Fivi SW43S

Corporate Engineering Standard
Standard Engineering Specification: SW43S
Materials Network
SW43S
Reinforced Thermoset Plastic (RTP) Materials
Table of Contents
1. Scope....................................................................... 2 6.3 Shear strength .................................... 11
6.4 Tensile modulus values ...................... 11
2. Applicable documents........................................... 2
6.5 Test specimen preparation ................. 12
2.1 ASTM Standards............................................. 2
6.6 Testing of samples.............................. 12
2.2 Corporate Specifications.................................. 2
6.7 Test reporting...................................... 13
2.1 Resin manufacturers........................................ 3
6.8 Acetone test........................................ 13
2.4 Severe chemical service and
requirements .................................................. 3 7. Workmanship and finish ......................... 13
3. Laminate structure................................................. 7 List of Tables
3.1 Type 1 .............................................................. 7 Table 1. Severe chemical services and
3.2 Type 2 .............................................................. 7 requirements .................................... 3
3.3 Type 3 .............................................................. 7
Table 2. RTP vessel design and fabrication
3.4 Other constructions .......................................... 7
table ............................................ 6
4. Materials.................................................................. 7
Table 3. Schedules for post-cure at
4.1 Resin matrix system......................................... 7
elevated temperature ....................... 8
4.2 Fiber reinforcement .......................................... 7
4.3 Resin cure systems.......................................... 8 Table 4. Standard laminate composition
Type 1 ............................................ 14
5. Laminate manufacture ............................................ 9
5.1 Hand lay-up...................................................... 9 Table 5. Standard laminate composition
5.2 Filament winding (structural)............................ 9 Type 2 ............................................ 15
5.3 Pigmented gel coat/ veil to prevent Table 6. Resins ............................................ 16
fiber bloom.................................................... 10 Table 7. Standard laminate minimum
5.4 Fire retardancy ............................................... 10 properties, Type 1—all
5.5 Edges ............................................................. 11 a,b,c,d
thicknesses ............................. 18
5.6 Secondary fabrication .................................... 11
5.7 Completion ..................................................... 11 Table 8. Standard laminate minimum
a
6. Properties and testing ......................................... 11 properties Type 2 ........................... 19
6.1 Types 1 and 2 ................................................ 11 Table 9. Allowable defects ............................. 20
6.2 Type 3 ............................................................ 11
Red text indicates revisions made in the May 2004 issue.
Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

Contact Valerie.S.Lamison@usa.dupont.com by e-mail for more information.
This document may be used and reproduced for DuPont business only.
Copyright © 2001, 2003, 2004 E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. All Rights Reserved. (Unpublished)(Engineering) Page 1 of 20
SW43S
 Reinforced Thermoset Plastic (RTP) Materials
1. Scope
This specification provides information relative to materials, properties, testing, and fabrication
procedures to be used by designers and manufacturers of reinforced thermoplastic (RTP) tanks,
equipment, and piping. It is to be used for laminates fabricated by contact molding (hand lay-up)
or by filament winding.
Thermoplastic materials for linings in FRP constructions are covered in Specification SW13S and
ASME RTP-1, Appendix M12.
Material specifications for fabrication by filament winding are contained in Specification SW14S,
Reinforced Plastics, Filament-Wound Tanks. This specification is to be used with other Corporate
specifications for purchase of tanks, equipment, and piping.
The Polymers, Elastomers, and Composites Technology (PECT) group is responsible for
maintaining this specification.
2. Applicable documents
2.1 ASTM Standards
C 581 Test Method for Chemical Resistance of Thermosetting Resins Used in
Glass Fiber-Reinforced Structures
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Plastics and Electrical Insulating
Materials
D 883 Definitions of Terms Relating to Plastics
D 2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by Means of a Barcol
Impressor
D 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
E 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
2.2 Corporate Specifications (web links to referenced standards are available from this section)
SW10S Hand Lay-Up Reinforced Thermoset Plastic (RTP) Ducts and Hoods
SW13S Thermoplastic-Lined Reinforced Thermoset Plastic (RTP) Equipment
SW14S Reinforced Thermoset Plastic (RTP) Tanks and Equipment
SW16S Hardness Testing, Elastomers and Plastics
SW26S Reinforced Thermoset Plastic, Inspection Procedure
SW31S Hand Lay-Up Reinforced Plastic (RTP) Stacks
SW33S Reinforced Plastics, Qualification of Fabricators
SW39S Reinforced Plastics, Fiberglass Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Piping
SW46S Qualification of Vendors for Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic (RTP) Field
Repairs or Modifications

