UNIT I: UNDERSTANDING THE BASIC

CONCEPTS OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT

DEVELOPMENT
Intended Learning Outcomes

2020

Let’s see how familiar you are with the periods of development by
matching the the beginnings of the sentences below with their
endings and Jaden’s life

Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are two concepts that you need to understand in this unit. How
are you going to define and characterize them are very important for you to easily go
through the succeeding units of this module. This unit will also give you an overview on
why having a critical understanding of the different developmental theories are very
relevant for future teachers like you in understanding your students behaviors.

Study subjects
30 Australian students

A similar scaffolding psychology study by Engin, 2014 found that the use of scaffolding
significantly helps students. This is as a result to their research about the 30 Australian
students who were provided with tutors in their language classes as compared with
those who were not tutored. What does Socio-cultural Theory tell about the Teaching and
Learning Process?

Scholarcy Highlights
 Let’s see how familiar you are with the periods of development by matching the the
beginnings of the sentences below with their endings and Jaden’s life
 According to United Nation’s Children’s Fund (UNICEF), same with childhood there is a
complexity in defining adolescence because each individual experiences this period
differently depending on her or his physical, emotional and cognitive maturation as well
as other contingencies
 As define by Brown (2006) define discovery learning “an active, hands-on style of
learning where the student participates actively in the learning process rather than
passively receiving knowledge as if he were an empty vessel to be filled by the
instructor.”
 People manifesting this kind of intelligence are “street smarts”. They can adapt to the
new environment and have the ability to find ways on how to get out of trouble.
Learners with this kind of intelligence can answer questions such as “ what is the
relevance of American occupation to our present economic and poilitical situation in the
country?” or “How this theory be applied to the teaching and learning process?” This is
related to contextual subtheory
 As enumerated by Sternberg (1985), they are as follows: 1. The Analyzer is good
academically, but has difficulty contributing to the field

Scholarcy Summary

UNIT I: UNDERSTANDING THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT

DEVELOPMENT
Childhood and adolescence are two concepts that you need to understand in this unit.

How are you going to define and characterize them are very important for you to go
through the succeeding units of this module.

This unit will give you an overview on why having a critical understanding of the different
developmental theories are very relevant for future teachers like you in understanding your
students behaviors

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, I am able to: 1. define child and adolescent; 2. describe each stage of
human development; 3. discuss the interplay of nature and nurture in the human
development; 4. discuss the different domains of development; and 5. analyze the relevance
of studying developmental theories in creating effective pedagogical practices.

At the end of the lesson, I am able to: 1.

Describe each stage of human development; 3.

Discuss the interplay of nature and nurture in the human development; 4.

Discuss the different domains of development; and 5.

Analyze the relevance of studying developmental theories in creating effective pedagogical

practices.

Let’s see how familiar you are with the periods of development by matching the the
beginnings of the sentences below with their endings and Jaden’s life
Defining Child
As defined by UNICEF, the term “child” comes from the Latin infans which means ” the one
who does not speak “.

For the Roman, this term designates the child from its birth, up to the age of 7 years.

In the Philippines, according to Departmemt of Health (DOH), child “refers to a person

below eighteen (18) years old or those over but are unable to fully take care of themselves.”.

Childhood is divided into five (5) stages namely though definitions may vary: 1.

Preschool age (3 -5 years old) 5.

Many developmental theories have varied approaches in discussing it.

Aside from considering this as a stage in life that is physical and psychological in nature,
how it has been defined is socially and culturally influenced

Defining Adolescence
According to United Nation’s Children’s Fund (UNICEF), same with childhood there is a
complexity in defining adolescence because each individual experiences this period
differently depending on her or his physical, emotional and cognitive maturation as well as
other contingencies

Puberty for both boys and girls may occur at significantly different period.

It may be true that in the recent times, debates about this took a one-sided approach but as
advancement in our society arises, experts tend to recognize the relevance of both factors to
the person

That these two factors interact throughout one’s life leading to who that person is .

Considered as one of the core pillars of developmental theories, this theory suggests that
child’s growth and development is a product of the interaction between internal and
external factors: environment and the action of the genes

Cognitive Psychology
Innate mental structures such as schemas, perception and memory and constantky changed
by the environment.

