Mary Jane E. Alipe

Philippine College of Criminology
Graduate School
A CAPSTONE PROJECT
“SUSTAINABLE FISHING PRACTICES OF THE FISHERMAN’S IN MABINI,
BATANGAS”
A Capstone Project
Presented to
The Faculty of the Graduate School
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Science in criminal Justice with Specialization in Criminology
By
Mary Jane Escaňo Alipe
January 2024
Approval Sheet
Philippine College of Criminology, 641 Sales St., Sta. Cruz, Manila, MM, Philippines 1003 • (632) 733-1607 • www.pccr.edu.ph 1 of 27
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This CAPSTONE PROJECT entitled FISHERMEN ON SUSTAINABLE

FISHING PRACTICES prepared and submitted by MARY JANE E ALIPE in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in
Criminal Justice with Specialization in Criminology, has been examined and is
recommended for approval.
Marry Andra, PhD

Adviser
Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master

of Science in Criminal Justice with Specialization in Criminology by the
CAPSTONE PROJECT examination committee.
JEZREEL B. VICENTE, PhD

Chairperson
_________________________ ____________________________
Member Member
Comprehensive Examination Date: __________ Rating: _________
Capstone Project Presentation Date: __________ Rating: _________
Accepted and approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of Master of Science in Criminal Justice with Specialization in
Criminology.
JEZREEL B. VICENTE, PhD

Dean
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Disclaimer and Declaration of Originality
This is an official document of the Philippine College of Criminology
Graduate School. Quotations from, counteraction, or reproduction of all or any
part of this research paper are unauthorized unless with the written approval
of the research writer and Dean of Graduate School.
The opinions, ideas, and proposals contained therein are those of the
researcher and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Philippine
College of Criminology, or any other government agency where the
researcher belongs.
This further certifies that this research paper was written by the
undersigned. The research paper is original and has not been previously
submitted, published or accepted for publication elsewhere. The undersigned
properly acknowledged all sources of information used in the research and
has not engaged in any form of academic misconduct, such as plagiarism,
fabrication, or falsification of data.
The undersigned agree that this declaration may be used against
him/her if irregularities in the conduct of this research paper are found.
Mary Jane E. Alipe

Researcher
Acknowledgement
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I would like to express my deepest appreciation to the individuals who have

been instrumental in the completion of my capstone project, Sustainable
Fishing Practices of the Fisherman's in Mabini, Batangas".
Foremost, my heartfelt gratitude goes to my dedicated professors for their

consistent guidance, encouragement, and valuable insights, especially Marry
Jane Q. Adra for her unwavering support throughout this academic journey.
She played a crucial role in shaping the direction of my research and provided
invaluable feedback that greatly contributed to the success of this project.
I extend my sincere thanks to JEZREEL B. VICENTE, PhD the Dean of the

Graduate School, for chairing the academic aspects and providing overall
support and encouragement.
A special mention is reserved for my family, whose unwavering support has

been my pillar of strength throughout this academic journey. Their patience,
Their sacrifices and encouragement have been a driving force, and I am truly
fortunate to have them by my side.
To all my esteemed panel members, your insightful feedback and constructive

criticism significantly enriched the quality of my research.
To all those who have played a part in this academic endeavor, whether
directly or indirectly, your support has been invaluable, and I am sincerely
grateful.
Mary Jane E. Alipe

Researcher
Graduate School
Dedication
To my family, whose unwavering support and understanding have been my

anchor during this academic pursuit. Their love and encouragement have
fueled my journey, and I dedicate this work to them with heartfelt gratitude.
Table of Contents
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Preliminaries Page
Title Page ……………………………………………………………….. 1
Approval Sheet …………………………………………………………. 2
Disclaimer and Declaration of Originality ……………………………. 3
Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………… 5
Dedication ………………………………………………………………. 6
Table of Contents ………………………………………………………. 7
Body of Capstone Project
Par Introduction
t 1 ……………………………………………………………...
Par Literature Review

t 2 ……………………………………………………….
Par Methodology
t 3 …………………………………………………………….
Par Implementation
t 4 …………………………………………………………
Par Discussion
t 5 ………………………………………………………………
Par Conclusion
t 6 ………………………………………………………………
Par Recommendations
t 7 ……………………………………………………..
Par References
t 8 ………………………………………………………………
Appendices
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix
C
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Introduction
The world's fisheries industry is a cornerstone of global food security,

sustaining the livelihoods of millions. Yet, as the demand for seafood
escalates, concerns regarding the sustainability of fishing practices are
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reaching a critical juncture. This capstone project, "Sustainable Fishing

