CHAPTER 7 – VISUAL ARTS ➢ ultra glossy appearance and finish

Painting 8. Latex
➢ Is the process of applying pigment ➢ Water based paint
into any surface by the use of brushes, ➢ preferred medium for painting building
and other implements like knife, sponge, interiors and exteriors
cloth, and airbrushes
➢ good for artistic application such as
➢ Can be representational or abstract in
murals
style
9. Encaustic
Mediums of Painting
➢ ancient practice of combining
1. Oil Paint
pigments with hot wax such as beeswax
➢ made from combining pigments with
➢ does not yellow over time and
oil
temperature changes
2. Acrylic Paint ➢ moisture do not affect it
➢ water soluble
Pioneers of Modern Art in the Philippines
➢ offer brilliant hues
➢ quick drying Philippine Art Painters
1. Jose T. Joya
3. Alkyds - National Artist for Visual Arts in 2003
➢ mixture of pigments and synthetic - Foremost Filipino Abstract Painter
resin
2. Vicente Manansala
4. Tempera - National artist for visual arts in 1981
➢ mixture of pigments and an - Cubist Painter and illustrator
albuminous
➢ colloidal vehicle such as egg 3. Carlos Botong Francisco
➢ Quite permanent once dry - National Artist for painting in 1973
- Muralist from Angono, Rizal
5. Watercolor
➢ oldest painting medium 4. Hernando R. Ocampo
- National Artist for Visual Arts in 1991
➢ Pigments are mixed with water and
- Abstractionist
applied to white paper
5. Ibarra Dela Rosa
6. Gouache - Known for stylized rendition of
➢ made from pigments bound in water- landscapes
soluble gum but with the addition of a
white pigment in order to make it 6. Roberto Rodriguez Chabet
opaque. - Father of Philippine Conceptual Art
- Multifaceted
7. Enamel - Ventured into
➢ Solvent based ➢ Architecture
➢ used for painting porcelains and cars ➢ Painting
➢ Printmaking ➢ Also called:
➢ Sculpture - Street painting
➢ stage designing - chalk paintings
- sidewalk paintings
➢ Teaching
➢ Painted in the pavement to have a three-
➢ Photography
dimensional illusion
➢ writing
➢ Practitioner: Kurt Wenner
7. Angelito Antonio
4. Culinary Painting
- One of the masters of modernism
➢ Painting is often times used to present
Trends in Contemporary Painting a very good product to the market
- Cakes are being decorated by means of
Contemporary Philippine Art airbrushing
- 21st-century art created by Filipino ➢ Culinary arts are arts of preparation,
artists cooking, and presentation of food, so
- reflecting technological progression and painting or art making is more utilized in the
cultural diversity presentation stage of the business

TRENDS IN CONTEMPORARY PAINTING Interactive Painting

1. Digital Painting ➢ The artist makes a painting which do
➢ Emerging art form in which traditional not only stimulates the sense of sight
painting techniques such as watercolor, but also the other senses
oils, impasto, etc are applied using ➢ Lets viewers hear and feel art
digital tools by means of a computer, ➢ Objective is to turn admiring fine art into
tablet, stylus, software an immersive experience
➢ Digital painting differs from computer
generated art Tattoo Art
➢ The artist uses painting techniques to ➢ A form of body modification
create the digital painting ➢ Design is made by inserting ink, dyes,
➢ All digital painting programs try to mimic pigments
the use of physical media through various ➢ Either indelible or temporary into the
brushes and paint effects dermis layer of the skin

2. Spray Painting
➢ Tattoos may be:
➢ Spray paint or aerosol paint is a type - decorative (with no specific meaning)
of paint that that comes in a sealed - symbolic (with a specific meaning to
pressurized container and is released in the wearer)
fine spray mist when depressing a valve - pictorial (a depiction of a specific
button person or item)
➢ Leaves a smooth evenly coated surface
➢ Aerosol paint is a common graffiti ➢ Part of Filipino life since pre-Hispanic
medium ➢ Form of rank and accomplishments,
others believed it had magical qualities
3. Pavement Art or Street Art
➢ Conversion to Christianity diminished the
➢ 3d art
practice as heathen or low class mold and then hardened

Contemporary Tattooing Carving

➢ Youth-driven ➢ involves chipping or cutting away a
➢ Brought two significant changes in the shape where material is systematically
world of tattooing removed from outside in
1. General tattoo designs change radically ➢ substractive process
2. Contemporary tattooist started to give
preference to customize tattoo designs Assembling
which were created by them and strongly ➢ sculptors gather and join different
encourage their clients to design their own materials to create an assembled sculpture.
tattoos with their guidance and approval ➢ It is an additive process

