Let’s talk about

world changing innovation

Electricity

Created by :-Rometh Sansuka

According to assingment 8.1
 Lighting up Fun fact
bulbs The light bulb was
really invented by
Humphrey Davy.but his
light was too bright it
only used on light
houses. Later Thomas
Alva Edison stole his
invention and create
less bright light

An electric light, lamp, or light bulb is an electrical

component that produces light. It is the most common form of
artificial lighting. Lamps usually have a base made of ceramic,
metal, glass, or plastic, which secures the lamp in the socket of a
light fixture, which is often called a "lamp" as well.

The three main categories of electric lights are incandescent

lamps, which produce light by a filament heated white-hot by
electric current, gas-discharge lamps, which produce light by means
of an electric arc through a gas, such as fluorescent lamps, and LED
lamps, which produce light by a flow of electrons across a band gap
in a semiconductor.

The energy efficiency of electric lighting has increased

radically since the first demonstration of arc lamps and the
incandescent light bulb of the 19th century. Modern electric light
sources come in a profusion of types and sizes adapted to many
applications.
 Heating Fun fact
In 1840, James Prescott
Joule submitted to the Royal
Society a paper describing
experimental research on the
heat produced by electric
currents in metallic
conductors, and inferring that
the effect was proportional to
the resistance of the
conductors and to the square
of the intensity of the current

Electric heating is a process in which electrical energy is converted

directly to heat energy. Common applications include space
heating, cooking, water heating and industrial processes. An
electric heater is an electrical device that converts an electric
current into heat. The heating element inside every electric heater
is an electrical resistor, and works on the principle of Joule heating:
an electric current passing through a resistor will convert that
electrical energy into heat energy. Most modern electric heating
devices use nichrome wire as the active element; the heating
element, depicted on the right, uses nichrome wire supported by
ceramic insulators.

Alternatively, a heat pump can achieve around 150% - 600%

efficiency for heating, or COP 1.5 - 6.0 Coefficient of performance,
because it uses electric power only for transferring existing thermal
energy. The heat pump uses an electric motor to drive a reversed
refrigeration cycle, that draws heat energy from an external source
such as the ground or outside air (or the interior of a refrigerator)
 Thermoelectric
Fun fact
cooling
The reverse phenomenon,
where heating or cooling can
be produced by running an
electric current through a
material, was discovered in
1851 by William Thomson,
also known as Lord Kelvin (for
whom the absolute Kelvin
temperature scale is named),
and is called the Thomson
effect.

Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux

at the junction of two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler,
heater, or thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat
pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the
other, with consumption of electrical energy, depending on the
direction of the current. Such an instrument is also called a Peltier
device, Peltier heat pump, solid state refrigerator, or
thermoelectric cooler and occasionally a thermoelectric battery. It
can be used either for heating or for cooling, although in practice
the main application is cooling. It can also be used as a temperature
controller that either heats or cools.

This technology is far less commonly applied to refrigeration than

vapor-compression refrigeration is. The primary advantages of a
Peltier cooler compared to a vapor-compression refrigerator are its
lack of moving parts or circulating liquid, very long life,
invulnerability to leaks, small size, and flexible shape.
 To rotate things
Fun fact

There is no information
about who found
kinetic energy but with
founding this there will
be very hot boring
world

Rotational energy occurs due to the object’s rotation and is a part of its
total kinetic energy. If the rotational energy is considered separately
across an object’s axis of rotation, the moment of inertia is observed.
Rotational energy also known as angular kinetic energy is defined as:

The kinetic energy due to the rotation of an object and is part of its total
kinetic energy.

Rotational kinetic energy is directly proportional to the rotational inertia

and the square of the magnitude of the angular velocity. A rolling object
has both transnational and rotational kinetic energy.The expression can
be designed for linear and rotational kinetic energy parallel from the
principle of work and energy. Consider the particular parallel between a
fixed exerted torque on a wheel with a moment of inertia and force on a
mass m and both beginning from the rest.

According to Newton’s second law, the acceleration is equivalent to the

resultant velocity divided by the time and average velocity is half of the
final velocity. In rotational case, the angular acceleration given to the
wheel is fetched from Newton’s second law of rotation.
 For transport
Fun fact
Around 1832, Robert
Anderson develops the
first crude electric
vehicle, but it isn't until
the 1870s or later that
electric cars become
practical

An electric car or electric vehicle is a passenger automobile that is

propelled by an electric traction motor, using only energy stored in on-
board batteries. Compared to conventional internal combustion engine
vehicles, electric cars are quieter, more responsive, have superior energy
conversion efficiency and no exhaust emissions and lower overall vehicle
emissions. The term "electric car" normally refers to battery electric
vehicle , but broadly may also include plug-in hybrid electric vehicle ,
range-extended electric vehicle and fuel cell electric vehicle .

The electric vehicle battery typically needs to be plugged into a mains

electricity power supply for recharging in order to maximize the cruising
range. Recharging an electric car can be done at a variety of charging
stations; these charging stations can be installed in private homes,
parking garages and public areas. There are also research and
development in other technologies such as battery swapping and
inductive charging. As the recharging infrastructure are still in its relative
infancy, range anxiety and time cost are frequent psychological obstacles
against electric cars during consumer purchasing decisions.