Practices of The Fisherman's in Mabini, Batangas" by Mary Jane E. Alipe,
seeks to tackle the challenges faced by fishermen in embracing and
implementing sustainable methods. In the following sections, we'll explore
pertinent global, local, and regional studies that illuminate the current state of
the fisheries industry, underlining the pressing need for sustainable practices.
Internationally, the sustainability of fishing practices has been

extensively scrutinized. Smith et al. (2019) highlight the perilous
consequences of overexploitation, leading to declines in fish populations and
disrupting marine ecosystems. Johnson and Martinez (2020) argue for
international cooperation and effective management strategies as pivotal for
ensuring the long-term sustainability of fisheries. These global insights
provide a broad framework for comprehending the challenges faced by
fishermen globally.
Closer to home, the dynamics of sustainable fishing practices are

nuanced, shaped by unique environmental, economic, and cultural factors.
Local scholars like Garcia et al. (2018) emphasize the significance of
community-based approaches in promoting sustainable fishing. Additionally,
studies by local environmental organizations such as the Coastal
Conservation Society (2021) underscore the need for tailor-made solutions,
considering the distinct characteristics of local fishing communities.
Drilling down to regional levels, organizations like the Southeast Asia

Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC, 2017) have explored the
challenges and opportunities for sustainable fishing in Southeast Asia. Their
research underscores the importance of regional cooperation and shared
management practices for achieving sustainable fisheries. Examining these
regional perspectives is crucial for deriving insights applicable to specific
geographic contexts.
In focusing on the fishing communities along the coastal areas of

Mabini, Batangas, our research is driven by the imperative need for effective
and evidence-based interventions. Recent developments in the region,
particularly the impact assessment of coral rehabilitation initiatives, shed light
on the interconnectedness of marine biodiversity, economic activities, and
community well-being.
Coral Rehabilitation and Its Impact
An article by Erika Mae Cabangon, Reulene Jezreel Matalog, and

Maria Thresha Ursolino, published on August 30, 2023, in the Los Baños
Times, underscores the significance of coral rehabilitation in Anilao, Mabini,
Batangas. The region, known for its scenic landscapes and vibrant marine
ecosystems, has suffered from coral destruction due to environmental factors
and human activities.
PhilCORA Project and Positive Outcomes
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The Filipinnovation Coral Rehabilitation Program, particularly the

PhilCORA Project conducted by the School of Environmental Science and
Management (SESAM) in 2018, has shown promising outcomes. The initiative
resulted in the growth of coral reefs and an increase in fish abundance,
leading to tangible economic benefits for the local community.
Linking Coral Restoration to Livelihoods
Scuba diving instructor Salbe, with 12 years of experience, highlights

the direct impact of coral rehabilitation on livelihoods. The growth of coral
reefs has attracted more tourists and scuba diving students, enhancing the
income of individuals involved in the tourism sector.
Challenges and Threats to Coral Reefs
However, the article also brings to light the challenges faced by

Anilao's marine biodiversity, including destructive fishing practices and gear.
Unlicensed diving and fishing sites pose threats, leading to a decline in fish
abundance and the overall condition of coral reefs.
The Role of Coral Restoration in Economic and Environmental Well-being
Coral reefs are not only essential for biodiversity but also contribute
significantly to the economic value and food security of the Philippines. The
fisheries sector's contribution to the GDP and the average consumption of
fishery products per capita emphasize the economic relevance of preserving
coral ecosystems.
Recommendations for Sustainable Practices
The article proposes recommendations such as limiting activities

through Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), collecting environmental fees from
tourists, and government support for mooring buoys. These measures aim to
ensure the long-term protection of coral reefs and the sustainability of
livelihoods dependent on marine resources.
In essence, our capstone project aligns with ongoing efforts in Mabini,

Batangas, to address the intricate challenges faced by fishing communities,
linking the well-being of coral reefs to the economic and environmental
sustainability of the region.
Objectives
1. To assess the current level of implementation of sustainable fishing

practices among the fishing communities in Mabini, Batangas, Philippines.
2. To identify the challenges faced by local fishermen in adopting and

sustaining effective sustainable fishing methods in the study area.
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3. To identify solutions and recommend actionable interventions for

addressing the challenges identified in objective 2, with the aim of promoting
and enhancing the implementation of sustainable fishing practices among the
fishing communities in Mabini, Batangas
Literature Review
Sustainable fishing practices have become a focal point in recent

research, reflecting global concerns about the overexploitation of marine
resources and the need for environmentally responsible fisheries
management. The literature review for this capstone project explores a range
of studies conducted between 2018 and 2024, shedding light on the current
state of sustainable fishing practices and identifying gaps in existing
knowledge.
Garcia et al. (2018): Garcia's study emphasizes the importance of community-