All behavior is learned from the environemtn through conditioning

Infancy and Toddlerhood Early Childhood Middle and Late Childhood

Continues through implantation in the uterine wall by the embryo, and ends at birth Starts
at birth and continues to two years of age Starts at two years of age and continues until six
years of age Starts at six years of age and continues until the onset of puberty.
Robert Haavighrust (1972) believed that people continue to develop throughout their
lifetime and that each period is associated with tasks that a person naturally performs

Such as a one-year old child who learns how to walk or an adolescent who become
emotionally independent from his/her parents.

Unsuccessful achievement of these tasks associated with certain period may contribute to
inability to properly perform the succeeding developmental tasks.

As defined by Havighurts, developmental tasks is “a task which arises at or about a certain

period in the life of the individual, successful achievement of which leads to his happiness
and to success with later tasks, while failure leads to unhappiness in the individual,
disapproval by society, and difficulty with later tasks”

Approaches in Understanding in Human Development

According to Berger (2000), in studying human development, there are three approaches
that are being used in order to better understand the changes that happen in an individual’s
life

These are the following: Biological Approach involves the study of the growth and changes
in the physiogical aspect of a person, basically this includes body and brain, the senses,
motor skills, and health and wellness.

Genetics, puberty, sexual health, fertility, menopause, changes in our senses, and primary
versus secondary aging, and the like

Developmental theories under this approach concentrates on the physical aspects of the
children ‘s growth and how these aspects interact with psychological development.

Retrieved from
Foundations of child and adolescent development (n.d.) Retrieved
https://www.unhcr.org/3bb81bad4.pdf.

DIRECTION : Using the graphic organizer below, discuss your view point as regard to how
nature and nurture influence one’s behavior.

Use extra sheet for your conclusion and recommendation.

Your output will be graded according to content knowledge or knowledge of differentiation,

completion, and depth.

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, and if it is incorrect write FALSE change
the statement to make them correct.

Direction: Create a poster that illustrates Havighurst’s developmental tasks for adolescents
like you.
Crayons and other drawing materials for this activity.

You will be graded according to these criteria: (1) relatedness to the topic, (2) organization,
and (3) neatness ( 5 being the highest point for each criterion)

UNIT II: COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Overview Learners have varied ways on how to understand lessons and concepts.

Some learns best when they are guided by their teachers while others prefer to study alone.

All of these can be attributed from the learner’s cognitive ability.

This unit will help you to understand more about this concept, that is how a person acquires
knowledge and other cognitive developmental skills.

Direction: Conduct an interview with the following : 1 preschool student, 1 elementary

student, a 1 highschool student, and 1 adult.

Your Question: Their Answers: Preschool: Elementary : Highschool: Adult: you answer this:
1.

Your Question: Their Answers: Preschool: Elementary : Highschool: Adult: you answer this:
1. Do they differ in their answers? Yes or No? If yes, in what way?

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY BY PIAGET

Cognition refers to the “ collection of mental processes and activities used in perceiving,
learning, remembering, thinking, understanding, and the act of using those
processes”(Kellog, 2007).

As you go along with this book, you will know how these two concepts are described and
defined differently by other theories, through these you change your ideas of what child and
adolescents are

This is referred to by Piaget as accommodation or the restructuring or modifying of ideas

that we already know into a new and better one.

These two processes continuously occur every time we encounter new or novel things
which lead to the development or creation of new schema.

Schema are the mental and cognitive structures which enables a person to adapt and
organize their environment

Stages of Cognitive Development

According to Piaget, infants may lack words , concepts, and ideas, but they are intelligent;
and that intelligence functions exclusively through their senses and motor skills, the name
sensorimotor stage was developed.
In Piaget’s view, the most important cognitive achievement if middle childhood is the
attainment of concrete operational thought, whereby children can reason logically about
concrete events and problems but cannot reason about abstract ideas

Concrete here means, those that can be touched, seen or smelled by the child.

Remember that at the beginning of the concrete operational though, children have to use
manipulative instructional materials like sticks for counting, fruits to recognize shapes,
coins to understand the concept of money but by later adolescence, the last stage of
cognitive development, such concrete materials and illustrations are already inappropriate
and irrelevant.

Moreso, computers, internet, books and other materials can be your MKO

Where I need my MKO

2. A study published in 2000 as cited by Gordon (2007) revealed that teachers who
introduced their lessons gradually according to their can help students avoid or reduce
their frustrations.

