FLAME PHOTOMETRY& FLUOROMETRY

1. In 1873, ___________, ________, and __________, revolutionized chemical analysis with

their invention of the _________________, allowing precise measurement of sodium content

in plant ash samples within a 5% margin

2. In flame photometry, ________ absorbs light at the same ________ at which it emits light

3. Flame photometry is the standard method for the analysis of ________ and ______.

4. Flame photometry is a branch of __________ in which species examined in the spectrometer

in the form of ___________

PRINCIPLES OF FLAME PHOTOMETRY

5. Flame color for sodium ________

6. Potassium has a flame color of __________

7. Red is the flame color for what element? __________

8. Calcium has the flame color of ___________

9. Lime Green is the flame color for what element? ____________

10. Internal standard: _____________ ; Matter absorbs light at the same wavelength at which it

emits light"

11. The _________________ of colour tells what the element is (qualitative)

12. The _______________ tells us how much of the element present (quantitative)

13. Photodetector: ________________

14. Light source: Flame (also serves as the ___________)

15. Excitation of ______________ from lower to higher energy state

 BRIEF OVERVIEW

16. Absorption of energy, leading to ____________ levels.

17. Movement of molecules towards flame for _____________.

18. Production of gaseous __________ and ____________.

19. Emission of characteristic _____________.

20. Aspiration of ______________ for fine solid particles.

21. Instability of _____________, causing return to ground state.

22. Emitted _______________ proportional to ____________ concentration.

__________________ 23. high temperature flame may cause ionization of some of the metal atoms.

__________________ 24. occurs when the emission lines of two elements cannot be resolved or

arises from the background of the flame itself.

__________________ 25. arise out of the reaction between different interferences and the analyte

__________________ 26. One of the major components of flame photometry that coverts liquid

sample into mist and sprays the fine particles into flame using compressed jet of gases (fuel & air).

__________________ 27. It is used to spray the sample into fine droplets.

_________________ 28. It Isolate desired wavelenght from undesired wavelenght filter or

monochromator are required.. .

__________________ 29. Type of burner that is widely use because of the uniformity in flame

intensity.

__________________ 30. Type of burner wherein the entire sample if consumed.

__________________ 31. What are the 3 parts of monochromator?

______________________ 32. It is Capable of displaying the absorption spectrum as well as

absorbance at specific wavelength.

______________________ 33. It Detects the intensity of emitted light coming from flame and

generates currant proportional to it.

APPLICATIONS

34. Determination of ______________ and ______________ metals .

35. Determination of _____________.

36. Study of ______________ constants.

37. Determination of _____________ and _____________ in cement.

38. Estimation of sodium, ___________ , calcium, and ___________levels.

_____________ 39. Ground state > Excited > Goes back to Energy lower than or equal to their

original level which would emit a light.

_____________ 40. It Measures the amount of light emitted by a molecule after excitation by

electromagnetic radiation.

_____________ 41. Type of luminescence that Stores absorb light for some time and release it later

on.

_____________ 42. Type of luminescence that Light is created from chemical or electrochemical.

_____________ 43. Type of luminescence wherein emission of light is immediate and is only visible if

light source is continuously on.

_____________44. More sensitive than spectrophotometry.

45. Fluometry is a Measurement of FLUORESCENCE. AKA, how much a material is

_____________.

____________________ 46. Principle: It determines the amount of light emitted by a molecule after

excitation by electromagnetic radiation. It measures the amount of light intensity present over a zero

background.

_____________________ 47. It is a subset of molecular luminescence spectrometry (MLS);

fluorescence and phosphorescence are types of MLS

____________________ 48. is the light emission from a single excited state, while phosphorescence

is the light emission from an excited triplet state

49. Fluometry instrumentation is _____________ x more e sensitive than spectrophotometer -

emitted radiation is measured directly. It is affected by quenching pH and temperature changes,

chemical contaminants, and UV light changes

50. Fluorometry Instrumentation is For measurement of _____________, ______________,

_____________ or _____________

51. Fluorometry Instrumentation basic components: _______ (mercury arc or xenon lamp),

_________________, _______________________ , cuvette, and _______________-

(photomultiplier tube or phototube).

__________________ 52. The source emits short-wavelength high-energy excitation light

__________________53. Type of lamp that give 350 nm to 734 nm region radiation. A mixture of UV

light and visible light at high pressure

__________________ 54. Type of lamp when molecule are excited in visible region
_________________ 55. Type of lamp that gives more intensity radiation when compared to Mercury

lamp

__________________ 56. device which transforms light energy into electrical signals that are

observed on recorder.

__________________ 57. Used to monitor binding events in a solution.

_________________ 58. In here, Radiant energy is polarized in a single plane.

59. Flurorescence polarization- Assess biomolecular interactions: _______________, __________,

________________.

_________________ 60. Adapted to basic research and high-throughput screening

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

________________ 61. Fluorometry is approximately 1000 times more sensitive than the most

spectrophotometric methods, because the emitted radiation is measured directly; it can be increased

simply by increasing the intensity of the exciting radiant energy

_________________ 62. This is increased by fluorometry by selecting the optimal wavelength for

both absorption and fluorescents, rather than just the absorption wavelength seen with the

spectrophotometer.

63. _____________ to environment changes.

64. Changes in ____ affect availability of electrons, and ___________ changes the probability of loss

of energy by collision than fluorescent.