Copyright © 2001, 2003, 2004 E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. All Rights Reserved. Used under Copyright License. Page 2 of 20
SW43S
2.1 Resin manufacturers
Trade Name Manufacturer
Atlac Reichhold
Derakane Dow Chemical Company
Dion Cor-Res Reichhold
Dion Ver Reichhold
Hetron Ashland Chemical Company
CoReszyn Interplastic Corporation
QUA-COR Penn Specialty Chemicals Inc.
2.4 Severe chemical service and requirements
Table 1. Severe chemical services and requirements
1 15 2
Service Conc. Pressure Temp. °F Liner Resins Cure Post Comments
% PSI Cure
6
°F/hrs
General 180<T<200 For each 10°F
above 180°F, a
reduction of
5% in
allowable
stress must be
made.
3
Chlorine Wet 2<P<5 <140 PVC Code N Standard A detailed
drying 2<P<5 <140>T<170 4 Code N Standard fabrication
systems CPVC specification is
e.g., in 2<P<5 >170 See Code E, 0 BPO/DMA 200/6 required.
sulfuric acid Materials
towers. Specialist
Wet <2 <200 2V 4M- Code E, 0 BPO/DMA 200/6
5
Synthetic V
Chlorine <2 <170 2V 4M- Code N, U BPO/DMA 200/6
5
scrubbing Synthetic V
systems with
7
caustic
Hypochlorite 16% <110 2V 4M- Code N, U BPO/DMA 200/6 Only stabilized
5
storage max Synthetic V hypochlorite
8
>10,000 gal may be stored
as for waste
water
treatment
SO2 / SO3 <5 <150 2V, 4M Code N, O Standard A detailed
Scrubbing <5 >150 PVDF or Code N, O Standard fabrication
systems with Tefzel specification is
50% H2SO4 required.
For notes see page 5

SW43S
Table 1. Severe chemical services and requirements (cont.)

1 15 2
Service Conc. Pressure Temp. °F Liner Resins Cure Post Comments
% PSI Cure
6
°F/hrs
3
Chromate / <25 ATM <140 PVC Code E Standard A detailed
9
Sulfuric plating Std. <140>T<170 4 fabrication
CPVC specification
is required.
HF / Fluoride <10 <120 2V, 4M- Code N, Standard 180/6 Contact

5
salts Synthetic Veil O, E PECT group
member
120>T<180 2V, 4M, Standard 180/6
10
Carbon Veil
Ammonia salts <60 <110 2V, 4M Code N, O Standard
e.g., chloride,
thiosulfate
Caustic e.g., >5 All 2V, 4M Code N Standard 200/6
5
sodium, Synthetic Veil
potassium
hydroxides
Hydrochloric ≤32 ≤150 2V, 4M Code E Standard 180/6 Liner spray-
11
acid ≤32 150>T<180 Polypropylene Code N, O Standard 180/6 up not
permitted
>32 <120 2V 4M Code E Standard 180/6 without
>32 120<T<210 PVDF or Code N, O Standard 180/6 Corporate
Tefzel approval
Organic All All Standard, 1V Code S Standard Staged Detail
12
compounds 2M fabrication
specification
is required.
Water, steam, >120 2V, 4M Code N, Standard 200/6 Laminates
5
condensate Synthetic Veil O, E must be
orthogonally
Ultra pure All 2V, 4M or Code N, BPO/DMA 200/6
balanced
Tefzel O, E 13
5 FDA with design
Synthetic Veil factor of
12.5.
Contact
PECT group
member.
Abrasive slurry, All 2V, 4M using Code N, O Standard Contact
e.g., TiO2 resin filled with PECT group
30 wt% SiC or member
14
AL2O3
High velocity gas <5 All 2V, 4M Code U Standard 180/6 Contact
streams or gas (may need PECT group
streams with conductive member
flammables liner)
e.g., co-organics
For notes see page 5