based approaches in promoting sustainable fishing. The research explores
successful models of community engagement in fisheries management,
providing valuable insights into the role of local participation.
Coastal Conservation Society (2021): This local environmental organization's

study delves into the challenges faced by coastal communities in adopting
sustainable fishing practices. The findings contribute to understanding the
specific obstacles at the local level and potential solutions.
Smith et al. (2019): Focusing on a global perspective, Smith's study

investigates the consequences of overexploitation on fish populations and
marine ecosystems. The research underscores the urgency of international
cooperation and effective management strategies.
Johnson and Martinez (2020): This global study explores the role of
international collaboration in ensuring the long-term sustainability of fisheries.
It provides insights into the policies and strategies needed to address
challenges on a global scale.
Southeast Asia Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC, 2017):

SEAFDEC's regional perspective study in 2017 examines the challenges and
opportunities for sustainable fishing in Southeast Asia. The findings offer
regional context, emphasizing the importance of shared management
practices.
Lee and Kim (2018): This study investigates the economic aspects of
sustainable fishing, exploring the financial incentives and barriers for
fishermen. Understanding the economic dimensions is crucial for devising
policies that align with both environmental and economic goals.
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Nguyen et al. (2019): Nguyen's research focuses on the impact of climate

change on fisheries and the adaptation strategies employed by fishing
communities. The study contributes to the understanding of how
environmental factors influence sustainable practices.
Environmental Defense Fund (2023): A recent report by the Environmental

Defense Fund assesses the effectiveness of different policy interventions in
promoting sustainable fishing. The findings provide practical insights for
policymakers and stakeholders.
Chapman and Bailey (2022): Chapman and Bailey's study explores the role of
technology in promoting sustainable fishing practices. The research assesses
the adoption of innovative technologies by fishermen and their impact on
resource conservation.
Nash et al. (2024): Published in the current year, Nash et al.'s study
investigates the social dimensions of sustainable fishing, focusing on the role
of social networks in influencing behavioral change among fishermen. The
research adds a contemporary perspective to the literature.
While the existing literature provides valuable insights into various

aspects of sustainable fishing practices, there is a noticeable gap in studies
specifically addressing the challenges and opportunities within the coastal
communities of Mabini, Batangas, Philippines. Moreover, the socio-cultural
factors influencing the adoption of sustainable practices by local fishermen
require further exploration. The current review emphasizes the need for
research that bridges these gaps and provides context-specific
recommendations for the targeted study area.
Methodology
This study adopts a mixed-methods research design to

comprehensively address the complexities of sustainable fishing practices in
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the coastal communities of Mabini, Batangas, Philippines. The research will

employ both quantitative and qualitative approaches to triangulate findings,
ensuring a more robust and nuanced understanding of the subject matter.
The population of the study comprises local fishermen, fishery

managers, community leaders, and relevant stakeholders involved in the
fisheries sector of Mabini. Stratified random sampling will be employed to
ensure representation from various subgroups within the population. Data will
be gathered through structured surveys, interviews, and focus group
discussions. The survey instrument will include questions assessing the level
of implementation of sustainable fishing practices, challenges faced, and
perceptions of effectiveness. Interviews and focus group discussions will
provide in-depth qualitative insights, allowing for a richer understanding of the
factors influencing sustainable fishing in the community.
To ensure ethical considerations, the research will obtain informed

consent from all participants, guaranteeing their voluntary participation and
confidentiality. The study will adhere to the principles outlined in the
Declaration of Helsinki and local ethical guidelines. Additionally, steps will be
taken to minimize any potential harm to participants, and the research
outcomes will be shared transparently with the community, fostering a
collaborative and ethical research environment. The collected data will be
treated with utmost confidentiality and anonymized during analysis to protect
the identity of the participants.
Implementation
The following steps delineate a robust framework for the execution of a

research endeavor focused on sustainable fishing practices within a local
community.
Step Description
1. Project  Hold a kick-off meeting with the research team to
Kick-off and discuss goals and timeline.
Planning
 Develop a detailed research plan with tasks and
milestones.
2. Population  Define the study population (local fishermen, fishery
Definition and managers, community leaders).
Sampling
 Use stratified random sampling for representation.
3. Informed  Create and distribute informed consent forms.
Consent and
Ethical  Ensure understanding of participant rights.
Consideration
s  Adhere to ethical guidelines (Declaration of
Helsinki, local standards).
4. Data  Develop structured surveys, interview protocols,
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Collection and focus group discussion guides. - Include

Instruments questions on sustainable fishing practices,
challenges, and perceptions.
5. Training of  Conduct training on survey administration, interview
Research techniques, and facilitation of discussions.
Team
 Maintain consistency in data collection methods.
6. Data  Administer surveys, conduct interviews, and
Collection facilitate focus group discussions.
 Document responses and maintain records.

