NAME: Roshanne Danica J.

Vergara DATE:
AREA: BQM CI:

NAME: DATE OF ADMISSION:

AGE/SEX: ADMITTING DIAGNOSIS:
ROOM NUMBER: ATTENDING PHYSICIAN:

DRUG STUDY

Generic Brand Classification Mechanism of action Indication Adverse reaction Nursing consideration
Name name
Fentanyl Fentora Functional: Fentanyl is a potent Fentanyl is primarily CNS: seizures 1. Assessment: Perform a thorough assessment
Opiod analgesic synthetic opioid indicated for the of the patient's pain level, vital signs,
analgesic that acts management of severe CV:Asystole, respiratory status, and sedation level before
Analgesic,anesthesia primarily on the mu- pain, particularly in cases bradycardia, and after administering fentanyl.
adjunct opioid receptors in the where other opioid hypotension
central nervous system. analgesics are either not 2. Education: Educate the patient and their
Its mechanism of action tolerated or are ineffective. EENT: family about the medication, including its
involves binding to It is commonly used in laryngospasm purpose, potential side effects, and how to
these receptors, which surgical settings, during ENDO: Adrenal report any adverse reactions.
are located in the brain anesthesia, and for the insufficiency (rare)
and spinal cord, and management of 3. Monitoring: Monitor the patient closely for
modulating the breakthrough pain in cancer RESP: Apnea, signs of respiratory depression, sedation,
perception of pain. By patients who are already depressed oough reflex, hypotension, and other adverse reactions. Use
activating these receiving around-the-clock hypoventilation, a sedation scale, such as the Ramsay Sedation
receptors, fentanyl opioid therapy. Fentanyl is respiratory Depression Scale, to assess sedation level.
inhibits the transmission available in various
of pain signals and alters formulations, including SKIN: exfoliative 4. Safety measures: Implement safety measures
the brain's response to transdermal patches, dermatitis to prevent falls and injuries, especially if the
pain, leading to lozenges, injectable patient experiences sedation or dizziness.
analgesia (pain relief). solutions, and nasal sprays, Other: Anaphylaxis
to cater to different patient 5. Respiratory support: Have resuscitation
needs and preferences. equipment readily available and be prepared
Additionally, fentanyl
can also affect other In the operating room (OR),
receptors in the body, fentanyl is commonly used
such as kappa and delta as an analgesic agent to
opioid receptors, as well provide pain relief during
as other surgical procedures. It is
neurotransmitter particularly useful for its
systems, which may rapid onset and short
contribute to its overall duration of action, making
analgesic effects. it ideal for use during
Fentanyl is known for its procedures where quick
rapid onset and short pain relief is needed.
duration of action, Fentanyl is often
making it useful for administered intravenously
managing acute pain, and is titrated based on the
such as during surgery patient's response to
or in the immediate maintain adequate pain
postoperative period. control throughout the
However, its potency surgery. Additionally,
also makes it prone to fentanyl may be used in
misuse and abuse, combination with other
leading to potential anesthetic agents to achieve
overdose and respiratory balanced anesthesia and
depression. ensure patient comfort
during surgery.
to provide respiratory support if needed, such
as administering oxygen or assisting with
ventilation.
6. Pain assessment and management:
Continuously assess the patient's pain level
and response to fentanyl. Adjust the dosage as
needed to provide adequate pain relief.
7. Constipation prevention: Implement
measures to prevent constipation, such as
encouraging adequate fluid intake, fiber-rich
diet, and use of stool softeners if necessary.
8. Patient advocacy: Advocate for the patient's
pain management needs and ensure that they
receive appropriate and timely pain relief.
9. Documentation: Document all assessments,
interventions, and the patient's response to
fentanyl in their medical record accurately
and promptly.
10. Communication: Maintain open
communication with the healthcare team to
ensure coordinated care and optimal patient
outcomes.
diazepam Valium PHARMACOTHERA Diazepam acts as a Diazepam is indicated for 1. Assessment: Prior to administering
10mg IV PEUTIC: positive allosteric the management of IV route may produce diazepam, assess Mr. Santos' vital
Benzodiazepine(Sched modulator of the anxiety disorders, alcohol pain, signs, respiratory status, and level of
ule IV) gamma aminobutyric withdrawal symptoms, swelling consciousness. Evaluate his medical
CLINICAL: acid muscle spasms, seizure ,thrombophlebitis, history for any allergies or previous
Antianxiety,skeletal (GABA) receptor, disorders, and as carpal adverse reactions to benzodiazepines.
muscle which adjunctive therapy in the tunnel syndrome. 2. Patient Education: Educate Mr. Santos
relaxant,anticonvulsan is the major inhibitory treatment of certain Abrupt and his family about diazepam's
t neurotransmitter in the medical conditions such or too-rapid withdrawal purpose, dosage, and potential side
central nervous system as tetanus. It is also used may result in effects. Emphasize the importance of
(CNS). By binding to as a premedication for pronounced avoiding alcohol and sedating
the procedural sedation and restlessness, irritability, medications while taking diazepam, as
GABA-A receptor anesthesia induction. insomnia, hand tremor, it can increase the risk of respiratory
complex, diazepam For Mr. Santos, diazepam abdominal/muscle depression.
enhances the inhibitory is prescribed to alleviate cramps, 3. Dosage and Administration:
effects of GABA, acute anxiety and diaphoresis, vomiting, Administer diazepam orally or
resulting in agitation following his leg seizures. Abrupt intravenously as prescribed by the
hyperpolarization of fracture. It can also help withdrawal in pts with healthcare provider. Follow the
neuronal membranes manage any muscle epilepsy may produce recommended dosage regimen based on
and spasms or discomfort increase Mr. Santos' weight, age, and medical
suppression of infrequency/severity of condition. Monitor him closely for
excitatory seizures. Overdose signs of over-sedation or respiratory
neurotransmission. This results depression.
mechanism leads to in drowsiness, 4. Monitoring: Continuously monitor Mr.
sedative, anxiolytic, confusion, Santos' vital signs, including respiratory
muscle relaxant, and diminished reflexes, rate, oxygen saturation, and blood
anticonvulsant effects. CNS pressure, during and after diazepam
depression, coma. administration. Assess for any adverse
Antidote: Flumazenil reactions, such as excessive sedation or
confusion, and report findings promptly
to the healthcare team.
5. Safety Precautions: Implement fall
precautions and ensure a safe
environment for Mr. Santos,
particularly if he experiences
drowsiness or impaired coordination
while on diazepam. Encourage him to
use mobility aids and assistive devices
as needed to prevent falls and injuries.