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SI. Authors Title of the Observation

NO Journal,
Year
1 Gengren Hao et Recycling of  . Recycling plastic waste in asphalt pavement has
al. plastic waste in emerged as an alternative solution to traditional
porous asphalt mechanical and chemical recycling methods.
pavement:  This study aims to assess whether recycling
Engineering, plastic in porous asphalt pavement through wet
environmental, process is a sustainable strategy by analyzing its
and economic engineering, environmental, and economic
implications implications.
 This study proves that recycling plastic waste in
porous asphalt pavement is a sustainable
engineering solution to address the plastic waste
crisis and create a circular economy for plastics.
2 Janitha Waste Clay  Geopolymer concrete (GPC) was developed using
Migunthanna Brick as a Part one-part binders made from a mixture of waste
et al. Binder for clay brick (WCB) powder, fy ash, and slag in the
Pavement precursor. Its suitability for use in rigid pavement
Grade construction was evaluated based on fresh
Geopolymer properties, hardened properties, and durability
Concrete characteristics.
 The GPC created in this study met the basic
strength requirements for use in rigid pavement
applications, with 28-day compressive strengths
above 40 MPa and fexural strengths above 4.5
MPa.
 All GPC samples had a water absorption of more
than 5%, with a maximum of 7.4%. The apparent
volume of permeable voids was less than 14%,
which is the maximum allowable value for a 40
MPa pavement-grade concrete.

3 Payam Full range of  Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a recycled

Bazoobandi et mode I and II material that can decrease the consumption of
al. cracking virgin materials; however, it increases stiffness
performance of and brittleness, resulting in cracking
asphalt  . In this study, base binder (PG 64–22) with
mixtures recycling agent and softer binder (PG 58–22) are
containing low used to enhance the fracture behavior of asphalt
to high mixtures containing low to high RAP contents
reclaimed (20%, 40%, and 60%).
asphalt  The fracture test was performed using a semi-
pavement circular bending (SCB) specimen under pure
(RAP) contents; mode I, two mixed mode I and II, and pure mode
 modified by II loading. Also, the effect of air voids content is
recycling agent reviewed. Results show that the addition of RAP
and in mixtures prepared with PG 64–22 binder and
substituting of recycling agent increases the fracture toughness
a softer binder from 1.22 to 1.25, 1.27, and 130 MPa√m, and
reduces the fracture energy from 3.46 to 3.44,
3.36, and 3.24 KJ/m2
4 Martins Asphalt  While recycling of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
Zaumanis et al. recycling in (RAP) is accelerating, road owners still often
polymer restrict the use of RAP in polymer-modified
modified pavement
pavement: A  Here we used a balanced mixture design for
test section and preparing polymer-modified asphalt mixtures for
recommendatio wearing and binder courses having 30 % to 60 %
ns RAP content
 Findings from the paved test section show that it
is possible to design polymer-modified mixtures
with 30 % to 50 % RAP that have a good crack
propagation resistance, high fatigue resistance,
acceptable stiffness, and sufficient rutting
resistance.
5 L. Hoyos et Al. Mechanistic  Mechanistic and microstructural characteristics of
and roller-compacted concrete (RCC) produced from
Microstructural recycle asphalt pavement (RAP) and geopolymer
Characteristics cement binder (GPC) were evaluated and
of Roller compared with similar mixtures produced from
Compacted ordinary Portland cement (OPC).
Geopolymer  It was found that roller-compacted concrete
Concrete Using using geopolymer cement binder exhibited higher
Reclaimed unconfined compressive strength, modulus of
Asphalt elasticity, and flexural strength as compared to
Pavement the similar mixture containing ordinary Portland
cement
 Based on the mechanistic characteristics, the
developed roller-compacted RAPGeopolymer
concrete could be used as a strong pavement
base in composite pavement system or wearing
course of low volume roads.
6 Sireesh Saride Effect of Fly Ash  The utilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement
et al. Geopolymer on (RAP) material in road construction has gained
Layer prominence with the backdrop of sustainability.
Coefficients of  The present study evaluates the usage of a
Reclaimed significant amount of RAP material with virgin
Asphalt aggregates (VA) stabilized with low and high
Pavement calcium, alkali-activated fly ashes as pavement
Bases base materials. The role of a liquid alkaline
activator (LAA) on the reactivity of various fly
 ashes are highlighted.
 Three distinct fly ashes sourced from different
locations were adopted to stabilize the RAP:VA
bases. To establish an optimum LAA ratio for
these fly ashes, alkaline solutions with varied
proportions of Na2SiO3∶NaOH (0∶100, 30∶70,
50∶50, 70∶30, and 90∶10) with a constant NaOH
molarity were considered.

