Analysis of x 7→ x3 − x − 1

We consider the function defined by f (x) = x3 − x − 1 .

Its domain of definition is R.

It is derivable on R.

Its derivative is f 0 (x) = 3 x2 − 1 .

It admits the below limits:

lim f (x) = −∞
x→−∞

lim f (x) = +∞
x→+∞

A table of values is:

√ 3 1
3 1
23+3 2
x − √13 ≈ −0.577 √1
3
≈ 0.577 1 √ + √ √
23
3
1 ≈ 1.32
23 · 3 3· 23+3 2 3
2 2
f (x) 3 − 1 ≈ −0.615 − 3 − 1 ≈ −1.38 0
32 32

Its table of variations is:

x −∞ − √13 √1
3
+∞
f 0 (x) + 0 − 0 +
2
f (x) 3 − 1 +∞
32
−∞ % & − 23 − 1 %
32

Its table of signs is:

√ 3 1
3 1
23+3 2
23
x −∞ 1 √ + √ √ 3
1 +∞
23 · 3 3· 23+3 2 3

f (x) − 0 +

Its graph is:

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Note: these results have been obtained from an automated program and are not guaranteed to be
exact.

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