Todd`ôk 4>> — DOFOKXI O - 4>7

HOKT@HMH HOE DOFOKXI B@H\Í_E@DI

@KQ O — 4>7 — =4

= ILJOXI

=.= Ostm kirfm t`oko pir iljoti ostmleodor uk fàtihi ho oksmyi pmrm hotorf`kmr
em hoks`hmh hoe dofokti b`hríue`di.

=.< Ostm kirfm roofpemzm em kirfm @KQ O—4>7—>7.

< \OT_FOK HOE FÀXIHI

<.= Ofpeomkhi corisoko hosb`hrmtmhi i kmatm, so eeokm oe armsdi ho Eo Dbmtoe`or

bmstm uk pukti hotorf`kmhi y so tifm ukm eodturm `k`d`me ho vieufok. Euogi
so mgrogm ukm fmsm dikid`hm ho dofokti y so tifm em eodturm hoe vieufok
quo medmkzm pir oe eæqu`hi ok oe armsdi hol`hi me hospemzmf`okti quo suaro. To
h`v`ho em fmsm ho dofokti mýmh`hm pir em h`aorokd`m ho eodturms ho vieufok.
Em pruolm so holo rome`zmr m tofpormturm dikstmkto.

4 @F^I\XMKD@M P _TI

4.= Oe usi pr`kd`pme ho em hoks`hmh hoe dofokti b`hríue`di ostí roemd`ikmhm dik oe
h`soýi y oe diktrie ho fozdems ho dikdroti. Em hoks`hmh ki os uk `kh`dmhir
h`rodti ho em dme`hmh hoe dofokti, pori m pmrt`r ho oeem so puohok hohud`r
megukms dmrmdtoræst`dms dumkhi so mkme`zm ok dikjukti dik itrms prip`ohmhos.

4.< Dumkhi oe dofokti b`hríue`di so usm difi eeokmkto ok ems fozdems msaíet`dms,
su hoks`hmh `ktorv`oko ok eis díedueis vieufàtr`dis roquor`his pmrm oe h`soýi y
oe diktrie ho dme`hmh.

8 O]_@^I

8.= Armsdi ho Eo Dbmtoe`or — Holo tokor sodd`ôk trmksvorsme d`rduemr y dufpe`r dik
ems h`foks`ikos `kh`dmhms ok em A`gurm 4>7 - = (kitm =). Eis roqu`s`tis dik
rospodti m ems tieormkd`ms, `ksdr`pd`ikos y eikg`tuh, ospmd`mf`okti y
uk`airf`hmh ho ems grmhumd`ikos holok sor mtokh`his ok airfm ostr`dtm.

O 4>7 - =
 @kst`tuti Kmd`ikme ho Qæms
O - 4>7 Kirfms ho Oksmyi ho Fmtor`meos pmrm Dmrrotorms

Holorí ox`st`r uk ospmd`i ho ki fokis ho => ff oktro em fmrdm ho

grmhumd`ôk fís metm y oe pukti fís lmji hoe osfor`emhi hoe tmpôk ho v`hr`i.

8.=.= Oe armsdi holorí ostmr dikstru`hi dik v`hr`i ho em fojir dme`hmh,

trmkspmrokto y e`lro ho ostræms. Oe v`hr`i holo sor quæf`dmfokto
ros`stokto y tokor ukm poquoým b`stàros`s tàrf`dm. Xihi armsdi holo
sor tofpemhi du`hmhismfokto mktos ho sor grmhumhi y holorí tokor
uk osposir sua`d`okto pmrm msogurmr ukm rmzikmleo ros`stokd`m m em
riturm.

8.=.< Oe duoeei holorí ostmr grmhumhi ho > m = fe y ho =2 m <8 fe, dik

h`v`s`ikos ho >.= fe. Oe orrir ho dumequ`or dmpmd`hmh `kh`dmhm, ki
holorí sor supor`ir m >.>? fe.

8.=.4 Dmhm armsdi holor eeovmr uk kúfori ho `hokt`a`dmd`ôk porfmkokto y uk

tmpôk quo, m fokis quo som `ktordmfl`mleo, holo tokor oe f`sfi
kúfori ho `hokt`a`dmd`ôk. T` oe tmpôk y oe armsdi sik `ktordmfl`mleos,
mflis oeofoktis so holok fmrdmr dik oe sæfliei stmkhmrh—tmpor ( ),
sogu`hi pir em hos`gkmd`ôk hoe tmfmýi. Holo tokor `kh`dmhm em
tofpormturm pmtrôk, y em uk`hmh ho dmpmd`hmh so holo fistrmr dik ems
eotrms ―fe‖ pir okd`fm ho em fmrdm fís metm (vor A`gurm 4>7 - =).
=).

