CE416

PRINCIPLE OF REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE DESIGN

PLATE NO. 1

INTRODUCTION TO CONCRETE DESIGN

TITLE

DATE PERFORMED: EVALUATION RATING:

___________________
DATE DUE :
February 20, 2024
GROUP NO. :
1

SUBMITTED BY :
VIOS, ALLEN RAFAEL M.
STUDENT

SUBMITTED TO :
ENGR. MARK HEINTJE A. CUNAN
INSTRUCTOR

REMARKS:

2ND SEMESTER SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024

 PLATE NO. 01
Exercise Requirements:
1. Provide the floor plans, roof plan, and elevations (front, rear, right, and left side views) of a proposed two-story
building. The building may be residential, commercial, industrial, or other types.
2. From the proposed floor plan, perform the following tasks:
● Determine the occupancy category of the structure and provide an explanation (refer to NSCP section
103 Table 103-1).
● Create a list of dead loads to be considered for structural analysis, along with their corresponding unit
weights and magnitudes. Do not calculate the equivalent loading of each dead load; simply list and
identify its numerical value (refer to NSCP section 204 Table 204-1 and 204-2).
● Identify the floor and roof live loads to be used for structural analysis (refer to NSCP section 205 Table
205-1 and 204-3).
3. Explain the basis or criteria for choosing the corresponding magnitude of each type of loading.

PERSPECTIVE
FLOOR PLAN

ELEVATIONS
ROOF PLAN

1. FLOOR PLAN OCCUPANCY CATEGORY OF STRUCTURES

FIRST FLOOR/GROUND FLOOR

AREA OF CATEGORY OCCUPANCY CATEGORY(AS EXPLAINATION
PER NSCP 2015 STANDARDS)

CARPORT CATEGORY As per NSCP Standard it stated

V(MISCELLANEOUS that category V is where carport,
STRUCTURES) private garages is designated
since it serves as an extension for
the structure where
miscellaneous files are
categorized

PORCH CATEGORY Its designated to Category V

V(MISCELLANEOUS since porch again is like an
STRUCTURES) extension of the house housing a
shed like structure over 1.5 m
high for the entrance of the house

LIVING AREA CATEGORY IV(STANDARD As per the NSCP Standard stated

OCCUPANICES STRUCTURES) that all structures not mention in
CATEGORY I,II or III And V is
considered as standard
occupancy structures.

KITCHEN AREA CATEGORY II(HAZARDOUS It is stated that in CATEGORY II

FACILITIES) that any explosives or toxic
chemical substances where it is
stored is considered as
 CATEGORY II and since the
kitchen area houses the propane
tanks for cooking it is safe to say
the kitchen area belongs to the
category only to the fact that it
houses a propane tank that is
susceptible to exploding.

DINNING AREA CATEGORY IV(STANDARD As per NSCP it belongs to

OCCUPANICES STRUCTURES) category IV since it does not
house any harmful chemicals and
is not and priority area where
emergencies happen, it also does
not belong to category V since its
not being mention to any
extension of the house

TOILET AND BATH CATEGORY IV(STANDARD Again it is categorized in category

OCCUPANICES STRUCTURES) IV since it is a bathroom only
housing the occupants which are
the home owners and it does not
house any harmful chemical and
explosive substances.

STAIRWAY CATEGORY IV(STANDARD It is categorized as category IV

OCCUPANICES STRUCTURES) since it serves as an walkway or
connection for the first floor to the
second floor and is not a place
where harmful objects are stored
and not a special built structure
for a certain community

SERVICE AREA CATEGORY II(HAZARDOUS It is stated in the NSCP that it is

FACILITIES) categorized as category II if any
toxic or explosive substance is
being stored in that certain
structure, and since service area
houses chemical for cleaning,

SECOND FLOOR
AREA OF CATEGORY OCCUPANCY CATEGORY(AS EXPLAINATION
PER NSCP 2015 STANDARDS)

FAMILY AREA CATEGORY IV(STANDARD Since the family area from the
OCCUPANICES STRUCTURES) floor plan shows that there is no
harmful objects and it does not
belong to special structures built
for special purposes it is by
default to be in category IV since
only the occupants of the house
can benefit and there is no
special use for it other than
 bonding with the occupants
family.

BEDROOM 1 CATEGORY IV(STANDARD Since bedroom is used only by

OCCUPANICES STRUCTURES) occupants there is no other
special use other than for a
resting area of the occupants

BEDROOM 2 CATEGORY IV(STANDARD Again Since bedroom is used only

OCCUPANICES STRUCTURES) by occupants there is no other
special use other than for a
resting area of the occupants

COMMON TOILET AND BATH CATEGORY IV(STANDARD The common toilet and bath is
OCCUPANICES STRUCTURES fitted to category IV since it does
not belong to category I,II,II and V
since its has no special use and
no harmful substances is being
stored and used for private time
for the as occupants

MASTERS BEDROOM CATEGORY IV(STANDARD Based on NSCP standard Master

OCCUPANICES STRUCTURES bedroom is part of Standard
occupies substructures since it
serves as an resting place for
them.

