Worksheet #23 Standard Enthalpies of Formation

1. Write a thermochemical equation for the formation of each substance from its elements in their
standard states. Be sure to include the physical state of all the elements and compounds in the equation.
You can find the standard enthalpy of formation of each substance in your data table.
(a) CH4 (b) NaCl (c) MgO (d) CaCO3

2.
Liquid sulfuric acid has a very large negative standard enthalpy of formation (814.0 kJ/mol). Write an equation to show the formation o
4(s).

3. Write a thermochemical equation for the formation of gaseous cesium from its element in its standard
state. The standard enthalpy of formation of Cs(g) is 76.7 kJ/mol.

4. Solid phosphorus is found in two forms: white phosphorus (P 4) and red phosphorus (P). White phosphorus
is the standard state.
a. The enthalpy of formation of red phosphorus is –17.6 kJ/mol. Write a thermochemical equation for
the formation of red phosphorus from white phosphorus.
b. 32.6 g of white phosphorus reacts to form red phosphorus. What is the enthalpy change?

5. Hydrogen can be added to ethene, C2H4, to obtain ethane, C2H6.

C2H4(g) + H2(g) C2H6(g)

Show that the equations for the formation of ethene and ethane from their elements can be algebraically
combined to obtain the equation for the addition of hydrogen to ethene.

6. Zinc sulfide reacts with oxygen gas to produce zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide.
2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g)

Write the chemical equation for the formation of the indicated number of moles of each compound from its
elements. Algebraically combine these equations to obtain the given equation.

7. Small amounts of oxygen gas can be produced in a laboratory by heating potassium chlorate, KClO 3.
2KClO3(s) 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)

Calculate the enthalpy change of this reaction, using enthalpies of formation from your data table.

8. Use the following equation to answer the questions below.

CH3OH(l) + 1.5O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

(a) Calculate the enthalpy change of the complete combustion of one mole of methanol, using enthalpies of
formation.
(b) How much energy is released when 125 g of methanol undergoes complete combustion?

9. In the early 1960s, Neil Bartlett, at the University of British Columbia, was the first person to
synthesize compounds of the noble gas xenon. A number of noble gas compounds (such as XeF 2, XeF4,
 XeF6, and XeO3) have since been synthesized. Consider the reaction of xenon difluoride with fluorine gas
to produce xenon tetrafluoride.
XeF2(g) + F2(g) XeF4(s)
Use the following standard molar enthalpies of formation to calculate the enthalpy change for this
reaction. ΔHf°( XeF2(g)) = -108 kJ/mol and ΔHf°( XeF4(s)) = -251 kJ/mol

10. Calculate the enthalpy change of the following reaction, given equations (1), (2), and (3).

2H3BO3(aq) B2O3(s) + 3H2O(l)

(1) H3BO3(aq) HBO2(aq) + H2 O(l) H° = 0.02 kJ

(2) H2B4O7(s) + H2O(l) 4HBO2 (aq) H° = 11.3 kJ
(3) H2B4O7(s) 2B2O3(s) + H2O(l) ΔH° = 17.5 kJ