SW43S
Notes for Table 1 - Severe chemical services and requirements

1. The temperatures noted refer to the inner wall temperature of uninsulated equipment. For design of insulated
equipment for use above 180°F a design specialist in the PECT group should be consulted.
2. The resins designated have been used successfully in Corporate applications. Other resins may serve equally
as well and, when offered by an equipment fabricator at a lower cost, must be approved by a Plastics,
Elastomers and Composites Technology (PECT) group member. See Resin Codes per Table 6.
Resin codes (not all inclusive) are identified as follows:
B. Hetron 197-3 Ashland Chemicals
N. Derakane 411-350, 411-45 Dow Chemical Co.
Hetron 922 Ashland Chemicals
O. Derakane 441-400 Dow Chemical Co.
E. Derakane 470-300 Dow Chemical Co.
Hetron 970-35 Ashland Chemicals
S. Qua-Corr 1001/2001 Penn Specialty Chemicals, Inc.
U. Derakane 510C - 350 + 3% Sb2O3 Dow Chemical Co.
Hetron 992 FR + 3% Sb2O3 Ashland Chemicals
3. PVC sheet material, used as the interior liner, thickness should be in the range of 1/8” to 3/16” and meet
the physical and chemical properties of ASTM D1784, cell classification 12454B.
4. CPVC sheet material, used as the interior liner, thickness should be in the range of 1/8” to 3/16” and meet
the physical and chemical properties of ASTM D1784, cell classification 23447B.
5. Synthetic veil (V) material used in the inner surface liner shall be Double Nexus Polyester type, Style 100-
10 or 111-10. Other synthetic veils are available; there use must be approved by a PECT Group
member.
6. Post cure must be monitored with thermocouples in sufficient numbers and locations to assure uniform
temperature throughout the equipment.
7. Caustic concentration of scrubbing liquids must be monitored to assure that the pH does not fall below
11. Good mixing is essential so that the above requirement is met at the point of contact.
8. Storage of hypochlorite stabilized at 16% in quantities up to 10,000 gallons is most economically done in
tanks rotomolded from cross-linkable polyethylene. Contact a PECT group member for a specification.
9. Plating vessels are often rectangular in shape. Design of such vessels requires the services of a FRP
design specialist. Contact a PECT group member for assistance.
10. Carbon veil (V) is required for equipment handling hydrofluoric acid or fluoride salts at temperatures
above 120°F. A detailed specification must be prepared by a PECT group member.
11. Hydrochloric acid sources must be checked for the presence of organic contamination. Such acids
require specialized materials of construction for handling. A PECT group member must be consulted.
12. When acidic organic materials such as chloroform, methyl chloroform and other chlorocarbons, esters or
ethers are to be handled a PECT group member must prepare a detailed specification. Flammability of
these liquids must be given consideration.
13. A hot water soak (200°F) for up to 24 hours may be required to remove extractables from the surfaces.
14. The inner surface areas requiring the abrasion resistance generally includes the bottom and the side
walls extending several feet above the agitator. In other cases the areas of impingement are all that
needs to be protected.
15. The corrosion liner shall be excluded from the design as a contributor to the structural wall strength.

SW43S
Table 2. RTP vessel design and fabrication table
Configurations and Design Pressure, P (At Top of Vessel)

Conditions
P≤2 2<P≤5 5<P≤15 P>15
(Contact Corporate
PECT group
consultant)
Vertical Atmospheric SW14S SW14S
Tanks & Low Pressure SW14S SW14S
Vessels
Intermediate SG102S/RTP-1* SG102S/SectionX*
Pressure AE Test Not Required Acoustic Emission
Moderate Test
Service
Hazardous, Severe or PSM SW14S SG102S/RTP-1* SG102S/Section X*
Critical Service Acoustic Emission Test Acoustic Emission
(See Severe Chemical Test
Service Selection Table)
Complex Vessels
Conical Heads/Bottoms SW14S SG102S/RTP-1* SG102S/Section X*
Agitated Tanks Acoustic Emission Acoustic Emission
Test Test
Horizontal Tanks
Dual Laminate Equipment SW13S/SW14S SW13S/SG102S/RTP-1* SW13S/SG102S/
(Thermoplastic Lined) Section X*
Field Fabricated or SG102S/RTP-1* Not Allowed

Assembled Equipment
Furan Equipment
Non Circular Equipment
Stacks, Ducts and Hoods Contact Corporate PECT group consultant
(See Note 6)
Tall Equipment (L/D>2)
Seismic Zone >1
*ASME RTP or RP Stamp Required
Notes:
1. SG102S is The Company’s overlay specification to PIP VESFG001.
2. Use SG4.1A datasheet for SW14S equipment and the UBRS for RTP-1 & Section X Equipment.
3. Use SW43S for resin and reinforcement selection in conjunction with all design and fabrication standards.
4. Use SW26S for inspection criteria only when using SW14S. RTP-1 and Section X include inspection
criteria.
5. Use SW34S for installation of flat bottom tanks.
6. Use SW10S for design and fabrication of hoods and ducts and SW31S for design and fabrication of
stacks.