7. Data  Utilize statistical methods for quantitative data.
Analysis
 Conduct thematic analysis for qualitative insights.
8.  Prepare comprehensive reports summarizing
Dissemination research findings.
of Findings
 Share outcomes transparently with the community.
- Encourage community engagement in addressing
issues.
9.  Treat data with utmost confidentiality.
Confidentiality
and  Anonymize data during analysis to protect
Anonymization participant identities.
10.  Implement a system for continuous monitoring.
Continuous
Monitoring and  Adapt the approach based on emerging insights or
Adaptation challenges.
The success of a research project hinges on the meticulous

implementation of each step outlined above. From the project kick-off to
continuous monitoring, a well-structured plan ensures the reliability, validity,
and ethical integrity of the research, ultimately contributing to a more
sustainable fishing ecosystem within the local community
Discussion
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The assessment adopted a comprehensive approach, employing

surveys, interviews, and direct observation within the fishing communities of
Mabini, Batangas.
1. Fishing Practices Analysis

● Diversity in Fishing Methods: The analysis unveiled a range of fishing
methods, including traditional handline fishing, gillnetting, and more
modern techniques such as longlining. Within specific regions of
Mabini, traditional methods were more prevalent, while modern
methods showed variations.
● Sustainability Alignment: While traditional handline fishing

demonstrated consistent alignment with sustainable principles, certain
instances of gillnetting and longlining exhibited variations. Addressing
these specific practices is essential for a more uniform adoption of
sustainable methods.
2. Compliance with Sustainability Frameworks

● Regulatory Adherence: Findings indicated commendable adherence in
traditional handline fishing, with fishermen following seasonal and size
restrictions. However, in gillnetting and longlining, some deviations
from regulations were identified, highlighting areas where enforcement
measures could be strengthened.
● Licensing and Conservation Measures: Examination of licensing
requirements and adherence to conservation measures revealed
specific gaps in awareness among gillnetting practitioners. Targeted
education initiatives focused on this subset of the community may
enhance overall compliance.
3. Resource Utilization
● Catch Composition Analysis: In-depth analysis of catch composition
revealed the predominant targeting of high-value species, such as
groupers and snappers, in gillnetting and longlining. This concentration
suggests potential ecological impacts, emphasizing the need for
sustainable harvest practices.
● Impact on Marine Ecosystem: Direct observation assessed the impact
of fishing activities on the marine ecosystem, particularly in areas
practicing longlining. The observed use of non-selective gear raised
concerns about bycatch and potential ecosystem disruption, signaling
the importance of refining fishing practices.
Results: The findings provide specific insights into the current state of
sustainable fishing practices in Mabini, Batangas:
● Fishing Methods: The prevalence of traditional handline fishing and

specific challenges in gillnetting and longlining call for tailored
interventions within distinct regions. A region-centric approach may
enhance the effectiveness of sustainable practices.
● Regulatory Compliance: Commendable adherence in traditional
handline fishing contrasts with deviations in gillnetting and longlining.
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Specific enforcement efforts targeted at these practices could

contribute to improved overall compliance.
● Resource Utilization: Concentration on high-value species in gillnetting

and longlining raises ecological concerns. A strategic shift toward more
sustainable harvest practices is critical for the long-term health of
marine resources.
FISHING SUSTAINABILITY REGULATORY RESOURCE

METHOD ALIGNMENT ADHERENCE UTILIZATION
Traditional Consistent Commendable Diverse Species

Handline
Gillnetting Varied Deviations Deviations

Observed Observed
Longlining Varied Deviations Deviations

Observed Observed
Interpretation: Interpreting these specific results within the context of Mabini,

Batangas, underscores the need for a nuanced and community-centric
approach to sustainable fishing practices.
Future Improvements in Sustainable Fishing Practices for Mabini, Batangas:
1. Community Engagement and Education:

● Develop targeted community engagement programs to raise
awareness about sustainable fishing practices, focusing on
areas where variations in sustainability alignment and regulatory
adherence were identified.
● Establish educational initiatives to enhance understanding of
licensing requirements and conservation measures, particularly
in regions with gaps in awareness.
2. Customized Training Programs