MASTERS TOILETS AND CATEGORY IV(STANDARD Masters bedroom toilet and bath
BEDROOMS OCCUPANICES STRUCTURES is categorized as CATEGORY IV
since it is only accessible to the
occupants and is a standard in
housing, and there is no speciality
for use in the masters bedroom
and toilet

TERRACE AND BALCONYS CATEGORY IV(STANDARD Terraces and balcony is

OCCUPANICES STRUCTURES considered as CATEGORY IV by
NSCP since its only purpose is for
the use of occupant and nothing
else, not housing and harmful
chemicals and explosive
substances.

LIST OF DEAD LOADS TO BE CONSIDERED TO THE MAGELLE RESIDENCE

MATERIAL DENSITY(KN/m)

CEMENT, PORTLAND LOOSE 14.1

REINFORCED CONCRETE CINDER 17.4

SLAG 21.7

STONE INCLUDING GRAVEL 23.6

GLASS 25.1
PLYWOOD 5.7

PARTICLE BOARD 7.1

WATER FRESH 9.8

MARBLE ASHLAR TONE 27.2

CAST STONE MASONRY 22.6

EXPANDED SLAG AGGREGATE 15.7

GRAVEL, DRY 16.3

GYPSUM WALLBOARD 7.9

CAND CLEAN AND DRY 14.1

SUBMERGED SOIL 11.0

CERAMIC TILE 23.6

EART SUBMERGED SAND OR GRAVEL 9.4

DEAD LOADS EXPLAINATION:

The dead loads we have chosen are the types of loads the is correlated to the residential building of the our proposed 2
storey building which requires reinforced concretes for the second floor and ground floor and also required plywood and
other types of woods for the floor finish of the building while some other parts of the proposed building is using ceramic
and marble tiles finish. It is also part of the proposed 2 storey building where the use of portland concrete is need since
the portland concrete is to be used since it is common and universal and way cheaper alternative than other types of
mixture of concrete where it can be sturdy to be mixed with rebars.

MAGELLE RESIDENCE LIVE LOADS CONSIDERATION LOADINGS

OCCUPANCY UNIFORM LOAD CONCENTRATED

LOADS

CATEGORY DESCRIPTION KPA KN

RESIDENTIAL BASIC FLOOR AREA 1.9 0

EXTERIOR BALCONIES 2.9 0

DECKS 1.9 0

STORAGE 1.9 0

RESTROOMS ---- ------ ------

CEILING FRAMING USES EXCEPT OVER O.5 --

STAGES

BALCONY RAILINGS COMPONENTS --- 1.2

AND GUADRAILS
OTHER THAN EXIT --- 0.30KN/m^7
FACILITIES
EXPLAINATION:
We use the live loads of residential buildings since it perfectly fist to the requirement of the 2 storey building of our
proposed design and structure, it also to be noted we included the standard requirement of balconies although the
required balcony on residential building is not applicable to the commercial ones. It also to be seen the we have
included ceiling frame live loads since we are located in a tropical country where the wind loads here in the Philippines
wind loads are at a higher degree, it is also to be added since the ceiling frames will usually move in terms of the
structure being flexible to allow minuscule structure disturbances so that it can adopt and adsorb the wind and
earthquake loads.
1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of concrete over steel use as structural elements.

The advantages of concrete over steel use as structural elements:

•Great resistance over fire and water. It is also the best structural material while water Is present and, In fact, many people use
concrete as covers to fire rather than steel. Covering using bar against a fire will still make you suffer a lot from surface damage.
•Concrete has low-maintenance than steel.
•Long service life.
•Can be cast into many variety of extraordinary shapes.

Disadvantages of concrete over steel use as structural elements:

•Concrete Is needed to be hold by formworks until it hardens. It needs supports until It strengthens overtime.
•Concrete may have a high compression strength, it has a low tensile strength. The tensile strength is the extent of the power
needed to pull something to its breaking point. Because concrete is made up of many tiny stones, so there are existing fissures on
its body. For this reason, steel rebar and wire mesh are introduced to the concrete to help raise the tensile strength.

2. Explain what is the design compressive strength of concrete? Discuss this and also identify the minimum compressive
strength as per NSCP 2015. (see section 419)

The design of the compressive strength concrete is where the testing of the concrete is determined by the use of the compressing
testing machine and also where the failure load is used for the determination of the compressive strength by dividng the failure
loads from the test to the cross sectional area resisting the load in PSI or MPA. To identify the minimum compressive test strength
we must look into the the NSCP as of 2015 where there it is stated that there are normal weight and light weight where it is \stated
that both have a minimum requirement of 17 MOA but as of NSCP there are also special cases where the normal and lightweight
have a minimum requirement of 22 MPA and the lightweight have a maximum of 35 MPA.

3. Discuss the minimum testing requirement for placing of concrete. (This is topic in construction materials and testing.)