A study published in 2000 as cited by Gordon (2007) revealed that teachers who introduced
their lessons gradually according to their can help students avoid or reduce their
frustrations

This only proves that scaffolding is effective as well as acknowledgiung learners’ ZPD.

A similar scaffolding psychology study by Engin, 2014 found that the use of scaffolding
significantly helps students

This is as a result to their research about the 30 Australian students who were provided
with tutors in their language classes as compared with those who were not tutored.

We can conclude that the application of the different aspects of Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural
Theory is an effective tool, but only if the teachers know how to apply utilize it.

DISCOVERY LEARNING BY JEROME BRUNER

Jerome Bruner believes that learners construct their own knowledge for themselves

He suggests that with their current knowledge, learners through discovery learning can
learn from themselves even without help from the teacher.

As define by Brown (2006) define discovery learning “an active, hands-on style of learning
where the student participates actively in the learning process rather than passively
receiving knowledge as if he were an empty vessel to be filled by the instructor.”.

Using this approach students are encouraged to explore their environment and personally
manipulate objects or material.
It helps students to develop their problem solving skills

How does Discovery Learning Differ from the Traditional Learning?

In contrast with Piaget whose theory is age-based, Bruner suggests that though age matters,
what is more important in learning is how a teacher organizes his/her lesson depending on
learners; mode of thinking

He believes that new materials must be taught and introduced to students progressively.

There is a similarity between Piaget’s cognitive development theory and this stage, enactive
more is referred to as concrete

This first stage believes that a student at this point learn best when he/she is able to
manipulate objects, touch it, and feel it.

Moreso, adolescent learners can benefit from this, applying learner centered activities in
wherein students can able to experience the learning themselves such as simulation,
experimentation, and role playing as teaching processes will definitely be more relevant
and effective

Learning in this mode of representation takes place when lessons are introduced with
visuals.

This shows how adolescence store information, more abstract and more complex than
enactive and iconic

Spiral Curriculum
As the modes of representation imply, teacher needs to consider the learners thinking and
capacity.

This tells us that lesson must be introduced in a way that is neither too easy for learners to
understand nor too hard for them t solve.

Bruner (1977) suggests to apply spiral curriculum – a process wherein concepts and skills
are revisited and learned at successively higher levels with more depth and breadth as
students move through the grade levels.

Through this approach, there is a bigger chance for students to acquire full understanding
of concepts and skills as these are being reemphasized many times as they progress to
higher levels

New Content
Before when people talk about intelligence, basically they only referred to the linguistic and
logical-mathematical ability of the person.

A person may be a good writer because of high linguistic intelligence but may get lost when
driving a car because his spatial intelligence is fairly weak.
This is why Howard Gardner believes that intelligence should be multifaceted.

He describes nine intelligences which he referred to as Multiple Intelligences.

“The potential for finding or creating solutions for problems, which involves gathering new
knowledge”

Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom

According to MI Theory, identifying each student’s intelligences has strong ramifications in
the classroom.

Teachers in traditional classrooms primarily teach to the verbal/linguistic and

mathematical/logical intelligences.

Visual/Spatial - children who learn best visually and organizing things spatially

They like to see what you are talking about in order to understand.

Verbal/Linguistic - children who demonstrate strength in the language arts: speaking,

writing, reading, listening

These students have always been successful in traditional classrooms because their
intelligence lends itself to traditional teaching.

4. Bodily/Kinethetic - children who experience learning best through activity: games,

movement, hands-on tasks, building.

Bodily/Kinethetic - children who experience learning best through activity: games,

movement, hands-on tasks, building

These children were often labeled "overly active" in traditional classrooms where they were
told to sit and be still.

TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE

Sternberg, a well-known psychologist developed a theory which claims that intelligence
comes in three forms and these are: analytical, creative, and practical.

This theory is based on a wider concept of intelligence that what is commonly known and
applied.

SAccordinhg to this theory, intelligence as characterized is the person’s ability to achive

success in life based one one’s personal standards and within the context of one’s
socioculture.

The ability to succeed depends on the abilty of capitalizing on one’stremgth and

compensating for one’s weaknees.

Success in achieved by intergrating the three intelligences in a balance.

Prior Knowledge For solving problems, learn new information, making judgments,
evaluating, problem solving

Kinds of Intelligence
They are: 1. Analytical Intelligence – related to componential intelligence, people with this
intelligence are named as “book smarts”.

