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Serbo-Croatian
(Redirected from « Serbo-Croatian language »)

Serbo - Croatian or Croatian Serbian ( Srpskohrvatski or

hrvatskosrpski ) is a South Slavic language , spoken mainly in
Croatia , Serbia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro and
Serbo-Croatian
parts of Kosovo . 1 ​2 ​It is a pluricentric language , composed of srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
four literary varieties (Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian and
Spoken
Montenegrin). 3 ​4 ​5 ​ The relationship between the latter is in Serbia Croatia Bosnia and
similar to the similarity between the formal varieties of Spanish Herzegovina Montenegro Kosovo
in Latin America and Spain. 6 ​7 ​ This is a fairly comparable
linguistic situation, with the addition that the differences are
even smaller between the four varieties of this language. 8 ​
9

The main difference between the different written standards is (under different names)
the alphabet. In Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina the Latin Region Balkans
alphabet is usually used , while in Serbia and Montenegro the Speakers 16.3 million
Cyrillic alphabet has traditionally been used , although all
Family
variants or dialects can be written interchangeably in both Indo-European
alphabets.
Baltoslav
The name was used from 1836 (coined by the Slovenian linguist
and philologist Jernej Kopitar ) until the wars in Yugoslavia in Slavic
the early 1990s. It was one of the official languages ​(along with
Albanian , Slovenian and Macedonian ) of this country. Since South Slavic
its disintegration, regional Croatian , Serbian , Bosnian and
Esl. merid. western
Montenegrin designations for the same language have been
promoted in order to encourage and promote the national Serbo-Croatian
identity of the successor countries of the former Yugoslavia.
Writing Latin alphabet ( Gaj ) and Cyrillic
alphabet ( Serbian )
History
Official status
The name "Serbo-Croatian" was born as such in the 19th Officer in Serbia (as Serbian) Croatia (as
century , as a result of the Vienna Agreement between Serbian Croatian) Bosnia and Herzegovina
and Croatian philologists , by which the Novo-štokavski dialect (as Bosnian, Serbian and Croat)
of the Ijekavski variant , originating from eastern Herzegovina , Montenegro (as Montenegrin and
was adopted as the basis of the common literary language. to Serbian) Kosovo (as Serbian)
both towns. European Union (as Croatian)

It should be noted that the linguistic variant adopted is the

same one that Vuk Stefanović Karadžić relied on to carry out
his reform of the Serbian literary language. The peculiarities of
Karadžić's reform are still present in the current Croatian and
Bosnian literary languages, despite nationalist efforts to mark
differences with respect to the Serbian language. Codes
ISO 639- sh
In 1960 the Orthography of the Serbo-Croatian or Croatian- 1
Serbian Literary Language was published , on the basis of the
ISO 639- scr, scc
Novi Sad Agreement of Serbian and Croatian philologists. This
agreement ceased to apply in 1991, when Croatia became 2
independent from Yugoslavia . Since then there has been no ISO 639- hbs (http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/do
joint language academy that regulates the Serbo-Croatian 3 cumentation.asp?id=hbs)
language as such; Processes of divergence have begun in the

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different republics due to war, nationalism, as well as the
search for individuality in each of the peoples and former
Yugoslav republics.

The name

The idea of ​uniting Novo-štokavski first arose in the 1850s.

After the collapse of Yugoslavia , the name "Serbo-Croatian" is
considered politically incorrect, and the speech of each state is
considered a distinct language in each state, thus legally the
Serbian , Croatian , Montenegrin and Bosnian languages ​in
Serbia , Croatia , Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina ,
respectively. However, all these varieties are very similar, and have
few grammatical and intonation differences 10 ​ that do not prevent
mutual understanding. 3 ​ The main difference between the formerly
called "eastern variant" (Serbian) and the "western variant"
(Croatian) is found in the treatment of the old Slavic vowel yat : in the
eastern variant (as in Slovenian ), this vowel gave e , while in the
Western variant it gave je or ije (similarly to Russian ). Taking this
difference into account, we speak of "ekavski variant" and "ijekavski
variant". But, as a considerable number of Serbs lived and still live in
Croatia, Bosnia and Montenegro, that is, in the territories of the
Western variant, the Croatian and Serbian standard recognize both
variants as correct: ekavski and ijekavski.
Ethno-political varieties.
Examples:

serbio: zvezda (estrella), devojka (chica), čovek (hombre)

croata: zvijezda, djevojka, čovjek

Hay además otra variante llamada "ikavski", es decir, en la cual la yat

dio i (de forma similar al ucraniano). Las dos formas son
gramáticamente correctas, y la diferencia en pronunciación es casi
nula.

ikavski: zvizda, divojka, čovik

ijekavski: zvijezda, djevojka, čovjek

Por otro lado, existen algunas diferencias de vocabulario.

croata: kruh (pan), zrak (aire) Subdialects of the Stocavian dialect.

serbio: hleb (pan), vazduh (aire)

En los últimos tiempos se observa también un proceso de creación de nuevas palabras o de renovación léxica.3
Es el caso de la palabra croata "zrakoplov" (literalmente, "aero-navegador"), que antiguamente se refería a los
globos aerostáticos, pero que fue reintroducida recientemente en lugar de la palabra avion (que es la que se
sigue usando en serbio). En la práctica, estas palabras todavía se usan con poca frecuencia en la lengua
coloquial.