8.< Ok em hotorf`kmd`ôk ho em hoks`hmh so holok ofpeomr corisoko e`lro ho mgum i

kmatm, dik ukm hoks`hmh fmyir ho >.74 g/fe m <4 ½ <¾ D.

8.4 To porf`to oe usi ho oqu`pis i fàtihis metorkis pmrm hotorf`kmr em hoks`hmh

hoe dofokti b`hríue`di, s`ofpro y dumkhi oe rosuetmhi iltok`hi pir uk siei
4
ipormhir dik oe oqu`pi i fàtihi metorki, ki h`a`orm ok fís ho >.>4 Fg/f
hoe rosuetmhi iltok`hi foh`mkto oe fàtihi hosdr`ti ok ostm kirfm.

Kitm =: Dik oe h`soýi so `ktoktm gmrmkt`zmr oe hrokmjo difpeoti hoe armsdi dumkhi àsto so hosidupm y em
ostml`e`hmh ok pis`d`ôk vort`dme silro oe k`voe ho em supora`d`o, msæ difi em oxmdt`tuh y em prod`s`ôk ho em
eodturm.

Kitm <: To puohok prihud`r vmr`md`ikos ho ukis pidis ff ok h`foks`ikos tmeos difi, meturm titme hoe
armsdi, h`ífotri ho em lmso, oktro itris, y ki sor dmusm sua`d`okto ho rodbmzi. Ems h`foks`ikos hoe armsdi,
`kh`dmhms ok em A`gurm 4>7 - =, so mpe`dmk siemfokto m armsdis kuovis y ki m armsdis ok usi quo dufpeok
eis hofís roqu`s`tis ho osto fàtihi ho oksmyi.

O 4>7 - <
 Todd`ôk 4>> — DOFOKXI O - 4>7

A`gurm 4>7 - =. Armsdi ho Eo Dbmtoe`or

? ^\IDOH@F@OKXI

?.= Em hoks`hmh hoe dofokti so holo hotorf`kmr tme difi àsto so rod`lo, m fokis
quo so ospod`a`quo itrm dism. T` so roqu`oro em hotorf`kmd`ôk ho em hoks`hmh ho
ukm fuostrm e`lro ho pàrh`hms, so em holo sifotor pr`fori m `gk`d`ôk ho
mduorhi dik oe pridoh`f`okti hosdr`ti ok oe kuforme =1.= ho em kirfm MTXF D
==8.

O 4>7 - 4
 @kst`tuti Kmd`ikme ho Qæms
O - 4>7 Kirfms ho Oksmyi ho Fmtor`meos pmrm Dmrrotorms

?.< To eeokm oe armsdi (kitm 4) dik dumequ`orm ho eis eæqu`his ospod`a`dmhis ok oe

kuforme 8.< bmstm uk pukti s`tumhi oktro ems fmrdms > y = fe hoe duoeei (A`gurm
4>7 - <).
<). T` os kodosmr`i, so sodm oe `ktor`ir hoe armsdi pir okd`fm hoe k`voe
eæqu`hi, hospuàs ho vortorei. To mkitm em pr`form eodturm hospuàs ho suforg`r
oe armsdi ok oe lmýi ho mgum (kitm 8) difi so `kh`dm ok oe kuforme ?.8.

A`gurm 4>7 - <. Armsdi eeoki bmstm oe ospmd`i oktro ems fmrdms > y = fe

Kitm 4: To rodif`okhm usmr ukm mefibmh`eem ho dmudbi pmrm mpiymr oe armsdi me eeokmrei y g`rmrei.

Kitm 8: Mktos ho mgrogmr oe dofokti me armsdi, rosuetm ho ut`e`hmh dieidmr merohohir hoe duoeei hoe armsdi
ukm posm mkuemr biegmhm dik oe a`k ho fmktokor oe armsdi ok pis`d`ôk vort`dme ok oe lmýi ho mgum.
Metorkmt`vmfokto, so oe armsdi so puoho sistokor ok oe lmýi ofpeomkhi uk sujotmhir ho lurotm.

?.4 To mgrogm ukm dmkt`hmh ho dofokti (mprix`fmhmfokto 18 g ho dofokti

pirtemkh), posmhm dik ukm mprix`fmd`ôk ho >.>? g, ok poquoýms dmkt`hmhos y m
em f`sfm tofpormturm quo oe eæqu`hi (kitm 4), dik oe du`hmhi kodosmr`i pmrm
ov`tmr smep`dmhurms y em mhbos`ôk hoe dofokti m ems pmrohos hoe armsdi pir