Practical Intelligence – As the word implies, this intelligence talks about how one response
with daily tasks

People manifesting this kind of intelligence are “street smarts”.

They can adapt to the new environment and have the ability to find ways on how to get out
of trouble.

Learners with this kind of intelligence can answer questions such as “ what is the relevance
of American occupation to our present economic and poilitical situation in the country?” or
“How this theory be applied to the teaching and learning process?” This is related to
contextual subtheory.

To better understand subtheories of these intelligences namely componential, experiential;,

and contextual, please go to the site below: https://www.thoughtco.com/triarchic-theory-
of-intelligence-4172497

Typology of People Based on Triarchic Intelligence

As enumerated by Sternberg (1985), they are as follows: 1. The Analyzer is good
academically, but has difficulty contributing to the field.

As enumerated by Sternberg (1985), they are as follows: 1.

Please refer to the following website:

https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2104/Intelligence-TRIARCHIC-
THEORYINTELLIGENCE.html https://intascprinciple2.weebly.com/sternbergrsquos-
triarchic-theory-applied-in-theclassroom.html
http://arowe.pbworks.com/f/Sternberg_on_intelligences.pdf.

The educational theory of Jerome Bruner : a multi-dimensional analysis Jerome Bruner ’ s

educational theory.

Toward a theory of instruction, Cambridge, Mass.: Belkapp Press.

Bruner ‟ s Discovery learning model as the theoretical basis of light bounces Lesson.

In essential learning theories and their applications.

What are the elements of triarchic theory of intelligence Retrieved from

https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-elements-of-triarchic-theory-of-intelligence.
Text taken from: UNESCO
10 Activities such as storytelling and singing nursery rhymes are very useful during what
stage of cognitive development?.

Direction: Create another story about the pictures below.

The concepts (MKO, ZPD, scaffolding, language, etc) in the present lesson in writing your
story.

Your story will be graded according to these criteria: relatedness to the lesson, coherency,
and depth.

Direction: Use venn diagram to compare and contrast Piaget’s Cognitive Development
Theory from Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory.

Direction: Because of the current pandemic , schools these days are forced to adapt online
learning.

Your task is to enumerate and discuss several teaching strategies that can be used in online
classes as you follow and apply Bruner’s three learning modes

Benefits to Teachers
Direction: Create a graphic organizer that classifies, defines the triarchic theory of
intelligence, the three main types of intelligence and its subtheories.

Is the site where you can find examples of what kind of graphic organizer that you should
use.

Direction: This is called PPG or the Prior Knowledge, Present Knowledge and Gained
Knowledge in which you are to cite all concepts that you know about triarchic theory of
intelligence , write all concepts discussed and enumerate the insights gained

Roles of Teachers in the Learning Process

Overview ‘It is vital that when educating our children’s brains, we do not neglect to educate
their hearts.’ - Dalai Lama One’s own personal experiences make an individual grow and
develop in a broader perspective.

This unit will explain how the quality of social interaction influences one’s emotional
management.

Several social and emotional development theories will try to answer why and how a child
or adolescent’s behavior varies from others in terms of their ability to effectively establish
and manage positive and rewarding relationships with others.

Relate the socio-emotional theories to one’s personal experiences as an individual and as a

future teacher ,and 5.
Before the pandemic: : What have you felt while you were analyzing the picture?

Definition and Example

This comprises the family, school, peers, and all those that are within the community
environment of the children

As you notice, this level comprises those that belongs from the direct environment and with
direct contact with the person.

Children who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic, having witnessed how their society
struggled to cope with the medical, economic, and psycholsocial challenges, may eventually
be strongly influence by it.

Witnessing this kind of situation may post a problem emotionally, mentally, and socially to
these children

Relevant Researches
The following are research findings which highly support Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological
Theory.

Systems Microsystem
Researches A significant correlation is found between parenting style and academic
performance.

Having supportive relationships with their teachers, learners gain higher level of
satisfaction with their schools Mothers who work before the child reaches 9th month haf
negative effect on one’s cognitive development at 36 months.

This was linked to poor cognitive and behavioral outcomes at first grade.

Bandura is a psycjologist who known for his Social Learning Theory

This is very different from other theorists who see learning as a true product conditioning,
reinforcement, and punishment Bandura believes that the bulk of human behavior is taught
through observation, imitation and modeling.