La enciclopedia Wikipedia está disponible tanto en serbocroata, como en serbio, croata y bosnio.

Dialectos
Una clasificación divide el idioma serbocroata en cuatro variantes principales: ikavski, ekavski, ijekavski y
jekavski. No se trata propiamente de dialectos, sino de variantes en relación con la evolución de la vocal
protoeslava yat a: i, e, ije, je.

Ejemplos:

Ikavski: divojka, zvizda, misto, razumit, rika, dil

Ijekavski: djevojka, zvijezda, mjesto, razumjeti, dijel/dijeo

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Por otra parte el idioma serbocroata se subdivide en tres divisiones según el pronombre interrogativo 'qué':

la chacava (čakavski) usa cha (ča) o tsa (ca); es la más antigua y tiene muchas palabras tomadas de las
lenguas neolatinas.
la kaikava (kajkavski) usa kay (kaj); utilizada especialmente en el área norte de Croacia: Zagreb.
la stokava (štokavski) usa shto (što) o shta (šta), actualmente la más difundida y la más parecida al serbio.

La variante chacava del serbocroata, la cual es la hablada en la región de Dalmacia, especialmente en la capital
regional, Split, la antigua "Spalato"; tiene más del 59,4% de palabras tomadas de lenguas neolatinas, y es el
núcleo del actual idioma croata, derivado del serbocroata pero ya denominado como idioma propio por algunos
académicos locales.11 ​

Mapa moderno de los dialectos en

Distribución de los dialectos serbocroatas antes Croacia y áreas de mayoría croata en
de las migraciones del siglo xvi. Bosnia y Hercegovina.

Oficialidad
El serbocroata, bajo distintas denominaciones, es un idioma oficial o cooficial en los siguientes países:

