AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT IN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

OF CONCRETE USING BANANA PEEL POWDER AND CASSAVA

PEEL POWDER AS AN ADDITIVE TO CEMENT

A RESEARCH STUDY

Presented to the Department of Civil Engineering

College of Engineering and Architecture
University of Science and Technology of Southern
Philippines Cagayan De Oro City

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements in the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

JOBELITO D. ANDALES
KRIZZA MAE T. ARIAS
GENE BRIL S. BACTONG
DHAN IRIS B. MAGHANOY
ANGELIE MARIE V. SARONG
ORIECK VON JUSPHER SIMBOLAS
MARIA NILA L. VALLECERA

DECEMBER 2023
 TABLE SOF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE………………………………………………………………………………... i
APPROVAL SHEET………………………………………………………………………… ii
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………. iii
DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………………. iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………………... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………vii
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………………… ix
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………………... x

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study………………………………………………………………1
1.2. Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………………...4
1.3. Objectives of the Study…………………………………………………………….….5
1.4. Scope and Limitation………………………………………………………………….6
1.5. Conceptual Framework………………………………………………………….…….6
1.6. Significance of the Study……………………………………………………………...7
1.7. Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………………8

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1. Concrete…………………………………………………………………………….…11
2.2. Banana Peel…………………………………………………………………………...13
2.2.1. Banana Production……………………………………………………………..13
2.2.2. Physical and Chemical Properties of Banana Peel…………………………….15
2.2.3. Related Studies of Banana Peel………………………………………………..17
2.3. Cassava Peel…………………………………………………………………………..19
2.3.1. Cassava Production…………………………………………………………….19
2.4 Physical and Chemical Properties of Cassava Peel……………………………………21
2.5 Related Studies of Cassava Peel……………………………………………………….23

3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research
Setting………………………………………………………………………..29
3.2 Research
Design……………………………………………………………………….29
3.3 General
Procedure……………………………………………………………………..29
3.4 Gathering of Materials………………………………………………………………...31
3.5 Preparation of Banana Peel
Powder…………………………………………………...31
3.6 Preparation of Cassava Peel
Powder…………………………………………………..33
3.7 Laboratory
Testing……………………………………………………………………..34
3.7.1 Physical Properties Test…………………………………………………………
35

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 3.7.1.1 Sieve
Analysis…………………………………………………………...35
3.7.1.1.1 Coarse and Fine
Aggregates…………………………………....35
3.7.1.1.2 Banana Peel Powder and Cassava Peel
Powder………………..36
3.7.1.2 Specific Gravity and Water
Absorption………………………………….37
3.7.1.2.1 Specific Gravity for Banana Peel Powder and Cassava Peel
Powder………………………………………………………...41
3.7.1.3 Unit Weight ……………..……………………………………………...42
3.7.2 Chemical Properties
Test……………………………………………………….43
3.8 Proportioning of
Samples……………………………………………………………...43
3.9 Workability Test…………………………………………………………….…………
45
3.10 Molding and Demolding………………………………………….....………………..46
3.11 Curing………………………………………………………………………………...47
3.12 Compressive Strength
Test…………………………………………………………....47
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Component Materials……………………….
…..49
4.1.1 Physical Properties of Aggregates and Cement…………………………….
…..49
4.1.2 Sieve Analysis of Banana Peel Powder…………………………………………
50
4.1.3 Sieve Analysis of Cassava Peel Powder…………………………………….
….50
4.1.4 Chemical Properties of BPP………………...……………………………….…
51
4.1.5 Chemical Properties of BPP………………………...
………………………….51
4.1.6 Workability Test of Design mixes………………………………………….
…..52
4.2 Compressive Strength Test……………………………………………………………52
5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusions……………………………………………………………………………
56
5.2 Recommendations……………………………………………………………………..57

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1: Chemical Composition of OPC and BSP.................................................................16

Table 2.2: Composition of Cassava
Starch……………………………………………………..22
Table 2.3: Chemical Composition of
Cassava………………………………………………….23
Table 2.4: Result of Chemical Analysis of Cement, Wood Ash, and
CPA……………………..23
Table 3.1: Quantity of Materials in Percentage..........................................................................44
Table 3.2: Quantity of materials in kilograms for 11 molds……………………………………
44
Table 4.1: Physical test of
materials…………………………………………………………....50
Table 4.2: Quantity of powder produced and passed through sieve no.
200…………………….50
Table 4.3 Quantity of powder produced and passed through sieve no.
200…………………….51
Table 4.4: Chemical Properties of Banana Peel
Powder………………………………………..51
Table 4.5: Chemical Properties of Cassava Peel
Powder……………………………………….52
Table 4.6: Workability Results…………………………………………………………………
52
Table 4.7: Compressive Strength of each sample and their corresponding curing day…………
54

ix
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Conceptual Work of the Study……………………………………………………..6
Figure 2.1: Compressive Strength Values of of CPA and WA…………………………………
24
Figure 2.2: Compressive Strength Development of concrete containing CPP………………...25
Figure 2.3: Loss of weight of concrete in contact with Sulphuric Acid
Solution……………...26
Figure 2.4: Compressive Strength of concrete in Sulphuric
Solution………………………….27
Figure 2.5: Compressive Strength of concrete in Sodium Hydroxide
Solution………………..27
Figure 3.1: Schematic Diagram of
Workflow………………………………………………….30
Figure 3.2: Cleaning of Waste Banana Peel………………………………………………….…
31
Figure 3.3: Scraping and Cutting of Banana
Peel…………………………………………….....32
Figure 3.4: Cutting of Banana Peel……………………………...………………………….
…..32
Figure 3.5: Sun Drying of Banana
Peel………………………………………………………...32
Figure 3.6: Pulverizing of Banana
Peel………………………………………………………...33
Figure 3.7: Cleaning of Cassava
Peel…………………………………………………………..33
Figure 3.8: Drying of Cassava
Peel……………………………………………………………..34
Figure 3.9: Powdering of Cassava Peel……………………….
………………………………..34
Figure 3.10: Coarse and Fine
Aggregates………………………………………………………….36
Figure 3.11: Sieving of Banana Peel Powder and Cassava Peel
Powder…………………………...37
Figure 3.12: Specific Gravity for Coarse Aggregates……………………………………...………
38
Figure 3.13: Process of Specific Gravity for Fine
Aggregates……………………………………..40
Figure 3.14: Process of Specific Gravity for BPP and
CPP………………………………………..41
Figure 3.15: Unit weight of aggregates………………………………………………………...
….43
Figure 3.16: Slump Test…………………………………………………………………………..45
Figure 3.17: Molding and
Demolding……………………………………………………………..46
Figure 3.18: Curing of
Samples…………………………………………………………………...47
Figure 3.19: Compressive Strength Test………………………………………………...………...48
Figure 4.1: Average Compressive Strength
Graph……………………………………………..53
Figure 4.2: Average Compressive Strength for 28 days Line Graph…………………….
x
……..55