜎 𝜎
37−50 52−50
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
5 5
35 40 45 50 55 60 65
−13 2
𝑧 = ≈ −2.6 𝑧 = ≈ 0.4 37 52
5 5 -2.6 0.4
To find how many children weigh between 37kg to 52kg:
𝑃 37 < 𝑋 < 52 = 0.4953 + 0.1554
𝑃 37 < 𝑋 < 52 = 0.6507 𝑜𝑟 65.07%
0.6507 × 1000 = 650.7 → 651 children
Example 13: The average Pag-ibig salary loan from RFS Pharmacy Inc.
employees is P23,000. If the debt is normally distributed with a
standard deviation of P2,500, find the probability that the
employee owes less than P18,500.
Solution: Given: 𝜇 = 23,000; 𝜎 = 2,500; 𝑋 = 18,500
𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎

18,500−23,000
𝑧= = −1.8
2,500

𝑃 𝑧 = −1.8 = 0.5 − 0.4641

30,500
28,000
23,000

25,500
15, 500

18,000

20,500

𝑷 𝒛 = −𝟏. 𝟖 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟗 or 𝟑. 𝟓𝟗%

18,500
Example 14: The average age of bank managers is 40 years.
Assume the variable is normally distributed. If the standard
deviation is 5 years, find the probability that the age of a
randomly selected bank manager will be in the range between
35 and 46 years old.
Solution: Given: 𝜇 = 40; 𝜎 = 5; 𝑋 = 35 & 46
𝑋−𝜇 46−40
𝑧= ; 𝑧= = 1.2
𝜎 5

𝑃 35 < 𝑋 < 46 = 0.3413 + 0.3849

𝑷 𝟑𝟓 < 𝑿 < 𝟒𝟔 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟐𝟔𝟐 or 72.62%
25 30 35 40 45 50 55

46
1.2
Example 15: The scores of 120 students in a Statistics
test is normally distributed with a mean of 88 and
standard deviation of 5. how many students got a score
of below 96?
Solution: Given: 𝜇 = 88; 𝜎 = 5; 𝑋 = 96
𝑋−𝜇 96−88
𝑧= ; 𝑧= = 1.6
𝜎 5

𝑃 𝑋 < 96 = 0.5 + 0.4452

𝑃 𝑋 < 96 = 0.9452 or 94.52%

73 78 83 88 93 98 103
120 × 94.52% = 113.42 → 113
96 ∴ there are 113 students who
1.6
got a score below 96.
 DLP # 3
Solve the following problem:
1. The salaries of 30 teachers in a small school are normally
distributed with a mean of ₱24,300 with a standard deviation of
₱4,365. Assuming normality of the data, how many of the teachers
(a)receive a salary of ₱20,000 and below?
(b)receive a salary above ₱30,000?
2. The average temperature recorded in the city for the month of
January this year is 17.130 𝐶 with a standard deviation of 2.230 𝐶.
Assuming a normally distributed data, find the probability that
January next year, the city will have a temperature
(a)below 130 𝐶.
(b)more than 150 𝐶 but not over 190 𝐶.
3. The average score of a class in a statistics examination is 65
out of 100 with a standard deviation of 10. What percent of
students have a score below 75?