SAN GREGORIO PORTOVIEJO UNIVERSITY

“FORMATIVE RESEARCH INFORMATION”

ENGLISH PROJECT

“OCEANS AND SEAS”

“II “A-B-C LAW MAJOR

II LEVEL-SGSL”

Students:
• Jhomayra Desiree Plaza Bazurto
• Melany Arianna Segovia Morán
• Lisbeth Monserratt Mendoza Cedeño
• Diana Carolina Vera Mantuano
• Vielka Patricia San Andrés Quevedo

Teacher:

Lic. Nathaly Calderón Zambrano. Mg. Ge

Date:

Monday, July 4th, 2022.

Period:

April 2022 – September 2022

 UNIVERSIDAD SAN GREGORIO DE PORTOVIEJO

II LEVEL- LAW “A-B-C”- USGP.

I PARTIAL
ACADEMIC PERIOD: APRIL 2022- SEPTEMBER 2022.

RUBRICS FOR FORMATIVE ENGLISH RESEARCH.

“OCEANS AND SEAS”

GRADING RUBRIC DEFINITION/ ACTIVITY PERCENT SCORE REAL

SCORE

SUMMARY WORK RESEARCH´S WEB INFORMATION 50% 1.00

ABOUT “OCEANS AND SEAS”

PARAGRAPHS´ MAKE 5 SENTENCES: 40% 0.80

CONTENT
“USE LINKING WORDS, TIME
EXPRESSIONS, USE THE
CONNECTORS, SPELLING,
GRAMMAR, PUNCTUACTION,
CAPITALIZACION.( SIMPLE
PRESENT, PRESENT CONTINUOUS,
PAST SIMPLE)

ANNEXES 5% 0.10
LINKS/ PHOTOS / PICTURES

STYLE AND INFORMATION IS PRESENTED IN A 5% 0.10

ORDER LOCAL SEQUENCE.
(COVER, RUBRIC, TOPIC´S
CONTENT, CONCLUSIONS - LINKS)
TOTAL SCORE 100% 2 ptos.

Lic. Nathaly Calderón Zambrano. Mg. Ge.

ENGLISH TEACHER CID/SGSL-USGP
According to the World Atlas, 95% of the ocean floor remains undiscovered.

Historically, mermaid sightings either are made by mistake or hoaxes created by man.

The fish-tailed half-human creature continues to fascinate people all over the world.

Some took their mermaid fascination to another level: by being a professional mermaid

themselves! Did you know that the explorer Christopher Columbus mistook a manatee

for a mermaid? Funnily enough, notorious pirate Blackbeard did all he could to avoid a

mermaid encounter.

Selkies are mermaids who can transform their fins into human legs.

Some women can easily transform from mermaids to humans. Women “possessing an

unearthly beauty with dark hair and eyes” who can “shed their skins and frolic on the

sand” are commonly associated with selkies.

Its most popular legend is the Scottish folklore of a man stealing a selkie’s skin to make

her his wife. The couple had children, but the selkie never found her skin and longed to

return home to the sea.

A mermaid’s singing can lure sailors to their death.

There is no denying a mermaid’s ethereal beauty, but it’s their voice people should be

wary of. One superstition requires sailors to put wax in their ears to block a mermaid’s

singing. Otherwise, the sailors would have the urge to swim with the mermaids and sink

to their deaths

Legends say humans evolved from mermaids.

There are several theories on the evolution of men, most notably Charles Darwin‘s The

Origin of Species in 1859. The 2012 documentary Mermaid: The Body Found discussed

the possibility of humans and mermaids being evolutionarily linked. Some say the claim

is purely speculation while some argue that the claims may be proof of evolution..

The Bermuda Triangle is a mythical section of the Atlantic Ocean roughly bounded by

Miami, Bermuda and Puerto Rico where dozens of ships and airplanes have

disappeared. Unexplained circumstances surround some of these accidents, including

one in which the pilots of a squadron of U.S. Navy bombers became disoriented while

flying over the area; the planes were never found. Other boats and planes have

seemingly vanished from the area in good weather without even radioing distress

messages. But although myriad fanciful theories have been proposed regarding the

Bermuda Triangle, none of them prove that mysterious disappearances occur more

frequently there than in other well-traveled sections of the ocean. In fact, people

navigate the area every day without incident.

Legend of the Bermuda Triangle

The area referred to as the Bermuda Triangle, or Devil’s Triangle, covers about 500,000

square miles of ocean off the southeastern tip of Florida. When Christopher Columbus

sailed through the area on his first voyage to the New World, he reported that a great

flame of fire (probably a meteor) crashed into the sea one night and that a strange light

appeared in the distance a few weeks later. He also wrote about erratic compass

readings, perhaps because at that time a sliver of the Bermuda Triangle was one of the

few places on Earth where true north and magnetic north lined up.

This area has also been referred to as the “Devil’s Triangle”. Throughout the decades it

has been discussed in thousands of popular movies, books and documentaries.

This area has also been referred to as the “Devil’s Triangle”. Throughout the decades it

has been discussed in thousands of popular movies, books and documentaries.

Old unexplained ‘mysteries’

The hype around the Bermuda Triangle can be traced back to a series of unexplained

disappearances of ships and aircraft.

In 1945, five US Navy planes and 14 men disappeared in the area while doing routine

training exercises. The flight’s leader, Lieutenant Charles Taylor, was heard over the

radio saying:

We are entering white water, nothing seems right. We don’t know where we are, the

water is green, no white.

The US navy investigated and ultimately reported the incident as “cause unknown”.

From the time of this incident until the mid-1980s, 25 small planes disappeared while

passing through the Bermuda Triangle. They were never seen again. No wreckage was

ever recovered.