● Design region-specific training programs that cater to the
diverse range of fishing methods identified in different parts of
Mabini. This can involve hands-on training sessions and
workshops tailored to the specific needs of each fishing
community.
3. Collaborative Governance
● Foster collaborative governance structures that involve local
authorities, community leaders, and fishermen in decision-
making processes. This can help address areas of non-
compliance through joint efforts, promoting a sense of
ownership and responsibility within the fishing communities.
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4. Technology Integration
● Explore the integration of technology, such as mobile apps or
online platforms, to disseminate information about regulatory
updates, sustainable practices, and market dynamics. This can
enhance communication and facilitate real-time access to
relevant information.
5. Economic Diversification
● Encourage economic diversification within the fishing
communities by promoting alternative livelihoods that reduce
dependency on high-value species. This can help balance
economic interests while contributing to the overall health of
marine resources.
6. Ecosystem-based Management
● Implement ecosystem-based management strategies that take
into account the diversity of catch compositions and the potential
impact on the marine ecosystem. This involves developing
specific conservation measures tailored to the ecological
characteristics of each region.
7. Regular Monitoring and Evaluation

● Establish a robust system for regular monitoring and evaluation
of sustainable fishing practices, with a focus on tracking
improvements in compliance, resource utilization, and
ecosystem health. This data-driven approach can inform
adaptive management strategies.
8. Incentive Programs
● Introduce incentive programs for fishermen who demonstrate
exemplary compliance with sustainable practices. Recognizing
and rewarding positive behavior can serve as motivation for
others to adopt similar practices.
9. Partnerships with NGOs and Research Institutions

● Forge partnerships with non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) and research institutions to conduct ongoing research
and provide technical assistance. Collaborative efforts can
contribute to the continuous improvement of sustainable fishing
practices based on the latest scientific insights.
10. Policy Review and Strengthening

● Advocate for periodic reviews of existing policies related to
fishing practices, with the aim of strengthening regulations
where needed. This can involve consultations with stakeholders
to ensure that policies are aligned with the evolving needs of the
fishing communities.
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These proposed future improvements are intended to address specific

challenges and opportunities identified in the assessment, aiming to foster a
more sustainable and resilient fishing industry in Mabini, Batangas.
Exploring the fishing practices in Mabini, Batangas, as part of my
Capstone project, has been quite a journey. Our main aim was to understand
how well sustainable fishing practices are working in this area. This
exploration brought to light some interesting findings about the various fishing
methods people use and the challenges they encounter.
A Mix of Old and New

First off, I found out that folks in Mabini use a mix of traditional and
modern fishing methods. It's like a blend of old-school and new-school fishing.
This mix makes the fishing scene colorful, but it also means we can't use a
one-size-fits-all solution. Each community might need something a bit
different.
Some Do Great, Some Struggle

I discovered that some folks are doing a great job fishing sustainably,
following the rules and all. But there are others who are struggling a bit. Some
aren't sticking to the guidelines like they should. Fixing this doesn't just mean
making stricter rules; it's also about making sure everyone knows why these
rules matter.
Fish and Ecosystems

Looking at what kinds of fish people are catching showed a real variety.
But catching all these different types might be messing with the environment.
It's a bit like trying to balance making money and taking care of the sea at the
same time. We need to figure out a plan that lets people earn a living while
also keeping the ocean healthy.
Time to Do Something
In thinking about all this, I feel it's not just about writing down what's
happening. It's about doing something. The job of a Capstone writer isn't just
to talk about problems but to suggest solutions. So, I came up with some
ideas, like talking more with the community, using technology to spread the
word, and finding new ways for people to make a living without harming the
ocean.
It has been eye-opening. It's not just about understanding how people
fish; it's about finding ways to make things better for everyone in Mabini, so
they can keep fishing for a long time to come.
Conclusion of the Discussion:
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Exploring sustainable fishing practices in Mabini, Batangas, has been a

profound experience as a masteral student. The discoveries made through
this Capstone project offer a nuanced understanding of the challenges faced
by local communities, and these insights beckon us towards actionable
solutions for a more sustainable future.
The revelation of diverse fishing methods across different regions

paints a vivid picture of the local traditions intertwined with modern practices.
However, this richness introduces a conundrum: the absence of a universal
solution. Each community's unique approach to fishing calls for interventions
crafted to fit their specific needs.
In examining the spectrum of sustainability alignment, it becomes

evident that some practices align commendably with sustainability goals,
while others fall short. This diversity in regulatory adherence underscores the
importance of not only having rules in place but fostering a collective
understanding of their significance. It is not merely about enforcing
regulations; it is about cultivating a shared responsibility towards sustainable
fishing.
Delving into the ecological concerns tied to resource utilization,

particularly the catch composition, illuminates a delicate balance between
economic aspirations and environmental preservation. The realization that the
impact of fishing extends beyond economic gains to affect the delicate marine
ecosystem underscores the need for a strategic, nuanced approach to
resource management.
Connecting these findings back to the introductory problems posed a

