uJIspXudanCe

AA Sohw Austin 1790-1859).

Introduclim
John Auslin t an
Englirh lcgalN
thcisl töho inluenecI 15ihisl end Amencar
Lns wih enalyticel appoceh To zunnprudence
Ch hi Comman Thceny. ohn Aush, oho w
poolem Amdon UnivtrSity. the kurdur
1he Analyhical School. He Consikerel as
theAthes Englisk 7unopruence He was elet
T0 chir 7iwnpreclenc n The
the univedBity .18t
Austin, a discipo Denliam, , a positvis es
ConLemew sith "hl law i"ane no what leus
Ought to be Tositive meam
Jhe hxt six lecluren Auolin tsce publehe)
publihe
in 1832 Undr th tit "Jha Prome Junspruli
Detevwined

Hccoding fo Arrsbn, las may be dliniclel chib u

heaels: law prvpesl, o Callh.
law impoopesh &o Call

ahaus popesh oCallu may hhu e eleincaI iato tso

za, i9 kauo hod k a r st by Ciel hs me»
ti) Humen luuss » Aats 8et by mon ka men

Human laL) mAy agin be eleindI into tuv Kind -

Posilive (a
*losilive Mooulily
Tosthive kau
dhe haus
Posihve
Posiive law dehenels upm t h-
poopeapolhadCalled
ulhsnl,
th Sovexeim eulhnl
Atota ëvay uu, Thackort, accoodin to
Command. S ko propesh, 9o
Calte er A
Bpecie Cmmmende.
osiive Maratity +*,
ben eatue Comanhd 7hcory
) e r Sovedeign
b) Come
Duty
d)Sanchon unishmnl
ie Toshve las s t by polhicesSupein
Polihc
pollhcl hkion en bypival pcrsm t
puriutu in

dhee ae tho type Cmmar 2e

a) Gunera Comman
b)Taticuiles Commens
a) Chenerl ommen :2
A genesal_ Cammen
las on Duls hee it eblige
Foo beaaAnCes
geneaU,
elam.*AMCcmmsh AN
th acd

no ao, it i k gehael Commen, hic

obligeto a Cor Condut,i er kas
b)aaticuker Coman
St OCCaMgma aaadcua
when it oblige o a Specihu inividucs act
JU bearance.
positive merlity othr lawn whitk 4 2oT.Akt by men, a
politi
pliicad Auperios, but achiy ih pursu4ht aga nizk1
 &ception above theny
Auhn Sey" Cve y GtJ t a (ommed

.cmesy dul
dulyCvkad by a Scnchon, heseves,
all k Cemmehal A>de not lc lohn llhtnagh
aCCepts hat
A not Commcd They Gde exCopbon

1. Declattny lcw
they cae
Jhey
alde.dy (n
ae
existenc andc pae
not Commndh becew
ny to explain he lauo ohich in afcaly chkoce

kaw Repcal
Ausin eloen not tcecl Aucl
Las as Comwen be Cewne they a la hu
evCehCh a COmmand.

3 ka impesfecd obligchou'
hay a mot teala a

Cemmand beco tha b no Senctin To am

Ausin hel tha& Commahd to becems law
must e cccmPanie by cluty a Aenchon tr
enlacemant

Csiticiom he hustinian hey Las

dha impesaliye thony loto crhioise the
folles iny 3u
Jnnllo -

2 Soverelgn n o l th
the nly
mly ra
ou lw i
T3eidesSoreoeign, Cuslom,» usage» ane
ae al0 tht mperlant Sruce kaus,
elg
Tuelge made law ignned ;
Austa.ghnes

elidm f nclude uelge make kaus

Huohncleini
ha (a
hi
3 Cemventi on
igneed
the Conlilulo
Con venhon
Opealu im pectivel. thonugk pl not enlesCecble by
0pera
CousShall not be by
ntenanen aus
Auwhn put 3ntey nalionad a
Undus PeSitve monalsly a the laus henn
AcLO ushion

S)Relahc law &Mo 0ve looked

o Aulin, luw ni
Concenad t h Twna bu thi inot Cemct
Pepasiticn Aauo n o l en aabilbcay Commend,
but it a pnsth &n oanic nalux.

6) hiatsiinol alscyshepes in tha hm 4 Come-

i not
ausey tdw to ay thut
shaped. in hakom e e emmen), 7hee a
Ymeny
mey- ule Les khich Ga muvely pe)mi
Cencbting
Cenclwsioni
the bani th abne
O'n
Can rai eSad hat Auwtin olescipton,t
dehnatitn f las
Can not be ccccpta) ully
hl
S Dinc Kelsenpuae theny kw: shat an
th maln pinl erihciom e this heory
Aw xoduhon (1881-1993)
Hans Kelse» Locs an Astyean
Junst
Junist &nd
ehd hilospher cmd habegeh hi lm
Cadees a alegal theonist et 1hu begrnnie 20
Celury He Lou a pnlersT 7umoptulon
inUieme Civessidy He crwe h lam HEEEPeli
mainly to hi Radc thaony fkaw
t
Kelsen' thecylanel at hu pamvel & has
Bimilar tmpeolan thuli Hhcoy
thcory.
The
T Concep Thd he kaus 9nuls be pue ben ay
eth nuenligelio uch a ociologi cal, polihcal,
histicel, Hncal ete.
he ill hot
hot bad all thos Compcnenl kepnve
Connecled _mnel dhunecCColiy o Kelan, hu la
iltenhw

