NCERT

PHYSICS
CLASS XI & XII

CHAPTER HEADINGS

K. SIVAPRAKASH
SBOA SCHOOL AND JUNIOR COLLEGE,
ANNA NAGAR, CHENNAI.

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 PHYSICS
CLASS XI
NCERT

CHAPTER 1 Page No.

UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 The international system of units 1
1.3 Significant figures 3
1.4 Dimensions of physical quantities 7
1.5 Dimensional formulae and dimensional equations 7
1.6 Dimensional analysis and its applications 7

CHAPTER 2
MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Instantaneous velocity and speed 14
2.3 Acceleration 15
2.4 Kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated motion 17

CHAPTER 3
MOTION IN A PLANE
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 Scalars and vectors 27
3.3 Multiplication of vectors by real numbers 29
3.4 Addition and subtraction of vectors – graphical method 29
3.5 Resolution of vectors 31
3.6 Vector addition – analytical method 33
3.7 Motion in a plane 34
3.8 Motion in a plane with constant acceleration 37
3.9 Projectile motion 38
3.10 Uniform circular motion 40

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CHAPTER 4 Page No.
LAWS OF MOTION
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Aristotle’s fallacy 50
4.3 The law of inertia 50
4.4 Newton’s first law of motion 51
4.5 Newton’s second law of motion 53
4.6 Newton’s third law of motion 56
4.7 Conservation of momentum 57
4.8 Equilibrium of a particle 58
4.9 Common forces in mechanics 59
4.10 Circular motion 63
4.11 Solving problems in mechanics 64

CHAPTER 5
WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
5.1 Introduction 71
5.2 Notions of work and kinetic energy: The work-energy theorem 73
5.3 Work 73
5.4 Kinetic energy 74
5.5 Work done by a variable force 75
5.6 The work-energy theorem for a variable force 76
5.7 The concept of potential energy 77
5.8 The conservation of mechanical energy 78
5.9 The potential energy of a spring 80
5.10 Power 83
5.11 Collisions 83

CHAPTER 6
SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION
6.1 Introduction 92
6.2 Centre of mass 95
6.3 Motion of centre of mass 99
6.4 Linear momentum of a system of particles 100
6.5 Vector product of two vectors 101
6.6 Angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity 103
6.7 Torque and angular momentum 105

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6.8 Equilibrium of a rigid body 108
6.9 Moment of inertia 114
6.10 Kinematics of rotational motion about a fixed axis 116
6.11 Dynamics of rotational motion about a fixed axis 118
6.12 Angular momentum in case of rotations about a fixed axis 120

CHAPTER 7
GRAVITATION
7.1 Introduction 127
7.2 Kepler’s laws 128
7.3 Universal law of gravitation 129
7.4 The gravitational constant 131
7.5 Acceleration due to gravity of the earth 132
7.6 Acceleration due to gravity below and above the surface of earth 133
7.7 Gravitational potential energy 134
7.8 Escape speed 135
7.9 Earth satellites 137
7.10 Energy of an orbiting satellite 138

CHAPTER 8
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
8.1 Introduction 167
8.2 Stress and strain 168
8.3 Hooke’s law 169
8.4 Stress-strain curve 169
8.5 Elastic moduli 170
8.6 Applications of elastic behaviour of materials 174

CHAPTER 9
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
9.1 Introduction 180
9.2 Pressure 180
9.3 Streamline flow 186
9.4 Bernoulli’s principle 187
9.5 Viscosity 190
9.6 Surface tension 192

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C H A P T E R 10
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
10.1 Introduction 202
10.2 Temperature and heat 202
10.3 Measurement of temperature 203
10.4 Ideal-gas equation and absolute temperature 203
10.5 Thermal expansion 204
10.6 Specific heat capacity 208
10.7 Calorimetry 209
10.8 Change of state 210
10.9 Heat transfer 214
10.10 Newton’s law of cooling 219

C H A P T E R 11
THERMODYNAMICS
11.1 Introduction 226
11.2 Thermal equilibrium 227
11.3 Zeroth law of thermodynamics 228
11.4 Heat, internal energy and work 229
11.5 First law of thermodynamics 230
11.6 Specific heat capacity 231
11.7 Thermodynamic state variables and equation of state 232
11.8 Thermodynamic processes 233
11.9 Second law of thermodynamics 236
11.10 Reversible and irreversible processes 236
11.11 Carnot engine 237

C H A P T E R 12
KINETIC THEORY
12.1 Introduction 244
12.2 Molecular nature of matter 244
12.3 Behaviour of gases 246
12.4 Kinetic theory of an ideal gas 248
12.5 Law of equipartition of energy 252
12.6 Specific heat capacity 253
12.7 Mean free path 254

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C H A P T E R 13
OSCILLATIONS
13.1 Introduction 259
13.2 Periodic and oscillatory motions 260
13.3 Simple harmonic motion 262
13.4 Simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion 264
13.5 Velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic motion 266
13.6 Force law for simple harmonic motion 267
13.7 Energy in simple harmonic motion 268
13.8 The Simple Pendulum 270

C H A P T E R 14
WAVES
14.1 Introduction 278
14.2 Transverse and longitudinal waves 280
14.3 Displacement relation in a progressive wave 281
14.4 The speed of a travelling wave 284
14.5 The principle of superposition of waves 287
14.6 Reflection of waves 288
14.7 Beats 293

****END OF NCERT CLASS XI PHYSICS (PARTS I & II) CHAPTER HEADINGS.

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 PHYSICS
CLASS XII
NCERT
CHAPTER 1
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS Page No.