Sculpture Functions of Sculpture

➢ type of art that operates in three ➢ Provides an important visual way of
dimensions understanding form and space
➢ from the word sculpere meaning to ➢ It functions to make us aware of our
carve environment, our space within it, and our
special connection and relationship within
➢ various media may be used including this shared space
clay, wax, stone, metal, fabric, glass, wood, ➢ It also remind us about history, political
plaster, rubber, and random found objects figures, and cultural events
➢ materials may be carved, cast, ➢ Reminders of the images of religious
assembled, shaped icons
➢ Some sculptures called kinetic
sculptures have moving parts Modern Sculptures in the Philippines
➢ Napoleon Abueva is the National Artist
Two Types of Sculpture
for Sculpture and Father of Modern
1. Free Standing (In the round)
Philippine Sculpture
➢ not attached to any other surface
➢ Famous Sculptures of Napoleon Abueva:

2. Relief
- Sandugo or Blood Compact
➢ attached to a background surface - Nine muses at the UP Faculty Center
- Sunburst at the Peninsula Manila Hotel
Four Sculpture Categories - Bronze figure of Teodor M. Kalaw at the
Modelling national library
➢ artist use soft or malleable material up - Murals in marble at the National Heroes
to create form Shrine Mt Samat Bataan
➢ it is an additive process. - 14 stations of the cross at the EDSA
➢ The various media an artist use include Shrine
clay, wax, papier-mache, plaster
Other notable sculptors:
Cast Sculptures - Eduardo Castrillo
➢ Sculpture that are cast are made from - Abdulmari Imao
melted material that is poured into a - Arturo Luz
- David Medalla - Climate
- Guillermo Tolentino
STRUCTURE
Current Trends in Sculpture TYPES OF STRUCTURE
Digital Sculpting
- the use of software that offers tools to Post-and-lintel
push, pull, smooth, grab, pinch or otherwise ➢ Structures consist of horizontal beam
manipulate a digital object as if it were (lintel) laid across the open spaces
made of a real-life substance such as clay. between two vertical support (post)
traditionally of stone
3D PRINTING ➢ Similar to Post-and-beam structures
- Additive Manufacturing (traditionally of wood)
- Has the capacity to produce objects of
different shapes and forms with less
- STONEHENGE
material than the traditional manufacturing
- PARTHENON
methods
Arch
Architecture
➢ Curved symmetrical structure
➢ In approaching architecture as an art, we
spanning an opening supporting the
really cannot separate aesthetic properties
weight of a roof or wall above it
from practical or functional ones
➢ can define large spaces because it
➢ Architects have a particular function to
stresses transfer outward from the center to
achieve in their building
the legs (piers, columns, doors, window
➢ That function is the principal concern of jambs)
the architects
Cantilever
Architecture
➢ Overhanging beam or floor supported
➢ The art of sheltering people at only one end
➢ Design of three-dimensional space to
create enclosure - Frank Lloyd Wright Falling Water
➢ E.g. Residences, place of worship,
commercial buildings Skeleton frame
➢ Supports the building
➢ To examine the technical qualities of ➢ the wall attach to the frames is called
architecture, we need basic knowledge of steel-cage construction
the fundamental elements ➢ when skeleton framing utilizes wood, the
➢ Fundamental elements: technique is called balloon construction
- Structure
- Building materials Building materials
- Line 1. Stone
- Repetition ➢ Material turns us back to post and lintel
- Balance systems
- Scale
➢ The simplest use of stones in the form
- Proportion
of load-bearing or bearing wall, occurs
- Context
when stone are piled one atop another
- Space
without mortar
➢ e.g. The Great Enclosure of Zimbabwe

2. Concrete
➢ Practice since Ancient Rome
➢ E.g. Pantheon of Rome
➢ In contemporary architecture:
Precast concrete
Ferroconcrete
Pre-stressed and post-tensioned
concrete

Wood - Lesser negative impact on the

environment than do many other building
materials.
Steel – gives almost limitless possibilities
for construction.

SCALE AND PROPORTION

➢ Scale in architecture refers to the
relationship of the building size and its
decorative elements in the human form

➢ Proportion is the relationship of one

part to another

CONTEXT
➢ An architectural design should take into
account its context or environment

SPACE
➢ should take into account various
needs peripheral to the primary
functions of the buildings such as rest
room and concession stands

CLIMATE
➢ Has always been a factor in architectural
design in zones of severe temperature:
either hot or cold