SW43S
3. Laminate structure
3.1 Type 1
This designation refers to laminates made solely from chopped-strand mat and surface veil
in accordance with Table 4.
3.2 Type 2
This designation refers to laminates made by combining chopped-strand mat, woven
roving, and surface veil in accordance with Table 5. Pre-bonded, mat-woven roving
combinations are not permitted in construction of Type 2 laminates.
3.3 Type 3
This designation refers to laminates made by winding continuous glass rovings (single end)
onto a rotating mandrel.
3.4 Other constructions
Additional laminate reinforcement types when specified in purchase orders shall be limited
in their placement as indicated on the approved drawings.
4. Materials
4.1 Resin matrix system
The resin to be used shall be selected from Table 6 and be suitable for the method of
fabrication and the specified chemical service. Suitability for the method of fabrication shall
be established by the resin manufacturer. Suitability of the resin for the specified chemical
service shall be determined either by tests or by verified case history. Tests, where required,
shall be in accordance with ASTM C 581 or single-side exposure procedures. Standard
samples shall be evaluated visually and by determining retention of flexural strength
following exposure of 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.
To qualify the resin as being suitable, the measured properties, when plotted against time,
shall approach a constant value. In addition, the constant value approached shall not be
less than 40 percent of the initial value of the unexposed material.
Additions of diluents, fillers, air-release agents or other materials to the resins of Table 6
shall be made only with the prior approval of The Company. It is the responsibility of the
fabricator to maintain a record of the procedures used to ensure resin quality. As a
minimum, resin lot numbers and manufactured dates traceable to the resin manufacturer’s
quality assurance analysis shall be maintained, along with specific gravity (optional),
viscosity (optional), peak exotherm temperature (optional), and gel-time measurements for
all resins used. Resins that fall outside the published values supplied by the resin
manufacturer shall not be used.
4.2 Fiber reinforcement
Surfacing mat (veil) shall be Type C glass fiber, 10 mils thick, with a silane-type finish and a
binder compatible with the lay-up resin. When non-glass veil is specified for the laminate
surface exposed to the chemical environment, the C glass shall be omitted.

SW43S
Chopped strand mat shall be Type E or ECR glass fiber, 3/4 oz//ft2 or 1-1/2 oz/ft2, with a
silane finish and a styrene–soluble binder compatible with the resin.
Woven roving shall be Type E glass, 24 oz/yd2, 5 × 4 square weave fabric having a silane-
type finish compatible with the resin.
Continuous roving strand used in chopper guns for spray-up application shall be Type E
glass with a silane-type finish compatible with the resin.
Continuous roving shall be single end and suitably finished to be compatible with the resin to
be used. Roving yield (yards per pound shall be in the range of 250 to 450, or as specified
on the drawing).
Other glass reinforcements, such as uniaxial and biaxial-knitted fabrics when specified, shall
consist of Type E glass strands with a fabric weight of 9 to 12 oz per square yard. They shall
be finished to be compatible with the resin to be used.
Other glass reinforcements shall not be used without the prior approval of The Company.
Fabricators are responsible for maintaining a record of the procedures used to ensure the
quality of the glass reinforcements used. Any reinforcement with significant deviation in the
basis weight from that specified shall not be used.
4.3 Resin cure systems
The cure system to be used shall be as recommended by the resin manufacturer for the
conditions prevailing at the time of laminate fabrication.
However, regardless of resin manufacturers’ recommendation, all hypochlorite and
hydrogen peroxide solution storage tanks, as well as, chlorine-caustic scrubbers shall have
a benzoyl peroxide (BPO)/N, N-dimethylaniline (DMA) or BPO/N, N-diethylaniline
(DEA) catalyst system in the corrosion resistant barrier.
BPO/DMA or DEA catalyst systems used for hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and chlorine-
caustic solutions require a period of post cure at elevated temperatures. Corrosion barriers
for alkaline solutions, such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, require a
post cure, also.
Suitable minimum post cure schedules are found in Table 3.
Table 3. Schedules for post-cure at elevated temperature
Part Temperature
(°C) (°F) Time (hours)
93 min 200 min 2-4
82 min 180 min 4-8
71 min 160 min 16-20
The post cure temperature is the temperature of the laminate and shall be monitored with
sufficient thermocouples attached to ensure even heating. Post-cure in all systems when
specified shall be accomplished by means of clean, dry heat, such as electric heaters or