Bandura's theory of social learning stressed that learning can happen by watching other
people's behaviour

Environmental Factors
Live model- Requires an individual person demonstrating or performing a an action or
behavior.

A high degree of dedication is expected on the part of the learner

If he / she is distracted it may influence the amount of learning level that that is acquired.
The more noteworthy or special the situation is, the more it attracts the learner to attend to
the learning

When it comes to the teaching and learning process, this tells us that learners becomes
more attracted in class 42 when teacher uses strategies such as motivational activities that
are attentioncatcher.

In this case, learners will pay attention to him/her

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY BY SIGMUND FREUD

Freud is the founding father of psychoanalysis, his theory about development focuses on the
impact of childhood experiences to one’s personality.

He believes that your childhood events, mainly those that are negative and traumatic can
greatly influence your future adult self.

This contradicts other socio-emotional theories because Freud believes individual’s

personality is permanently fixed in early childhood.

Moreso, Freud focuses on the impact of biological impulses rather than giving emphasis to
social interaction

What happens during the development?

Accordinto to Freud, each stage of development is characterized by different sources of
gratification or the one that he referred to as erogenous zone.

The desire to satisfy the need will stay for a while in one’s unconsciousness when one
reaches adulhood, it will manifest unconsciosly a into negative behavior such as in the case
of ungratified oral stage, chain smoking.

According to Freud, this this is the period when the child develops attraction towar his/her
opposite sex parent

This is referred to by Piaget as Oedipal and Electra Complex.

This means that a “hild who had been fixated in this stage will develop a phallic character,
such as reckless, proud and vain.

This conflict can cause the child to be afraid of close relationship and weak sexual identity
(Sharman et al, n.d.).

In a given point, individuals may become trapped or "fixated," causing adult emotional and
behavioral issues (McLeod, 2018)

Implication to Education
Understanding of this theory will make them consider factors such as childhood events and
backgrounds that make a student behave the way that they do in school
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY BY ERIK ERIKSON
Similar with other developmental theorists, Erik Erikson believes that personality
development comes in stages and that it occurs from infancy to adulthood.

Unlike Freud whi gives focus childhood experiences, Erikson believes that acquisition of
behaviour does occur during the early years but continuously happens all throughout one’s
life, he came up with eight stages

This theory focuses on how one’s psyche or soul is influenced by the environment – the
people around the person especially those significant ones.

In each stage of development, Erikson theorizes that a person encounters “conflict”, that if
not resolved it will lead to the development of negative behaviour but if the important
events in each stage is handled well, it will help the child to develop into a healthy and well-
adjusted adult in the future.

Erikson theorizes that a person experiences "crises" at each stage of development, that if
not resolved, it will lead to the development of negative behaviour, but if the important
events in each stage are treated well, it will help the child grow into a stable and well-
adjusted adult in future

Events Persons
The people when the around me? “ parents/caregivers show care and affection to the child.

When an infant is hungry, he/she needs to be fed, when she cries for something, he/she
must be given attention.

Unable to show these responses will lead to the development of mistrust.

The child here tries to vs Shame - 3 training exercise independence and and Doubt explore
the world on his own.

The amount of freedom given to the child here matters for him/her to develop sense of
autonomy.

Too much restictions on the other hand will only lead to shame and doubt in the future.

Allowing the child to do things on their own such as dressing-up is encouraged during this
time to develop initiative.

Doing the opposite may only lead to guilt

Inferiority school bad?”

Teachers and the school itself should create and provide teaching strategies and programs
that will guide the adolescents on what career path to take.
65 and workmate contribute to progressing in relation to Stagnation parent- s the world?’
their career and family hood relationship is important.

Being comfortable with these two aspects leads to the development of generativity but
inability to experience may lead to the feeling of unproductivity and not being involved.

If a person who looks back to his life and feel accomplished proud of what he has achieved,
ego integrity may develop while those who experience difficulty in life especially during
middle adulthood may only feel sense of despair.

In teaching Presechool/Kindergarten
Learners’ imagination play a critical role in the development of sense of initiative.

Teachers should use teaching strategies that encourage students to express themselves
using it, this can be done through role-playing, use of materials which the learners can
manipulate and create their own make-believe situations or scenarios.