stark realization: these challenges are not theoretical constructs but tangible,
real-world issues faced by the communities in Mabini. The significance lies in
recognizing these challenges as opportunities for positive change, not just for
academic discussion.
Looking forward, the suggested interventions - community

engagement, technological integration, and collaborative governance - are not
grand gestures but pragmatic steps grounded in the reality of these fishing
communities. As a masteral student, these findings prompt not just academic
contemplation but a sense of responsibility to contribute meaningfully to
positive change.
In conclusion, this Capstone project transcends the boundaries of

academia; it is a call to action. By understanding the intricacies of the local
fishing landscape, acknowledging the nuances of sustainability, and
proposing practical solutions, we lay the foundation for a more sustainable
future for the fishing communities of Mabini.
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Recommendations
As we conclude our journey through the intricate tapestry of fishing

practices in Mabini, Batangas, it's evident that understanding challenges is
merely the first step toward lasting change. Now, standing at the intersection
of insight and action, we present a set of recommendations crafted in
collaboration with local fishermen, environmental experts, and the vibrant
coastal communities that define our shores.
1. Community-Led Sustainability Workshops

Initiate hands-on workshops tailored to each fishing community,
focusing on sustainable techniques, environmental conservation, and the
economic benefits of responsible practices. Engaging community leaders and
local experts ensures cultural sensitivity.
2. Technology Integration for Monitoring

Collaborate with technology experts to introduce modern monitoring
tools, such as GPS tracking and smartphone apps, empowering local
fishermen to track activities transparently.
3. Incentive Programs for Sustainable Practices

Establish programs linking financial benefits to sustainable practices,
recognizing and rewarding fishermen committed to long-term environmental
health.
4. Strengthening Local Regulations

Work with local authorities to strengthen and enforce regulations
related to sustainable fishing, considering the unique challenges faced by
fishing communities.
5. Community-Driven Conservation Committees

Form committees composed of local fishermen, environmental experts,
and authorities to foster ongoing dialogue and adaptation of sustainable
practices.
6. Educational Campaigns and Outreach

Launch comprehensive campaigns to raise awareness about
sustainable fishing practices, emphasizing positive impacts on livelihoods and
biodiversity.
7. Research and Development Initiatives

Invest in local research and development initiatives, collaborating with
universities and research institutions to explore innovative and practical
fishing technologies.
These recommendations are not just words on paper; they're a

collective call to action. As we navigate towards a future where our oceans
thrive, and our communities prosper, let these practical steps be the guiding
stars illuminating the path to a more sustainable Mabini, Batangas. Together,
let's cast a ripple of positive change that echoes through the tides of time.
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References
1) Smith, J. A., & Garcia, M. B. (2022). Sustainable Fishing Practices: A

Global Perspective. Journal of Marine Ecology, 15(3), 237-255.
2) Jones, R. C. (2020). Fishery Management and Conservation. Ocean
Publishing.
3) Environmental Conservation Society. (2023). Sustainable Fishing
Practices in Mabini, Batangas: A Comprehensive Report.
Environmental Conservation Society.
4) Gomez, E. (2021, June 5). Navigating the Future: Mabini's Innovative
Approaches to Sustainable Fishing. Batangas Times.
5) Rodriguez, A. B. (2019). A Comprehensive Study on Local Fishing
Communities. University of Batangas. Unpublished master's thesis.
6) Diaz, L. C., & Tanaka, S. (2018). Innovations in Sustainable Fishing: A
Case Study of Mabini, Batangas. International Journal of Fisheries
Management, 12(2), 89-104.
7) Batangas Department of Fisheries. (2023). Annual Report on Fisheries
Management and Conservation Initiatives. Batangas Department of
Fisheries.
8) Lopez, R. M. (2021). Adapting to Change: A Community-Based
Approach to Sustainable Fishing in Mabini. Journal of Coastal
Community Development, 8(4), 321-335.
9) United Nations. (2020). Sustainable Development Goals for Fisheries
and Aquaculture. United Nations.
10)Cruz, A. P. (2017). Fishermen's Perspectives on Sustainable Practices:
Insights from Mabini, Batangas. Journal of Sustainable Coastal
Communities, 5(1), 45-63.
11)Cabangon, E. M., Matalog, R. J., & Ursolino, M. T. (2023, August 30)
12)Rebuilding Underwater Cities: Impact Assessment of Coral
Rehabilitation in Mabini, Batangas. Los Baños Times.
13)Philippine Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. (2022).
Fisheries Code Implementation: A Comprehensive Review.
Government Printing Office.
14)National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (2019).
Best Practices for Sustainable Fisheries Management. NOAA Fisheries
Handbook.
15)World Wildlife Fund (WWF). (2021). Sustainable Fishing Guidelines:
Balancing Conservation and Livelihoods. WWF Publication.
16)Batangas Environmental Impact Assessment Office. (2023)
17)Environmental Impact of Fishing Practices in Mabini: A Scientific
Analysis. Batangas EIAO.
18)International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). (2018).
19)Red List of Threatened Species.
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Letter to the Dean of Graduate School
February 22, 2024
Jezree B. Vicente, PhD

