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    Hypocalcemia

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    Jay kumar
    This document summarizes calcium regulation in the body. Calcium levels in the blood are controlled by the parathyroid hormone and active vitamin D. Calcium can enter cells through ATP-dependent pumps, ligand-gated channels, or voltage-gated channels. Hypocalcemia, or low blood calcium, can result from problems with the parathyroid glands, kidney failure, or deficiencies in vitamin D or magnesium. Symptoms of hypocalcemia include tetany, muscle cramps, abnormal heart rhythms, and more. Treatment involves calcium and vitamin D supplementation to normalize calcium levels.

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    Hypocalcemia

    Uploaded by

    Jay kumar
    3 views8 pages
    This document summarizes calcium regulation in the body. Calcium levels in the blood are controlled by the parathyroid hormone and active vitamin D. Calcium can enter cells through ATP-dependent pumps, ligand-gated channels, or voltage-gated channels. Hypocalcemia, or low blood calcium, can result from problems with the parathyroid glands, kidney failure, or deficiencies in vitamin D or magnesium. Symptoms of hypocalcemia include tetany, muscle cramps, abnormal heart rhythms, and more. Treatment involves calcium and vitamin D supplementation to normalize calcium levels.

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    This document summarizes calcium regulation in the body. Calcium levels in the blood are controlled by the parathyroid hormone and active vitamin D. Calcium can enter cells through ATP-dependent pumps, ligand-gated channels, or voltage-gated channels. Hypocalcemia, or low blood calcium, can result from problems with the parathyroid glands, kidney failure, or deficiencies in vitamin D or magnesium. Symptoms of hypocalcemia include tetany, muscle cramps, abnormal heart rhythms, and more. Treatment involves calcium and vitamin D supplementation to normalize calcium levels.

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    3 views8 pages

    Hypocalcemia

    Uploaded by

    Jay kumar
    This document summarizes calcium regulation in the body. Calcium levels in the blood are controlled by the parathyroid hormone and active vitamin D. Calcium can enter cells through ATP-dependent pumps, ligand-gated channels, or voltage-gated channels. Hypocalcemia, or low blood calcium, can result from problems with the parathyroid glands, kidney failure, or deficiencies in vitamin D or magnesium. Symptoms of hypocalcemia include tetany, muscle cramps, abnormal heart rhythms, and more. Treatment involves calcium and vitamin D supplementation to normalize calcium levels.

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    of 8

    ATP-DEPENDENT

    Ca PUMP -LIGAND-GATED
    CHANNEL
    *MOST CELLS
    -
    * CDNTROLLED BY
    Nat-Car HoRMONES &
    NEUROTRANSMITTERS
    ExCHANGER
    VOLTAGE-GATED
    CHANNEL
    * MUSCLE & NERVE
    ORGANELES CELLS

    *CONTROLLED BY
    eg- MITO CHONDRIA &
    SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC ELECTRIC MEMBEANE
    RErI PoTENTIAL
    ExTRACEUwLAR Ca (Bio00 +luTeRSTITIUM)
    * DIFFUSIBLE * heuron action potentials
    * Contraction of muscle
    hormone secretion
    SMALL
    LcOMPLEXED blood Coaqulation
    OXALATE
    ~ELELTRICALY NEUTPAL
    n NOT USEFUL for CeLLVLAR PRoceSSES
    * NOT DIFFUSIBLE
    HYPOCALCEMIA
    LESS
    LOw

    HYPOPAPATHYROLDISM Low VITAMIN D


    * DeFIIENT DIET
    MAGNESluM
    DEFICIENCY SURGICAL
    * MALABSORPTION
    REMOVAL
    CIRRHOSIS
    CONGENITAL AUTOIMMUNE
    LACK of SuNLIGHT
    5
    PROBLEMS
    OGeorge Syndrone
    DeSTRUCTION
    * CHRONIc RENAL FAILURE
    HYPOCALCEMIA
    MORE

    Too MUCH EXCRETION TissUE INJURY


    c.g. BußuS, RHABDOMYO;YSIS,
    KIDNEY Cazt FiLTERED TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME
    FAILURE

    CaspergSORGED LwsouusLe
    OTHER INFLAMMATORY PROESSES
    * AcUTE PANCREATITIS
    cazt ExcRETED n
    URINE
    Low Cazr.

    OTHER SYMPTOMS
    MUSCLEt CRAMPS
    TETANY CHVOSTEKS * ABDOMINAL PAIN
    SIGN
    TROUSSEAVs * PERIORAL TINGLING
    * INVOLUNTARY
    MUSCLE SlGN
    CONTRACTION
    DIAGNOSIS
    *Low Ca n BLOOD~ <3.5
    <85 mglaL
    Prolonged St seghcnt
    *ELECTROCAPDIOGRAM
    CARRHYTHMIAS
    eq- ToRSADES DE PoINTES
    * LAB TESTS -prolanqed QT
    LlevELS of PARATHYROID HORMONE VITAMIN D, ALBUMIN,
    PHOSPHORUS,2 MAGNESIUM
    TREATMENTNOgMAUZE Co*
    * CALCIUM GLUcONATE
    4 UITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION
    HYPOCALCEMIA
    Low Ca nthre BLOOD
    Low Ca CONTROLLING
    HORMONES CELS MOPE
    ExcITABLE StMPTOMS
    PARATHYROID HORMDNE * TETANY
    MUSCLE SP ASM
    K CARDIAC
    k pCTIVE yiTAMIN D DYSFUNCTION

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