Nombre Capital Bandera Escudo Localización

Bosnia y
Sarajevo
Herzegovina

Croacia(2) Zagreb

Montenegro(4) Podgorica

Serbia(5) Belgrado

Kosovo y Priština
Metojia(5a) Novi
Voivodina(5b) Sad

Escritura

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Además de las variantes mencionadas, existen las variantes diferenciadas por el alfabeto, ya que antiguamente
se empleó el alfabeto glagolítico, que se sustituyó luego en el uso por el alfabeto latino en el oeste
(principalmente usado en el croata y esloveno) y por el llamado cirílico (usado por los idiomas serbio,
macedonio y el montenegrino) en el este.
Véase también
Diferencias entre las variantes estándar de serbocroata
Variante bosnia
Variante croata
Variante montenegrina
Variante serbia
Área lingüística balcánica
Acuerdo Literario de Viena
Referencias
1. Kafadar, Enisa (2009). «Bosnisch, Kroatisch,
Serbisch – Wie spricht man eigentlich in Bosnien-
Herzegowina?» [Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian – How
do people really speak in Bosnia-Herzegovina?] (htt
p://books.google.hr/books?id=63hKaFGtTDAC&pg
=PA95&lpg=false#v=onepage&q&f=false). En
Henn-Memmesheimer, Beate; Franz, Joachim, eds.
Die Ordnung des Standard und die Differenzierung
der Diskurse; Teil 1 (en alemán). Fráncfort del
Meno: Peter Lang. p. 103. OCLC 699514676 (https://ww
w.worldcat.org/oclc/699514676). Consultado el 21 de
noviembre de 2014.
2. Pohl, Hans-Dieter (1996). «Serbokroatisch –
Rückblick und Ausblick» [Serbo-Croatian – Looking
backward and forward]. En Ohnheiser, Ingeborg,
ed. Wechselbeziehungen zwischen slawischen
Sprachen, Literaturen und Kulturen in
Vergangenheit und Gegenwart : Akten der Tagung
aus Anlaß des 25jährigen Bestehens des Instituts
für Slawistik an der Universität Innsbruck,
Innsbruck, 25. – 27. Mai 1995. Innsbrucker
Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft, Slavica
aenipontana ; vol. 4 (en alemán). Innsbruck: Non
Lieu. pp. 205-219. OCLC 243829127 (https://www.worldca
t.org/oclc/243829127).
3. Kordić, Snježana (2014). Lengua y Nacionalismo (h
ttps://web.archive.org/web/20140407060636/http://
www.euphoniaediciones.com/plataforma/libros/leng
ua-y-nacionalismo-17-89-1-2-1-). Traducido por
Juan Cristóbal Díaz Beltrán. Madrid: Euphonía
Ediciones (http://www.euphoniaediciones.com/prod
uctos/lengua-y-nacionalismo/35). p. 416. ISBN 978-
84-936668-8-0. OL 16814702W (http://openlibrary.org/works/
OL16814702W). Archivado desde el original (http://w
ww.euphoniaediciones.com/plataforma/libros/lengu
a-y-nacionalismo-17-89-1-2-1-) el 7 de abril de
2014. Consultado el 13 de agosto de 2015.
4. Blum, Daniel (2002). Sprache und Politik:
Sprachpolitik und Sprachnationalismus in der
Republik Indien und dem sozialistischen
Jugoslawien (1945-1991) [Language and Policy:
Language Policy and Linguistic Nationalism in the
Republic of India and the Socialist Yugoslavia
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbocroata
(1945-1991)]. Beiträge zur Südasienforschung ; vol.
192 (en alemán). Wurzburgo: Ergon. p. 8. ISBN 3-
89913-253-X. OCLC 51961066 (https://www.worldcat.org/ocl
c/51961066).
5. Bunčić, Daniel (2008). «Die (Re-)Nationalisierung
der serbokroatischen Standards» [The
(Re-)Nationalisation of Serbo-Croatian Standards].
En Kempgen, Sebastian, ed. Deutsche Beiträge
zum 14. Internationalen Slavistenkongress, Ohrid,
2008. Welt der Slaven (en alemán). Múnich: Otto
Sagner. p. 93. OCLC 238795822 (https://www.worldcat.or
g/oclc/238795822).
6. Kristophson, Jürgen (2000). «Vom Widersinn der
Dialektologie: Gedanken zum Štokavischen»
[Nonsence of Dialectology: Thoughts on
Shtokavian]. Zeitschrift für Balkanologie (http://ww
w.zeitschrift-fuer-balkanologie.de/index.php/zfb/ind
ex) (en alemán) (Wiesbaden) 36 (2): 185. ISSN 0044-
2356 (https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0044-2356).
7. Gröschel, Bernhard (2009). Das Serbokroatische
zwischen Linguistik und Politik: mit einer
Bibliographie zum postjugoslavischen
Sprachenstreit [Serbo-Croatian Between Linguistics
and Politics: With a Bibliography of the Post-
Yugoslav Language Dispute]. Lincom Studies in
Slavic Linguistics ; vol 34 (en alemán). Múnich:
Lincom Europa. pp. 97, 148. ISBN 978-3-929075-79-3.
OCLC 428012015 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/428012015).
OL 15295665W (http://openlibrary.org/works/OL15295665W).
8. Thomas, Paul-Louis (2003). «Le serbo-croate
(bosniaque, croate, monténégrin, serbe): de l'étude
d'une langue à l'identité des langues» [Serbo-
Croatian (Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin,
Serbian): from the study of a language to the
identity of languages] (http://www.persee.fr/web/rev
ues/home/prescript/article/slave_0080-2557_2002_
num_74_2_6801) . Revue des études slaves (htt
p://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/revu
e/slave) (in French) (Paris) 74 (2-3): 314. ISSN 0080-
2557 (https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0080-2557) .
Retrieved May 12, 2015 .
9. Methadžović, Almir (April 10, 2015).
«Naučnoznanstvena-znanstvenonaučna istina»
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[Scientific truth] (https://www.webcitation.org/6XgS January 2, 2014 . «In linguistics: Modulation of the
UmOMA?url=http://tacno.net/novosti/naucnoznanst voice in the sequence of speech sounds that can
vena-znanstvenonaucna-istina/) (in Serbo- reflect differences in meaning, intention, emotion
Croatian) . Mostar: Tačno.net . Archived from the and origin of the speaker, and that, in some
original (http://tacno.net/novosti/naucnoznanstvena- languages, can be significant. »
znanstvenonaucna-istina/) on April 10, 2015 . 11. Influences of Romance languages ​on the Croatian
Retrieved September 16, 2015 . dialect of Dalmatia (http://webcache.googleusercon
10. Royal Spanish Academy . «Intonation» (http://busc tent.com/search?q=cache:P5-FpZE57E4J:hrcak.src
on.rae.es/drae/srv/search?id=EWXNsRojKDXX2ou e.hr/file/53633+influenze+romanze+nel+dialetto+ci
pfDq9) . Usual Dictionary . Madrid . Retrieved acavo&hl=it&gl=it)

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