Kelsen Puxeh.cory lais

1 kaw _ nomalve Seiene

Accei To Kelkch, kaus mmalive sciehCe

my be leslinguush
hm Science
BuT las n
Muo)Kelben oloe not admi1 the Commau hieny
elemon
Huslix a dnlndue a psyehologdcal
into u danidon las whick felien avncb:

2 Sepavehio. las dther Social sciencus & memlsi

by exelud
Kelsen limis he ape JunipruelencaHe spadales
i t rllt wth arnySocial Aciente
Sociology, Nelaphysic all oher
Cn um
hmolinc
ext Leges clinciine
3) The sundnorm:
Kelscn pue lheory, l a
Daecd em Tydcmidicas suela hiesaxchy f
Prnnon nemå hich eleyive heis Yalidhly r h
bem
bem nom Lohich h lesmo) Cundnom

HiesaachyAmatie Relation
He oloes noT wan
to enclud in hin theery what the lass nyht h
be peaKa hinhin.. thaory f law a
Buctur analyti. as exact a pombu, th
Posihe eThite et
osihuelas, an analyas hee a all elhica) 9
pouhical uclgemunl valtce

Tyamid Noom
Kehen Comuicke legal ACienu
a py0miy nm h_Gaundnom at The egen.
he Aubn dinel nUnk c Cmbolles by no
upen hem hievexchicel d r .

obzect_
Kelsen dyeded Arstin' pnprsa
to SupénicaAulhenty (Savexeign
o0noCe and heinrpeted the pun un
pnn tipu which t nicWNey achieve Th
Syhmeby n the ytm
SoThe Snw the LaCe e Tacel
 Essestiala eatuwcf
elaen ade 1heoe
Jhs aim a a thcery of las, C any ACiente
i To ae dut chaos and multiplieity Luny

lepalpal thcery C SeiCnCe, nol vulitim. 1 i

The
KHnsledge whd the lats i ' net whal
Lats O'gkt to he
nodmctive nol nalusel SCien
SCienc
3 Jhe l e C e

)Aegal& heery
heery a heory noms nol Centusne
th h elfective nem legal nooms.
7
Ayslem
5 dke aelalcin legal Theoy 1o a peshcules
posihve law that potibl to actula

C'oticisnm
1 3undnoam Vagtu &ConhublgAHhneh Kelen
chasaclesislia awndnomm ès pose%s ing
heun given
hu g1ven
minimum eecivenem yet it ey Vegua &
lheult to a c i t ou
Conheringand i C

n evedy leel Ayslem

it says that, ha bare
Aceeday b kaod licyl,
Tanb usma featuon kelsen Ayski
this deally ,
thi's
nol cleer h a t 0 t
nem
31
whaf it does, no hure e Can hnd c.
r

3Accoodiy o Poof. Gsvlhast

noT explarn The, exis lence
Ke lbon cliil
tha bane, nmhmh i h th whou kegal ysle.
was Fyndsd by
4No chicad Sigmhicent- Juai
Act oding lo Soeiologncas
h heosy
(
poachcal" Sighihconc
Kacks
3 believe
Psof."hask
th
'so. ha
hu ue
Sayt, sanled tpeshulales,
heody 1o be unanAueachlu bul believe aloo 1h
heony
ubslcne an exeC tSe t h logie ah
nol i (de.

S)Neluv law igned

Somo. uns cailicies Kelon'
hceny h l excludine nalund lew hum lau,
"Watuel la Covnievchly aleeda legak Concopl &
Opesalesin th Aociely and nCosponates
potve la a
Kelhen Cntnbution .
Kelsen has mals en onnnal,
striking
Ariking
dente.
nand ncally
Hi
valuuhl Conlrnbulin to unaptu
nes n las Cbe Cantaina in hu
6
beok entitledGenral thosr fkaw S t c

onclwin
Kelbon'h legal Theanyi an mna pren
reearch, Lohich Kas AuCcomhl, mad mod a vitl
Connhufion o 7uisps udanies 1huugk1. Hi vieuw
yegardang nomig1, Blale, public an mval le
have deceive hd wil eppatciaimn hum Vengn
ecademieic unish. Overa, tCan mol be
Bid thal KelAen' Pure thegry oka in
an
(mpovemanl upum Aushns Command they hery
Honsevex, Cmplute dvessity n hol
Rama nciplina And
posnibu nhin thu
Thae. waxe Amlaxhe blwte
KelsenAuhn appboach o ha extent thal they bol
¥looK las a 1 telkes 4 katl a il exist
¥e analysl end (mpe) eht
hin ker