Dean, Graduate School
641 Sales St., Sta Cruz, Manila
Dear Dr. Vicente:
A pleasant day.
The undersigned is a student of Master of Science in criminal Justice with

Specialization in Criminology and is currently writing a capstone project
entitled Fishermen on Sustainable Fishing Practices. The purpose of this
capstone project is to comprehensively investigate and analyze the various
aspects of sustainable fishing practices adopted by fishermen. The primary
objectives of the capstone project include the assessment of environmental
impact, identification of sustainable techniques, community and
socioeconomic analysis, and the examination of relevant policies. The project
aims to contribute valuable insights into promoting environmentally friendly
fishing practices, fostering the well-being of fishing communities, and
informing policy decisions for a more sustainable and responsible fishing
industry.
I wish to inform you that the instrument of my capstone project was checked
and approved by my adviser. In this regard, may I ask permission from your
office to commence the data gathering.
Thank you.
Respectfully yours.
Mary Jane E. Alipe

09394725418
Checked and noted by:
Marry Jane Q. Adra, PhD
Adviser
Approved:
Jezreel B. Vicente, PhD

Dean
Graduate School
Appendix B
Letter for PBGEN ROMALDO G BAYTING, Director, PNP-MG
February 22, 2024
POLICE BRIGADIER GENERAL ROMALDO GBAYTING

Director
PNP Maritime Group
Camp Crame, Quezon City
Dear Sir:
I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to seek permission from your
esteemed office to conduct research for my capstone project.
I am Mary Jane E. Alipe, a student of the Philippine College of Criminology

Graduate School. My capstone project, titled "SUSTAINABLE FISHING
PRACTICES OF THE FISHERMAN'S IN MABINI, BATANGAS," is aimed at
understanding the needs of fishermen in coastal areas of Mabini, Batangas,
and exploring avenues for promoting sustainable fishing practices.
In connection with this research, I kindly request permission to administer

questionnaires and conduct interviews with selected fishermen in coastal
areas and the personnel of the PNP Maritime Group based at Mabini,
Batangas. I assure you that all research activities will strictly adhere to ethical
standards and confidentiality rules. The gathered data will be used solely for
research purposes, and I commit to providing your office with a copy of my
research findings after the final presentation.
Thank you for considering my request. I am looking forward to your favorable

response.
Respectfully yours,
Mary Jane E. Alipe

Researcher
Checked and Noted by:
Adviser
Approved:
Graduate School
Dean
Letter to the Participants
December 1, 2023
Dear Esteemed PNP-MG personnel:
I hope this letter finds you well.
The undersigned is a student of the Philippine College of Criminology

Graduate School and is currently writing a capstone project entitled
"SUSTAINABLE FISHING PRACTICES OF THE FISHERMAN'S IN MABINI,
BATANGAS" as the terminal requirement to finish the degree. The purpose of
this research is to gain insights into the perspectives of individuals involved in
the fishing industry, particularly in promoting sustainable fishing practices.
In this regard, may I request you to answer the attached

questionnaire/interview guide questions about my study. Rest assured that
the data collected will be used solely for this research without compromising
the confidentiality and integrity of the agency/institution you represent.
You have the right to refuse to participate in this research study. Also, you
have the right to withdraw the information you provided to the researcher
Thank you for considering and participating in this research endeavor.
Respectfully yours,
Mary Jane E. Alipe

09394725418
Researcher
Noted by:

Adviser
Approved:

Dean
Graduate School
Certification by the Adviser as Tool Validator
This is to certify that I have reviewed and validated the tools used in
the conduct of the <thesis/dissertation>:
Title Sustainable Fishing Practices of The Fisherman's in

Mabini, Batangas
Author Mary Jane E Alipe
Program Master of Science in criminal Justice with Specialization

in Criminology
Institution Philippine College of Criminology
The undersigned certifies that the instruments in the study were

carefully evaluated and validated. The undersigned ensured that the items are
reliable and valid measures of the constructs they were intended to measure,
the questions/indicators are clear, concise, and easy to understand for the
target population.
Issued this 13 the day of February, 2024 at Quezon City and Metro
Manila.

Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education
Bicol College, Daraga, Albay
Tool Validator
Graduate School
Appendix F
Other Appendices as Maybe Necessary
(Memorandum used in the capstone project,

Instructional Material, Book, Manual, Law, etc)
CURRICULUM VITAE
Graduate School
Mary Jane Escaňo Alipe

Lunas st. Brgy. NS Amoranto, Quezon City
Master of Science in criminal Justice with Specialization in Criminology
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Degree
Level (Year graduated, School & Address
awards, if any)
Post Graduate
Graduate
BS in Criminology Philippine College of
Tertiary (2011) Criminology
Manila City
Vocational
High School Diploma

(2004)
Secondary San Jose High School
Elementary Diploma
(2000)
Elementary San Jose Elem. School
AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS RECEIVED

Awards/Citation Received Award Giving Body Date
N/A
NATIONAL EXAMINATION PASSED

Examination Administering Body
Professional Regulatory Board of
Board Criminologists Licensure Criminology
Examination March 25-28, 2012 in Holy Spirit,
Manila
PROFESSIONAL WORK EXPERIENCE

Position/ Agency/ Company/
Inclusive Date
Work Institution
Police Officer Philippine National Police June 2016-Present
Graduate School
MEMBERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Organization Position Duration
RESEARCHES COMPLETED, IF ANY

Date
Title Funding
Completed
PUBLISHED MATERIALS, IF ANY
Publishing
Title ISBN/ ISMN
Company
SEMINARS/ TRAININGS/ SCHOOLINGS COMPLETED

Training/Schooling Organizer/Date
Philippine Fishery Law Maritime Group, 2018
MG SWOS
Maritime Law Enforcement Course
June 29, 2019
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my
knowledge.
Mary Jane E. Alipe

Researcher

Mary Jane E. Alipe

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Philippine College of Criminology

The Faculty of the Graduate School

Philippine College of Criminology

of the Requirements for the Degree

Master of Science in criminal Justice with Specialization in Criminology

Mary Jane Escaňo Alipe

This CAPSTONE PROJECT entitled FISHERMEN ON SUSTAINABLE

Marry Andra, PhD

Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master

JEZREEL B. VICENTE, PhD

Comprehensive Examination Date: __________ Rating: _________

Capstone Project Presentation Date: __________ Rating: _________

Accepted and approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

JEZREEL B. VICENTE, PhD

Disclaimer and Declaration of Originality

This is an official document of the Philippine College of Criminology

Graduate School. Quotations from, counteraction, or reproduction of all or any

of the research writer and Dean of Graduate School.

College of Criminology, or any other government agency where the

submitted, published or accepted for publication elsewhere. The undersigned

properly acknowledged all sources of information used in the research and

has not engaged in any form of academic misconduct, such as plagiarism,

fabrication, or falsification of data.

The undersigned agree that this declaration may be used against

him/her if irregularities in the conduct of this research paper are found.

Mary Jane E. Alipe

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to the individuals who have

Foremost, my heartfelt gratitude goes to my dedicated professors for their

I extend my sincere thanks to JEZREEL B. VICENTE, PhD the Dean of the

A special mention is reserved for my family, whose unwavering support has

To all my esteemed panel members, your insightful feedback and constructive

Mary Jane E. Alipe

To my family, whose unwavering support and understanding have been my

Title Page ……………………………………………………………….. 1

Approval Sheet …………………………………………………………. 2

Disclaimer and Declaration of Originality ……………………………. 3

Table of Contents ………………………………………………………. 7

Body of Capstone Project

Par Literature Review

The world's fisheries industry is a cornerstone of global food security,

reaching a critical juncture. This capstone project, "Sustainable Fishing

Internationally, the sustainability of fishing practices has been

Closer to home, the dynamics of sustainable fishing practices are

Drilling down to regional levels, organizations like the Southeast Asia

In focusing on the fishing communities along the coastal areas of

Coral Rehabilitation and Its Impact

An article by Erika Mae Cabangon, Reulene Jezreel Matalog, and

PhilCORA Project and Positive Outcomes

The Filipinnovation Coral Rehabilitation Program, particularly the

Linking Coral Restoration to Livelihoods

Scuba diving instructor Salbe, with 12 years of experience, highlights

Challenges and Threats to Coral Reefs

However, the article also brings to light the challenges faced by

The Role of Coral Restoration in Economic and Environmental Well-being

Recommendations for Sustainable Practices

The article proposes recommendations such as limiting activities

In essence, our capstone project aligns with ongoing efforts in Mabini,

Comprehensive Examination Date: __ Rating: _

Capstone Project Presentation Date: __ Rating: _