In flexural strength test on concrete beams the following are the samples:
• a 1 set of consisting 3 beams samples shall represent a 330 s1.m of pavement
• 230 mm depth or fraction thereof placed each day and the volume of concrete must not be more than 75.cu.m.

The purpose of this minimal testing is to ensure that they are representative of a specific pavement area, placed at a specific depth,
and made of a limited amount of concrete by seeing/observing how they work in different scenarios.

4. List and discuss the different types of concrete.

Answer:

Normal Strength Concrete - Is made up of a combination of several fundamental ingredients such as aggregate, concrete, and
sand in a 1:2:4 ratio. This mixture produces normal-strength concrete that can be used for many applications. It takes about 30 to
90 minutes to set, but this is dependent on the weather conditions at the concrete site and the cement’s properties. It’s normally
used for pavements or buildings that don’t need high tensile strength. It is not very good for many other structures since it doesn’t
withstand the stresses created by wind loading or vibrations very well.

Reinforced Concrete - this form of concrete is widely used in industry and modern construction. Reinforced concrete gets its
strength through the help of wires, steel rods, or cables that are placed in the concrete before it sets. A more familiar name for
these items is rebar. Lately, people have used fibers to reinforce this concrete.
Plain or Ordinary Concrete - this is another concrete that uses the common mix design of 1:2:4 with its components of cement,
sand, and aggregates. You can employ it to make pavement or buildings where there is not a high demand for tensile strength. It
faces the same challenges as normal strength concrete and it doesn’t stand up very well to vibrations or wind loading. Plain or
ordinary concrete is also used in dam construction. The durability rating of this kind of concrete is very satisfactory.

Prestressed Concrete - prestressed concrete units are used for many large concrete projects. To create prestressed concrete,
you must use a special technique. Like reinforced concrete, it includes bars or tendons. But these bars or tendons are stressed
before the actual application of the concrete.

Precast concrete - as with most classes of concrete, precast concrete must be made and cast according to specific
measurements. These concrete units are eventually transported to the application site and assembled for use.

Lightweight concrete - lightweight concrete is any kind of concrete that has a density of less than 1920kg/m3. Lightweight
concrete is created by using lightweight aggregates. Aggregates are ingredients that add to the density of the style of concrete.
These lightweight aggregates are made up of various natural, artificial and processed materials.

Stamped concrete - also known as imprinted or textured concrete, stamped concrete is designed to realistically replicate the look
and pattern of natural stones, tiles, brick, and granites. Stamped concrete is often used to construct patios, pool decks, interior
floors, and driveways.

High-Density Concrete - high-density concrete has a very specific purpose. It is frequently used in the construction of atomic
power plants. The heavyweight aggregates used in the creation of high- density concrete help the structure resist radiation.

Ready-mix concrete - concrete prepared and bathed in a centrally located plant is known as ready- mix concrete. This concrete is
mixed as it is transported to the site in the familiar cement trucks seen often on roads and highways. Once the trucks reach the
worksite, the cement can be used immediately because it does not need further treatment. Ready-mix concrete is a specialty
concrete that is mixed based on specifications developed with great precision.

Self-Consolidated Concrete - self-consolidating concrete will compact on its own due to its weight when put in place. This
non-segregating, highly flowable concrete will fill the formwork and spread easily into place to encapsulate the reinforcement
without the need for vibration or mechanical consolidation. This highly workable concrete is best used for applications and areas
where there is thick reinforcement.

5. Discuss the different reinforcing steel bar grade available in the Philippines.

In the Philippines, steel comes in grades 33, 40, 60, and 75. Grade 33 is used in low-rise structures with low needs and conditions,
grade 40 is used in medium-sized buildings, such as stores or small malls, grade 60 is used in medium-to high-rise buildings, such
as ten-story buildings, and so on. The final one is the grade 75, which is the area when a tall building collapses.

6. What do you mean by concrete cover? Discuss this and identify the different concrete cover as per NSCP 2015. (See
section 420)

The special concrete cover for cast-in non-prestressed concrete members, the specified concrete cover for cat-in prestressed
concrete members, and the specific concrete cover for precast non- prestressed or prestressed concrete members made in a plant
are all made in accordance with the guidelines of NSCP 2015. Whereas the specified concrete cover for cast-in-place prestressed
concrete members is where all members can be cast again and remain permanently in contact with the ground, the specified
concrete cover for cast-in-place prestressed concrete members is where all members can be cast again and remain in permanent
contact with the ground, where the specified cover is likewise 75 mm. The primary reinforcement stirrups, ties, spirals, and hoops
are 40 mm of the steel bar diameter is less than 20 mm. Another is for the concrete cover for the precast, non- prestressed, or
prestressed concrete members made in a plant. This is the area where the concrete cover for the end fittings and reinforcement
ducts that are exposed to the elements or the ground, including the wall and all other elements where the reinforcement is 50 mm,
40 mm, and 32 mm for all other elements and 40 mm, 30 mm for the walls.