7 Kun Zhang et A review of  The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in

al. thermal asphalt mixtures is considered as one of the best
processes in sustainable practices in the construction of
the production transportation infrastructures.
and their  Extensive efforts have been made to design,
influences on produce, and evaluate RAP mixtures produced by
performance of the hot recycling technology in asphalt plants.
asphalt  The review findings from this study can be used
mixtures with to guide the best practice of the production of
reclaimed RAP mixtures and further contribute to the
asphalt energy saving and sustainable construction of
pavement using RAP in asphalt mixtures
(RAP)
8 Greg White et Quantifying the  Airports desire sustainable infrastructure
al. impact of solutions and airport pavements provide an
reclaimed opportunity for increased reuse and recycling of
asphalt materials.
pavement on  The recycling of reclaimed asphalt pavement
airport asphalt (RAP) in airport pavement surfaces is attractive
surfaces and viable, but has been resisted by many
airports. Two asphalt mixtures, both produced
with and without RAP, were compared based on
Marshall mixture design properties, laboratory
performance-indicative test results and full-scale
asphalt production properties
 It is recommended that further research consider
the cause of the reduced surface friction
associated with low-risk RAP inclusion, as well as
the influence of other RAP sources on airport
asphalt surface performance
9 Menglim Hoy Strength and  The integrated transdisciplinary concepts and
et al. Microstructural technologies for greener and more sustainable
Study of innovations for recycling waste materials through
Recycled geopolymer technique into construction
Asphalt materials were developed in this research.
Pavement: Slag  An attempt was made to study the influence of a
Geopolymer as liquid alkaline activator (L ¼ NaOH=Na2SiO3
a Pavement ratio) on the strength development of RAP-S
 Base Material geopolymers, which was evaluated by an
unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and
examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses.
 The outcomes of this research were found to be
useful for making progress in innovative
technologies and applications of geopolymers,
which strongly reflected the improvements made
in the practical applications of the S-geopolymer
as a cleaner production by using the recycled
waste material in road work.
10 Menglim Hoy Strength  This paper investigates the strength development
et al. development of of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP)-Fly Ash (FA)
Recycled geopolymer as a road construction material.
Asphalt  A mixture of sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH)
Pavement – Fly and sodium silicate solution (Na2SiO3) is used as
ash geopolymer a liquid alkaline activator (L).
as a road  This research study confirms the potential of
construction RAP-FA blends and RAP-FA geopolymers as an
material alternative stabilized pavement material.
11 Hassan Fazaeli Laboratory and  Using modified asphalt mixture is inevitable to
et al. field evaluation improve technical performance of asphalt
of the warm pavement and it will be achieved via asphalt
fiber reinforced mixture or bitumen improvement.
high  The modified and unmodified asphalt
performance performance at high, intermediate, and low
asphalt temperatures were evaluated on two stages of
mixtures (case laboratory and field sampling using dynamic
study Karaj – creep, rutting, resilient modulus indirect tensile
Chaloos Road) fatigue, moisture sensitivity, resistance for
compaction, and fracture tests.
 This will result in environmental pollutions and
implementation cost reduction as well as asphalt
life extension
12 Adam Liphardt Binder blending  Current road construction technologies includes
et al. estimation the use of recycled materials increasingly. High
method in hot quality of hot mix asphalt with high content of
mix asphalt reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) requires the
with reclaimed use of virgin binder or rejuvenator agent additive.
asphalt  The phenomenon of blending of binder from RAP
with virgin binder has not been fully investigated.
This paper discuses procedure which allow asses
blending level between virgin binder and binder
film in RAP.
 In this paper there is presented the preliminary
tests results of the research concerning binder
blending estimation. Degree of partial blending
 was estimated based on the rheological tests
such as complex modulus and phase angle
conducted in Dynamic Shear Rheometer
13 Ram Swarth Geocell-  Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is a removed
Thakur et al. Reinforced and reprocessed pavement material from
Unpaved and deteriorated asphalt pavements containing
Paved Roads asphalt binder and aggregates.
with Recycled  The use of RAP can reduce the cost of
Asphalt construction materials, reduce the amount of
Pavement waste to be land-filled, and conserve natural
(RAP) Bases: resources by requiring less virgin aggregate and
Experimental asphalt in road construction projects.
Study and  The objective of this study is to understand the
Damage Model behavior of unpaved and paved roads with
Development unreinforced and geocell-reinforced RAP bases.
Fifteen large-scale laboratory cyclic plate loading
tests were conducted on unpaved and paved
road sections with unreinforced or geocell-
reinforced RAP bases.
14 et al. Characterizatio  Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a valuable
n of reclaimed resource that can be recycled into new asphalt
asphalt and mixtures. In recent years, the continued rise of
performance raw material costs has generated considerable
based interest in increasing RAP usage.
evaluation of its  The purpose of this dissertation is to: 1) develop
use in r aluation a method to characterize the absorbed, inert and
of its use in effective bituminous components in RAP; and 2)
recycled mixtur evaluate performance of high RAP-WMA
cled mixtures mixtures for various pavement applications
including airfield surfaces, highway surfaces and
highway bases.
15 et al.