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Manufacturing Industries - Your Comprehensive Class 10 Notes Guide - CBSE Guidance
Manufacturing Industries - Your Comprehensive Class 10 Notes Guide - CBSE Guidance
Embark on a captivating journey into the world of manufacturing industries, the lifeblood of
modern economies, with this comprehensive guide to Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Notes.
Happy CBSE
Whether you're aiming to ace your upcoming Diwali to All
board exams or simply seek to broaden your
understanding of this crucial aspect of geography, this blog post is your ultimate resource.
We've meticulously crafted a collection of detailed and easy-to-follow notes, aligned with the
NCERT syllabus for Class 10 Geography Chapter 6, to equip you with a thorough understanding
of manufacturing industries. These notes, conveniently available in a downloadable PDF format,
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Prepare to explore the diverse types of manufacturing industries, their location factors, and their
profound impact on the global economy. Discover the intricacies of iron and steel, textile, and
other key industries that shape our world.
"Whether you think you can or you think you can't, you're right."
- Henry Ford
Table of Contents
Importance of Manufacturing
Factors responsible for the location of industries
Classification of Industries
Cotton Textile Industry
Jute Textiles
Sugar Industries
Iron and Steel Industry
Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation
Control of Environmental Degradation
Importance of Manufacturing
The manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of general and economic development
because:
The given statement means that agricultural and manufacturing industries are not
exclusive of each other and are quite interconnected.
Agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity
and efficiency.
Agro-industries are units that add value to agricultural produce, intermediates, and/or
residues by processing or improving storability or by providing links from the farm to the
market or part thereof.
Industries depend on agriculture for raw materials and sell their products such as
irrigation pumps, fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, PVC pipes, machines, tools, etc to
farmers.
So, the development and competitiveness of manufacturing industries have not only
assisted agriculturalists and farmers in increasing their production but also made the
production processes very efficient and far better.
Physical factors:
Availability of raw materials – This factor is more important for heavy industries like iron
and steel, cement industry, etc.
Availability of power resources – Proximity to power resources like coal, and electricity
will attract more industries.
Availability of water – Almost all industries require a huge quantity of water.
Availability of favorable climate.
Human factors:
Classification of Industries
Basic or key industries: These industries supply their products as raw materials to
manufacture other goods. Examples: iron and steel industry, copper smelting, aluminium
smelting.
Consumer industries: These industries produce goods for direct use by consumers.
Examples: sugar, paper, toothpaste, fans, etc.
Small scale industry: Maximum investment allowed on the assets of a unit is ₹ 1 Crore.
Large scale industry: When investment in the assets of a unit is more than ₹ 1 Crore.
Based on ownership
Public sector industries: Public sector industries are owned and operated by government
agencies. For example BHEL, SAIL, etc.
Private sector industries: Private sector industries are owned and operated by individuals
or a group of individuals. For example TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd., Dabur industries, etc.
Joint sector industries: Joint sector industries are jointly run by the state and individuals
or a group of individuals. For example Oil India Limited (OIL).
Cooperative sector industries: Cooperative sector industries are owned and operated by
the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers, or both. They pool the resources
and share the profits or losses proportionately. For example Sugar industry, coir industry,
etc.
Based on the bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods:
In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton-growing belt of
Maharashtra and Gujarat because of availability of
raw cotton,
market,
transport including accessible port facilities,
labor,
moist climate, etc.
Jute Textiles
Sugar Industries
In recent years, there has been a tendency for the mills to shift and concentrate in the southern
and western states, especially in Maharashtra. This is because
Iron ore, coking coal, and limestone are required in a ratio of approximately 4 : 2 : 1. Some
quantities of manganese, are also required to harden the steel.
Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries
because of:
Air pollution: High proportion of carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and carbon monoxide
create air pollution. Suspended particulate matters also create problems.
Water pollution: Organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents cause water
pollution. Paper, pulp, chemicals, textiles, dyeing, petroleum refineries, etc. are the main
culprits of water pollution.
Thermal pollution: Hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and
ponds before cooling.
Radioactive waste: wastes from nuclear power plants cause cancer, birth defects,
miscarriages, etc.
Noise pollution: Results in irritation, hypertension, and hearing impairment.
Water should be reused and recycled in the industry. This will help in minimizing the use
of fresh water.
Rainwater harvesting should be promoted.
Hot water and effluents should be treated before being released into rivers and ponds.
Overdrawing of groundwater needs to be regulated legally.