1.

2
PLANTS
ORGAN
SYSTEM
LEAVES AND ROOTS
PARTS OF PLANT
PLANTS HAVE TWO DISTRICT ORGAN
SYSTEM :

1.The root system, which supports the

plants and absorbs water and minerals,
is usually underground.

2.The shoot system consists stems,

leaves, and the reproductive parts of the
plant (flowers and fruits). The shoot
system generally grows above ground,
where it absorbs the light needed for
photosynthesis.
A.
THE SHOOT
SYSTEMS
FUNCTIONS AND HOW TO ADSORB WATER
1.
LEAVES
CHLOROPHYLL, STRUCTURE AND WHAT INSIDE A LEAF
CHLOROPHYLL

Most leaves are green. this is because

they contain a green pigment called
chlorophyll. (a pigmen is a coloured
substance).

Chlorophyll is essential for

photosynthesis. chlorophyll captures
energy from light. the leaf can then use
this energy to make food.
THE STRUCTURE OF LEAF

•Leaves are the main sites for

photosynthesis
•Typical leaves are attached
to the plant stem by a petiole,
though there are also leaves
that attach directly to the
plant stem.
•The vascular tissue (xylem
and phloem) run through
veins in the leaf, which also
provide structural support.
THE STRUCTURE OF LEAF
WHAT'S INSIDE A LEAF?
TYPES OF LEAVES
SUMMARY

1 2 3

•Leaves are adapted •Leaves are green •Leaves have tiny holes
to carry out because they contain in their lower surfaces,
photosynthesis. the green pigment called stomata, which
chlorophyll, which allow carbon dioxide to
absorbs energy from get into the leaf from
light. the air.
B.
STEMS
FUNCTION
•Their main function is to provide support to the
plant, holding leaves, flowers and buds.
•Of course they also connect the roots to the
leaves, transporting absorbed water and
minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant,
and transporting sugars from the leaves (the
site of photosynthesis) to desired locations
throughout the plant.
•Plant stems are characterized by the presence
of nodes and internodes.
•Nodes are points of attachment for leaves and
flowers; internodes are the regions of stem
between two nodes.
B.
ROOTS
FUNCTIONS AND HOW TO ADSORB WATER
 Functions of roots
THE ROOTS SYSTEM 1.Roots absorb water and minerals
from the soil. These are then
transported to all the other parts of the
plant.
2.Roots anchor the plant firmly in the
ground, so it is not pulled out when the
wind blows strongly, or when an animal
pulls on the leaves.
3.Some plants store food in their roots.
4.When conditions are difficult (for
example, in a cold winter, or a dry
summer) some plants allow their
above ground parts to die. Only the
underground roots continue to live.
New shoots grow from the roots when
conditions become better.
TYPES OF ROOT SYSTEMS
1. TAP ROOT SYSTEMS
2. FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEMS
HOW ROOTSABSORB
WATER AND MINERALS
•Soil is made up of tiny rock particles.
There is usually water in the spaces
between the particles. There are minerals
dissolved in the water.
•You may remember that special cells
called root hairs grow out of the surface
of roots. Root hair cells provide a really
big surface through which water and
minerals can be absorbed.
QUESTIONS
 SUMMARY

WATER GROUND FOOD ABOVE-GROUND

Roots absorb water Roots anchor a plant Roots can store food for Roots can
and minerals from in the ground. the plant. sometimes survive
the spaces between harsh conditions
soil particles. that kill the above-
ground parts of the
plant.
1.3

TRANSPORTING
WATER

LEAVES AND ROOTS

LET'S WATCH THE VIDEO!

https://youtu.be/KIug9Foo
u3s
 XYLEM VESSELS
There are two independent pathways having
conducting tubes. One is xylem that moves
water and minerals from soil to aerial parts. The
other is phloem which carries food from the
region of availability (e.g, leaves, storage
organs) to the areas of utilsation.

xylem vessels are long, hollow tubes that carry

water and minerals from the roots of the plant
to its leaves. in a tree, the xylem vessels reach
all the way up the trunk and to the very tips of
the branches. the xylem vessels continue inside
the leaves.
XYLEM VESSELS

the positions of xylem vessesls in a stem

XYLEM VESSELS

the positions of xylem vessesls in a root

 XYLEM VESSELS

the positions of xylem vessesls in a root, stem and leaf

 XYLEM VESSELS
Xylem vessels are very tiny. the spots that you saw in the celery stalk each contain
several xylem vessels.

xylem vessels are very strong, hard walls. this means that they help to support the
plant, as well as transporting water ans minerals.

he wood in a tree trunk is made up of xylem vessels.

FLOEM VESSELS

Phloem is the complex tissue, which

acts as a transport system for soluble
organic compounds within vascular
plants.

Through the system of translocation,

the phloem moves photoassimilates,
mainly in the form of sucrose sugars
and proteins, from the leaves where
they are produced by photosynthesis to
the rest of the plant.
LET'S WATCH THE VIDEO!

https://youtu.be/QXdujo4P
Z7c
FLOEM VESSELS
THANKYOU!