okd`fm hoe
mh`d`ôk hoe eæqu`hi
dofokti(A`gurm 4>7hoe
hoktri - 4).
4)armsdi
. To puoho usmr quo
y ov`tmr uk v`lrmhir
so poguopmrm
okmdoeormr em
oe duoeei.
Hospuàs ho mgrogmr tihi oe dofokti, so dieidm oe tmpôk ok oe armsdi y so g`rm
àsto ok pis`d`ôk `kde`kmhm (kitm 4), i so ritm sumvofokto ok dærdueis
bir`ziktmeos pmrm e`lormr oe m`ro ok oe dofokti, bmstm quo ki msd`okhmk
lurlujms m em supora`d`o hoe eæqu`hi. T` so bm mýmh`hi ukm dmkt`hmh mprip`mhm ho
dofokti, oe k`voe hoe eæqu`hi ostmrí ok su pis`d`ôk a`kme ok megúk pukti ho em
sor`o supor`ir ho grmhumd`ikos. To tifm em eodturm a`kme euogi ho quo oe armsdi
so bmym suforg`hi ok oe lmýi ho mgum, ho mduorhi dik oe kuforme ?.8. Em
h`aorokd`m oktro ems his eodturms dirrospikho me vieufok hospemzmhi pir oe
dofokti.

O 4>7 - 8
 Todd`ôk 4>> — DOFOKXI O - 4>7

A`gurm 4>7 - 4. Mh`d`ôk hoe dofokti

?.8 To suforgo oe armsdi ok uk lmýi ho mgum m tofpormturm dikstmkto pir

poræihis sua`d`oktos pmrm ov`tmr vmr`md`ikos fmyiros ho >.<¾ D ok em
tofpormturm hoe armsdi oktro ems eodturms `k`d`me y a`kme.

1 DÍED_EIT

1.= Em h`aorokd`m oktro ems eodturms `k`d`me y a`kme roprosoktm oe vieufok hoe eæqu`hi
hospemzmhi pir em fmsm ho dofokti usmhm ok oe oksmyi.

1.< Em hoks`hmh hoe dofokti so dmeduem difi s`guo:

 
f

i 

df
  
msm ho dofokti 
iefok hospemmhi df 
S4>7.=V

Kitm ?: Oe vieufok hospemzmhi ok f`e`e`tris os oqu`vmeokto kufàr`dmfokto me vieufok hospemzmhi ok

doktæfotris dúl`dis

4
Kitm 1: Em hoks`hmh ok fogmgrmfis pir fotri dúl`di (Fg/f ) os oqu`vmeokto kufàr`dmfokto m em
4
hoks`hmh ok grmfis pir doktæfotri dúl`di (g/df ). Em hoks`hmh hoe dofokti, ύ, so holo dmeduemr dik tros
4
d`arms hod`fmeos y so mprix`fm m >.>= Fg/f .

Kitm 7: Ok roemd`ôk dik oe h`soýi y oe diktrie ho ems fozdems ho dikdroti, em hoks`hmh puoho sor fís út`e s`
so oxprosm difi hoks`hmh roemt`vm (grmvohmh ospodæa`dm), em dume os uk kúfori mh`foks`ikme. Em grmvohmh
ospodæa`dm so dmeduem dik em odumd`ôk:

O 4>7 - ?
 @kst`tuti Kmd`ikme ho Qæms
O - 4>7 Kirfms ho Oksmyi ho Fmtor`meos pmrm Dmrrotorms

oks`hmh hoe dofokti

rmohmh ospoddm S4>7.<V
oks`hmh hoe mm m  

4
Em hoks`hmh hoe mgum m 8¾ D os= Fg/f .

7 ^\OD@T@ÔK P TOTGI

7.= ^rod`s`ôk:

7.=.= To bm hotorf`kmhi quo pmrm uk ipormhir, em hosv`md`ôk ostíkhmr pmrm

dofoktis pirtemkh os >.>=<. ^ir ei tmkti, eis rosuetmhis ho his
oksmyis oaodtumhis pir uk f`sfi ipormhir, silro ukm f`sfm fuostrm
ho dofokti, ki holorík h`aor`r ok fís ho >.>4.

7.=.< To bm hotorf`kmhi quo hosv`md`ôk ostíkhmr fuet`emlirmtir`i pmrm

dofoktis pirtemkh osok>.>47.

oksmyis oaodtumhis ^ir eiemlirmtir`is,
h`aoroktos tmkti, eis rosuetmhis
silro oe ho his
f`sfi
dofokti, ki holorík h`aor`r ok fís ho >.=>.

7.< Tosgi — ^uosti quo ki ox`sto uk fmtor`me ho roaorokd`m mdoptmhi pmrm em

hotorf`kmd`ôk hoe sosgi msid`mhi dik osto fàtihi ho oksmyi, ki so prosoktm
ukm hodemrmd`ôk me rospodti.

2 KI\FMT HO \OAO\OKD@M

MTXF D =22 — >0.

O 4>7 - 1