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Electric Charge 1
1.3 Conductors and Insulators 3
1.4 Basic Properties of Electric Charge 4
1.5 Coulomb’s Law 6
1.6 Forces between Multiple Charges 11
1.7 Electric Field 14
1.8 Electric Field Lines 19
1.9 Electric Flux 21
1.10 Electric Dipole 23
1.11 Dipole in a Uniform External Field 27
1.12 Continuous Charge Distribution 28
1.13 Gauss’s Law 29
1.14 Applications of Gauss’s Law 33

CHAPTER 2
ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
2.1 Introduction 45
2.2 Electrostatic Potential 47
2.3 Potential due to a Point Charge 48
2.4 Potential due to an Electric Dipole 49
2.5 Potential due to a System of Charges 51
2.6 Equipotential Surfaces 54
2.7 Potential Energy of a System of Charges 55
2.8 Potential Energy in an External Field 58

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2.9 Electrostatics of Conductors 61
2.10 Dielectrics and Polarisation 65
2.11 Capacitors and Capacitance 67
2.12 The Parallel Plate Capacitor 68
2.13 Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance 69
2.14 Combination of Capacitors 71
2.15 Energy Stored in a Capacitor 73

CHAPTER 3
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
3.1 Introduction 81
3.2 Electric Current 81
3.3 Electric Currents in Conductors 82
3.4 Ohm’s law 83
3.5 Drift of Electrons and the Origin of Resistivity 85
3.6 Limitations of Ohm’s Law 89
3.7 Resistivity of Various Materials 89
3.8 Temperature Dependence of Resistivity 90
3.9 Electrical Energy, Power 92
3.10 Cells, emf, Internal Resistance 93
3.11 Cells in Series and in Parallel 95
3.12 Kirchhoff’s Rules 97
3.13 Wheatstone Bridge 100

CHAPTER 4
MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM
4.1 Introduction 107
4.2 Magnetic Force 108
4.3 Motion in a Magnetic Field 112
4.4 Magnetic Field due to a Current Element, Biot-Savart Law 113
4.5 Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current Loop 115
4.6 Ampere’s Circuital Law 117
4.7 The Solenoid 121
4.8 Force between Two Parallel Currents, the Ampere 122
4.9 Torque on Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole 124
4.10 The Moving Coil Galvanometer 129

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CHAPTER 5
MAGNETISM AND MATTER
5.1 Introduction 136
5.2 The Bar Magnet 137
5.3 Magnetism and Gauss’s Law 142
5.4 Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity 145
5.5 Magnetic Properties of Materials 147

CHAPTER 6
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
6.1 Introduction 154
6.2 The Experiments of Faraday and Henry 155
6.3 Magnetic Flux 156
6.4 Faraday’s Law of Induction 157
6.5 Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy 160
6.6 Motional Electromotive Force 162
6.7 Inductance 165
6.8 AC Generator 170

CHAPTER 7
ALTERNATING CURRENT

7.1 Introduction 177

7.2 AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor 178
7.3 Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors Phasors 181
7.4 AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor 181
7.5 AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor 184
7.6 AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit 186
7.7 Power in AC Circuit: The Power Factor 190
7.8 Transformers 194

CHAPTER 8
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
8.1 Introduction 201
8.2 Displacement Current 202
8.3 Electromagnetic Waves 205
8.4 Electromagnetic Spectrum 208

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CHAPTER 9
RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
9.1 Introduction 221
9.2 Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors 222
9.3 Refraction 228
9.4 Total Internal Reflection 229
9.5 Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by Lenses 232
9.6 Refraction through a Prism 239
9.7 Optical Instruments 240

CHAPTER 10
WAVE OPTICS
10.1 Introduction 255
10.2 Huygens Principle 257
10.3 Refraction and Reflection of Plane Waves using Huygens Principle 258
10.4 Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves 262
10.5 Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment 265
10.6 Diffraction 266
10.7 Polarisation 269

CHAPTER 11
DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER
11.1 Introduction 274
11.2 Electron Emission 275
11.3 Photoelectric Effect 276
11.4 Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect 277
11.5 Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light 280
11.6 Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation 281
11.7 Particle Nature of Light: The Photon 283
11.8 Wave Nature of Matter 284

CHAPTER 12
ATOMS
12.1 Introduction 290
12.2 Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom 291
12.3 Atomic Spectra 296
12.4 Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom 297

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12.5 The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom 300
12.6 De Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation 301

CHAPTER 13
NUCLEI
13.1 Introduction 306
13.2 Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus 306
13.3 Size of the Nucleus 309
13.4 Mass-Energy and Nuclear Binding Energy 310
13.5 Nuclear Force 313
13.6 Radioactivity 314
13.7 Nuclear Energy 314

CHAPTER 14
SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS: MATERIALS, DEVICES AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS
14.1 Introduction 323
14.2 Classification of Metals, Conductors and Semiconductors 324
14.3 Intrinsic Semiconductor 327
14.4 Extrinsic Semiconductor 329
14.5 p-n Junction 333
14.6 Semiconductor Diode 334
14.7 Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier 338

****END OF NCERT CLASS XII PHYSICS (PARTS I & II) CHAPTER HEADINGS.

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