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Basiccalculus q3 Mod4 Continuityofafunction Final
Basiccalculus q3 Mod4 Continuityofafunction Final
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Continuity of a Function
Basic Calculus – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Continuity of a Function
First Edition, 2020
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Team Leaders:
School Head : Marijoy B. Mendoza, EdD
LRMDS Coordinator : Karl Angelo R. Tabernero
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
One of the main reasons why this module was created is to ensure that it will assist
you to understand the concept and know how to determine whether a function is
continuous or not.
1
What I Know
Read and answer the following questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
B. D.
1
3. On what value of x is the function 𝑓 𝑥 discontinuous?
A. 1 C. 2
1
B. 2 D.
2
5. The following conditions must be satisfied for a function to be continuous
EXCEPT one. Which is it?
A. 𝑓 𝑐 exists C. 𝑓 𝑐 lim 𝑓 𝑥
→
B. lim 𝑓 𝑥 exists D. 𝑓 𝑐 0
→
B. D.
3
For numbers 11-15, identify if the functions represented by the following functions
is continuous at x = a. Choose your answer from the following:
11. 14.
a a
12. 15.
a a
13.
4
Lesson
1 Continuity of a Function
Flowing water, long winding roads and waiting for forever are just examples of
uninterrupted actions or continuity. There are times wherein some actions were
meant to be disjointed or disconnected. Somehow, the concept of continuity is also
present in Calculus and it will be presented to you in details as you go on with this
module.
5
Wha I
1. Complete the table of values and illustrate the graph of the function
𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 2.
Graph: Y
x-values y-values
0
1
2
3
X
2. Complete the Table of Values and illustrate the graph of the function
1
𝑓 𝑥 . Graph:
1
Y
x-values y-values
-1
2
X
3
6
Wha Ne
On a sheet of paper, copy the graphs above. As you sketch the graphs, try not to lift
your pens. Is it possible with the three graphs? Based on what you did, what can you
say about the behavior of the first graph? How about the last two graphs?
The behavior of the graphs above has something to do with our lesson. I think you
already have an idea of what our topic is all about. So, le g a de l e the lesson
together.
7
What is It
There are different ways on how we can represent a function. One of those is its
graph. If the graph of a function has no gap or holes, then we can say that the
f ci i c i . O he i e, i di c i .
Based on our previous lesson on limits, the limit of a function f(x) exists
if the left-hand limit is equal to the right-hand limit. That is,
lim 𝑓 𝑥 lim 𝑓 𝑥
→ →
3. If lim 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓 𝑐
→
a. Removable Discontinuity
8
Example:
𝑓 𝑥
b. Jump Discontinuity
for a any positive integer. (Comandante, 2008). This type of discontinuity can
usually be found on piecewise functions.
Example:
3 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 0
𝑥 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 0
c. Infinite Discontinuity
This type of discontinuity exists if a function has one or more infinite limits.
Many rational functions exhibit this type of behavior (Milefoot.com
Mathematics, n.d.).
Example:
1
𝑓 𝑥
9
For deeper understanding of the lesson, let us have the following illustrative
examples:
Example1
Solution:
Check whether the function will satisfy the three conditions for continuity at
the given point 𝑥 1.
2. lim 𝑓 𝑥 exists.
→
𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 5𝑥 6 (Given)
lim 𝑓 𝑥 2
→
3. lim 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓 𝑐
→
Using the obtained values above, let us check if the third condition will
be satisfied.
lim 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓 𝑐 (Third Condition)
→
Since the two values are equal, then the third condition is satisfied.
Since all of the three conditions were satisfied, then we can say that the function
𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 5𝑥 6 is continuous at 𝑥 1.
10
To illustrate that the function 𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 5𝑥 6 is continuous at 𝑥 1, simply
graph the function which includes the x-value 1.
Continuous at x = -1
𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 5𝑥 6
Example 2
Solution:
Check whether the function will satisfy the three conditions for continuity at
the given point 𝑥 3.
𝑓 𝑥 ,𝑥 3 (Given)
𝑓 3 (Simplified form)
0
𝑓 3
0
11
2. lim 𝑓 𝑥 exists.
→
𝑓 𝑥 (Given)
lim 6
→
3. lim 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓 𝑐
→
Using the obtained values above, let us check if the third condition will
be satisfied.
lim 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓 𝑐 (Third Condition)
→
Since two of the conditions are NOT satisfied, then we can say that the
Graph of
𝑓 𝑥
The e a h le
on the graph,
ha h i
not continuous
at x = 3
12
Example 3
Solution:
𝑓 0 or undefined
0 0
2 2
lim ∞ lim ∞
→0 𝑥 →0 𝑥
𝟐
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝑫𝑵𝑬, 𝑜𝑟 𝑫𝒐𝒆𝒔 𝑵𝒐𝒕 𝑬𝒙𝒊𝒔𝒕
2 𝒙→𝟎 𝒙
lim
→0 𝑥
2
Step 3: Observe that∞ 𝑓lim
0
→0 𝑥 lim
→0
𝑓 𝑥
∞
Since all three conditions were not satisfied, then we can say that the function
𝑓 𝑥 is not continuous at 𝑥 0.
