Cellular manufacturing occurs when production equipment is grouped together and used for the sequential production of a set of parts that have similar characteristics. This concept is used in a lean manufacturing operation, as part of the effort to strip waste from the production process. The following are characteristics of cellular manufacturing: + Machines within a cell are grouped close together, so that unfinished parts can be walked from one machine to the next. + Employees may operate more than one machine within the production cell. + Parts processed through the cell have similar characteristics, so that machine setups are minimized. + There are likely to be a number of production cells within a manufacturing process.18:11 BORS + Cee | 4 PUL UMACIAIU LE Col COLLAT* Pa Dele lar I Reel) 5 advantages of cellular manufacturing Here are some advantages of implementing cellular manufacturing in your lean manufacturing workflow: * Enhanced production environment and quality control * Improved capacity to produce high- volume, high-variety products at a fast pace * Substantial reduction in manufacturing lead time and waste * Smaller work-in-progress (WIP) inventory * Develop a highly versatile and efficient workforce3 disadvantages of cellular manufacturing As with everything, there are disadvantages to cellular manufacturing as well. Here are three: * Prone to production bottlenecks in case of machinery breakdown ° Errors in the setup can lead to a loss of efficiency instead of the promised improvements ° The setup time can be long since moving machinery and training take timeRole of Trade Unions in India 1. Trade unions ensure that the environment is harmonious. Workers aren't getting any kind of problems related to hygiene, drinking water, healthcare facilities, safety, electricity, etc. 2. Trade unions protect the rights of workers so that no worker is a victim of tyrannical behaviour by the management like random transfer or suspension of workers. 3. Collective bargaining, adjudication and wage boards, and conciliation are some determinants to decide the salaries and wages of workers in the organization. These are followed in a systematic way so that no chaos arises in the organization.4. If any industrial dispute occurs in the organization, the trade union takes responsibility to solve it. It always protects the interest of both workers as well as employers. Trade union negotiates with organization to resolve the conflicts between worker and employer and bring peace to the organization. 5. Trade union looks up to the welfare of workers, especially women and children. If someone is arbitrarily suspended or transferred, the trade union speaks up for them and fights for them. 6. There are times when workers feel alone, so the labour is given a chance to go toa platform where he/she can attain their social goals.7. Collective bargaining means resolving the clashes between employees and employers by managing negotiations between them. It is an agreement between workers and employers when something goes wrong between them. If the agreement is breached, it will be considered an illegal trade practice. 8. They provide medical help to the 8 workmen and secure their job or protect the hike in wages non-violently. 9. There are many unorganized sectors in rural areas which are not effectively run by authorities. To reform them into organized ones, trade unions do a lot to let people work on their capabilities and come above the poverty line. They also plan programs for their betterment. 10. Trade unions believe in a balanced growth approach. In which peoples’ welfare is also considered other than the organisation's profit. This social responsibility also comes under tra& union: _