Real-life activities such as preparing their own food, tying their own shoes, fixing their
clothes will help them realize that they have important roles to play.

Teachers should know when to give reinforcement, and to be sensitive about the learners’
thoughts and feelings.

Avoid giving negative comments especially about the learners’ self-initiated actions

In teaching Grade School/ Elementary

This is the time when the children devote most of their time at school. they give so much
importance to their academic performance and skills.

Any amount effort made here by the learners should be properly noticed by the teacher for
them to develop competence and confidence

In this sense, teachers must prepare various teaching strategies that will not just highlight
only few students’ skills and capabilities.

Teachers must prepare various teaching strategies that will not just highlight only few
students’ skills and capabilities

In this sense, there is a big chance for struggling learners to excel in the areas where they
feel competent, C.

Teachers should take note that during this period, adolescents have this challenge of
reconciling things about themselves, as they strive to be unique, they are bounded and
influenced by their group’s ideals.

All they need is guidance and support from people such as their parents and teachers
CONNECTIONISM BY THORNDIKE
He believed that learning is about responding to stimuli.

His idea highlighted assessment and measurement in the scientific foundations of learning.

As cited by Calderon (1998), Thorndike’s Connectionism Theory is known as stimulus-

response theory that is based on association between stimuli and response, such
associations or “habits”.

Let's take a look at three laws of connectionism and how they may take place in a
classroom.

The first law is Law of Readiness which speaks about a learners’ enthusias and eagerness; it
is the learner’s preparation to a new situation.

The second law is Law of Exercise which is about repetition and practice.

Law of Effect which is about a learner’s encouragement or what pushes him/her to do

something.

For the learning to happen and to increase the likelihood of an action to be repeated,
immediate reward such as compliment, any positive reaction or commendation must be
given by the teacher

MORAL DEVELOPMENT
As children grow and develop so as their sense of morality.

A person’s moral development stresses on one’s ability to see the difference between right
and wrong in different situation with respect to one’s intents, judgments, and behavior.

Preconventional Moral Reasoning Focus her is placed on getting rewards and punishment
Stage One: Obedience-and-Punishment Orientation Infancy Stage One: The emphasis here of
the person is to avoid punishment and receive reward.

One does good to be rewarded and tries to avoid evil to avoid punishment.

The person only does good or tries to being nice to others if they will receive something
from it.

Conventional Moral Reasoning Focus here is on social rules.

Postconventional Moral Reasoning

Emphasis now is on moral principles: this level is centered on ideals. One obeys the rule of
the society because they exist for the benefit of all and are established by mutual agreement.

Some students may reach the higher stages of moral development faster than their peers,
this may have something to do with the classroom activities that the students will
experience as provided by their teachers.
Narvaez (Eds.), Handbook of moral and character education.

(2011) Educational psychology /New York : McGraw-Hill, Wentzel KR.

(n.d) Albert Bandura and Social Learning Theory Retrieved December 10, 2016 from
https://www.slideshare.net/Amaljithravi/albert-bandura-and-social-learning-theory.

Retrieved July 12, 2020, from

https://www.psychologydiscussion.net/learning/3important-theories- of-learning/1821.

The school board passes a new rule that limits the number of students allowed in each
classroom in order to enhance teacher-student relationships.

This is an example of which environmental system?

Motivation
Parents: Teachers: Direction: Analyze each situation as to what laws of learning each
applies and briefly answer in not more than 20 words the following questions.

Your score will be according to the following criteria: (1) focus (2) content/thought, and (3)
clarity and organization (5) being the highest point for each criterion).

Aine is becoming overwhelmed by loads demanding course requirements and college

applications.

She has been stressed and became sickly for the past month and has fallen behind in most of
her classes.

Aine submitted a reflection paper as part of your class requirement but you found out that a
large portion of her paper was plagiarized

What would you do?

You feel like you are doing fairly well on the test until you come to the last problem.

It is worth 30 points and you just can’t remember how to solve it.

The class “math genius” is sitting right in front of you and you can see he’s just finished
solving the last problem.

D. Have you ever seen someone cheat in class?

E. As a future teacher, what advise can you give your students for them to avoid cheating?

What strategies are you going to use to make sure that they will not cheat in your class?.

Direction: After reading Bandura’s Social Learning Theory , you are to do this activity called
3 H or the Head, Heart and the Hands in which you need to answer the question indicated in
each box