THE KRAKEN

In the Nordic sagas and chronicles of the Middle Ages, a terrifying sea monster the size

of an island is mentioned, which moved through the seas between Norway and Iceland.

The 13th-century Icelandic saga of Örvar-Oddr spoke of the "greatest monster of the

sea," swallowing "men and ships, and even whales." This intriguing news is taken up in

later texts, such as the chronicle of the Swedish Olaus Magnus, from the 16th century,

who described colossal creatures capable of sinking a ship.

In the 18th century, such stories were still circulating, and in fact it was then that the

monster began to be known by the name of "kraken", a Norwegian term referring to

something twisted. In 1752, the Bishop of Bergen, Erik Ludvigse Pontoppidan, speaks

of the kraken in his Natural History of Norway: "A beast a mile and a half in length,

which if it seized the largest warship, would drag it to the bottom", and specifies that "it

lives stationed on the seabed and only rises to the surface when it is heated by the fires

of hell."

SEEN ON THE HIGH SEA

In these hyperbolic descriptions not everything was imaginary. Pontoppidan, for

example, noted that "the discharges of the animal cloud the waters." Therefore, it could

be a squid: a giant squid. The story of the kraken was related to the adventures of sailors

in unknown seas who recounted what they had seen and experienced when they

returned. If the Nordic sailors had been limited to the North Atlantic, in modern times

the field of observation was extended to the entire Pacific.

Some sailors spoke of the "Red Devil", a squid that caught and devoured shipwrecked

people. Others referred to insatiable marine animals that reached 12 or 13 meters in

length. The testimonies of naval officers who described encounters with these beings

followed one another, sowing confusion among scientists. The famous Swedish

naturalist Carl von Linnaeus, father of modern taxonomy, included the kraken in his

Systema Naturae (1735), but most scientists were not prepared to assume the existence

of the terrible Nordic monster.

AN ULTIMATE MEETING
The episode that marked a before and after in the history of the giant squid occurred in

1861. The French steamer Alecton found a six-meter-long cephalopod northeast of

Tenerife, in Atlantic waters. Its commander, Frigate Captain Frédéric Bouyer, recounted

the encounter in a report to the French Academy of Sciences: the animal "seemed to

want to avoid the ship", but the captain set out to hunt it down by firing harpoons and

rifles at it. He even had it "hoisted on board by tying a rope around its body", but

eventually the creature "dipped" into the depths. Even so, Bouyer kept a fragment of the

squid that he sent to the prestigious biologist Pierre Flourens.

An estimated 50-80% of all life on earth is found under the ocean surface and the

oceans contain 99% of the living space on the planet. Less than 10% of that space has

been explored by humans. 85% of the area and 90% of the volume constitute the dark,

cold environment we call the deep sea. The average depth of the ocean is 3,795 m. The

average height of the land is 840 m.

“Currently, scientists have named and successfully classified around 1.5 million species.

It is estimated that there are as little as 2 million to as many as 50 million more species

that have not yet been found and/or have been incorrectly classified.”

Each year, three times as much rubbish is dumped into the world’s oceans as the weight

of fish caught.

Oil is one of the ocean’s “greatest” resources. Nearly one-third of the world’s oil comes

from offshore fields in our oceans. Areas most popular for oil drilling are the Arabian

Gulf, the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.

Refined oil is also responsible for polluting the ocean. More oil reaches the oceans each

year as a result of leaking automobiles and other non-point sources than the oil spilled

in Prince William Sound by the Exxon Valdez or even in the Gulf of Mexico during

the Deepwater Horizon/BP oil spill.

Fish supply the greatest percentage of the world’s protein consumed by humans and

most of the world’s major fisheries are being fished at levels above their maximum

sustainable yield; some regions are severely overfished.

More than 90% of the trade between countries is carried by ships and about half the

communications between nations use underwater cables.

Swordfish and marlin are the fastest fish in the ocean reaching speeds up to 121 kph in

quick bursts; bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) may reach sustained speeds up to 90 kph.

Blue whales are the largest animals on our planet ever (exceeding the size of the

greatest known dinosaurs) and have hearts the size of small cars.

Oarfish (Regalecus glesne), are the longest bony fish in the world. They have a

snakelike body sporting a magnificent red fin and can grow up to 17 m in length! They

have a distinctive horse-like face and blue gills, and are thought to account for many

sea-serpent sightings.

Many fish can change sex during the course of their lives. Others, especially rare deep-

sea fish, have both male and female sex organs. One study of a deep-sea

community revealed 898 species from more than 100 families and a dozen phyla in an

area about half the size of a tennis court. More than half of these were new to science.
Life began in the ocean 3.1 billion to 3.4 billion years ago. Land dwellers appeared

approximately 400 million years ago, relatively recently in geologic time.

Because the architecture and chemistry of coral is so similar to human bone, coral has

been used to replace bone grafts in helping human bone to heal quickly and cleanly.
Conclusions

• Mermaids are very mysterious and interesting beings, although until today their

existence has not been confirmed.

• The Kraken was a 16th century sea monster that swallowed men and ships, only

rising to the surface when heated by hellfire.

• The Bermuda Triangle is known as the "Devil's Triangle". Its popular for the

different series, movies and documentaries. It is important to know the

curiosities of the ocean and the mysteries it hides.

• Many fish are changing sex throughout their lives, so they have male and female

sexual organs.

• Coral is being used to replace some bone grafts so it can help humans heal

quickly and cleanly.

Annexes
Links

• https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/kraken-monstruo-marino-que-

engullia-barcos_13028

• https://facts.net/mermaid-facts/

• https://theconversation.com/curious-kids-what-is-the-bermuda-triangle-and-

why-is-it-considered-dangerous-145616

• https://www.marinebio.org/creatures/facts/