13
A function is said to be continuous at a closed interval [a, b] if its right
endpoint, open interval and left endpoint has no breakage, holes or
discontinuity. (see figure below)
X-axis
a b
[a, b] Closed interval
Example 4
14
Table of values
x-values 𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 5𝑥 6 y-values
3.9 3.9 5 3.9 6 1.71
-3 3 5 3 6 0
-2.5 2.5 5 2.5 6 -0.25
-2 2 5 2 6 0
-1.0001 1.0001 5 1.0001 6 1.99970001
Based on the table, all domains (x-values) in between (-4, -1) has its own defined y-
value. Therefore, we can say that it is continuous on the open interval (-4, -1).
Another justification that this function is continuous on the open interval (-4, -1) is
that, all polynomial functions are continuous at every point or any interval 𝑥|𝑥 𝜖 ℝ
𝑓 4 4 5 4 6 𝟐
b. Find lim 𝑥 5𝑥 6
→ 1
𝑓 1 1 5 1 6 𝟐
b. Find lim 𝑥 5𝑥 6
→
Conclusion: Since all of the three conditions were satisfied, then we can say that the
function 𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 5𝑥 6 is continuous on the closed interval 4, 1 .
15
Graph of 𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 5𝑥 6
Example 2
Solution:
Step 1: The function 𝑓 𝑥 needs to be verified continuous at the open interval 4, 1
by creating its table of values or simply knowing its restrictions with regards to its
domain.
Table of values
x-values 𝑓 𝑥 √𝑥 3 y-values
3.9 3.9 3 (*imaginary
number)
0 0 3 1.732050808
0.9999 0.999 3 1.999749984
Based on the table, all domains (x-values) in between ( 4 to 1) has its own defined
y-value except 3.9. Therefore, we can say that it is not continuous on the open
interval ( 4, 1).
Another justification that this function is not continuous on the open interval ( 4,1)
is that, all radical functions are continuous only within the domain, if beyond
restrictions, he i e i .
16
Step 2: The function 𝑓 𝑥 needs to be continuous at the left endpoint [-4].
𝑓 4 4 3 𝟏 𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓
b. Find lim √𝑥 3
→
𝑓 1 1 3 4 𝟐
b. Find lim √𝑥 3
→1
lim 𝑥 3 1 3 4 𝟐
→1
Conclusion: Only one of the three conditions was satisfied, then we can say that the
function 𝑓 𝑥 √𝑥 3 is not continuous on the closed interval 4, 1 .
17
Wha M e
Answer the following questions. Show all possible solutions on a separate sheet of
paper.
Solution:
Step 3: What did you observe between the values of 𝑓 2 and lim 𝑓 𝑥 ?
→
Conclusion: __________________________________________________________________
18
2. Is the function 𝑓 𝑥 continuous on the closed interval 1, 1 ? Draw its
graph illustrating its continuity or discontinuity.
Solution:
Step 1: The function 𝑓 𝑥 needs to be verified continuous at the open interval 1, 1
by creating its table of values or simply knowing its restrictions with regard to its
domain.
A. Table of values
X-values 3 y-values
𝑓 𝑥
𝑥
0.999 ______ ______
0 ______ ______
0.9999 ______ ______
Conclusion: _____________________________________________________________________
19
Illustrate the graph:
Y
Express what you have learned in this lesson by answering the questions below.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
20
What I Can Do
Read, understand and answer the given questions below. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Represent a graph showing the voltage readings as y-values and the time as
x-values.
Assessment
Identify whether the following functions are continuous or not. Write your solutions
on a separate sheet of paper.
21
Justify your answer whether the following functions are continuous or not at a
certain point or interval. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
11. 𝑓 𝑥 at 𝑥 2
12. 𝑓 𝑥 at 𝑥 1
1
13. 𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 7𝑥 6 on 2, 3
14. 𝑓 𝑥 on 0, 5
15. 𝑓 𝑥 √1 𝑥 on 1, 1
Additional Activities
Read, understand, and solve the given item. Write your solutions on a separate sheet
of paper.
𝑥 , 𝑥 0
The function 𝑓 𝑥 is an example of a piecewise defined function.
𝑥, 𝑥 0
Prove that this function is continuous or not on its entirety.
22