SW43S
salamanders using propane or butane fuel. In no case shall steam or kerosene-fired heaters
be used. An oven post-cure is preferred.
Cure of furan resins depends upon the part thickness and must be staged, first at ambient
temperature and a final cure at a temperature 22 to 33°C (40 to 60°F) above the
intermediate temperature. The temperature between stages must be raised in a controlled
manner. Cure details must be approved by a member of the PECT group.
5. Laminate manufacture
5.1 Hand lay-up
On a mold or mandrel properly prepared with a parting agent, apply the catalyzed resin and
the specified surface veil. When a release film is used it must be applied and maintained in
position with care so as to preclude formation of wrinkles. De-aerate and wet-out by rolling.
Mohair rollers are not permitted for this operation. Spray application of resin and chopped
roving requires prior approval of The Company. A reference panel representative of the
process must be submitted prior to approval.
Apply chopped-strand mat and resin in 2 plies of 1-1/2-oz mat. Alternately, multiple passes
of chopped roving (minimum fiber length 1/2 in.) and resin may be applied by the spray-up
process to achieve a buildup of 3 oz/ft2 of reinforcement. Each pass of chopped roving or ply
of chopped strand mat shall be thoroughly rolled out individually. This completes the liner
portion of the standard laminate.
In highly corrosive services, such as concentrated hydrochloric acid or caustic/hypochlorite,
the liner thickness specified in the purchase order will be increased over the standard. In
this case, each component of the liner is laid up in its normal sequence (a specified number
of veils, followed by a specified number of mats).
Allow the completed liner to gel.
Continue lay-up with the sequence and type of reinforcement plies tabulated for the
specified laminate. Roll each ply for thorough wet-out, de-aeration, and bonding to the
previous ply.
Interruption of laminate for exotherm must follow the instructions noted in Tables 4 and 5 for
the particular laminate type. Fabrication temperatures above 29°C (85°F) may require
adjustment of the exotherm schedule.
5.2 Filament winding (structural)

On a mandrel properly prepared with a parting agent or release film held firmly against the
mandrel to prevent wrinkles, apply the specified surface veil, chopped-strand mats and
catalyzed resin according to Section 5.1.
Following gellation and exotherm of the surface layers, apply a “bedding” layer of chopped
roving at a rate of 1/2 to 3/4 oz/ft2. A “bedding” layer of 3/4 or 1 1/2 oz/ft2 of chopped strand
mat may be used in place of chopped roving.
Wind the resin-wetted continuous rovings to the rotating mandrel with control of the winding
tension, band width, placement, and winding angle. The surface speed of the laminate build-
up and traversing speed of the roving shall be maintained in the correct ratio throughout the
process to ensure constant angle of glass orientation.
SW43S
Additional axial glass reinforcement shall be applied to provide a minimum axial tensile
strength in the fully cured laminate of 9,000 psi. When multiple layers of glass are placed in
the axial orientation, the placement shall produce symmetry about the
mid-plane of the laminate thickness. A layer of chopped strand glass 0.020 inches thick
shall be applied after each layer of axial glass reinforcement.
The thickness and weight of glass per square foot of each layer within the laminate shall be
recorded.
At appropriate intervals, the process of build-up shall be interrupted to allow the laminate to
exotherm without excessive temperature rise (greater than 60°C [140°F]).
The outer surface of the fabricated laminate shall be relatively smooth and free of exposed
glass fibers. The final ply shall be mat or spray-up. Polyester or vinyl ester surface resins
must contain paraffin to ensure surface cure.
5.3 Pigmented gel coat/ veil to prevent fiber bloom

A. Pigmented Gel Coat: When specified, a pigmented resin gel coat with UV inhibitor shall
be applied to the exterior surface. The fabricator must receive approval from The Company
to prepare the surface and apply the pigmented gel coat prior to equipment inspections.
The exterior surface shall be sanded lightly to remove the surface gloss in order to achieve
sufficient gel coat to surface adhesion. A spectrum of colors is available pre-dispersed in
compatible resin systems for this purpose. Suitable sources for standard and customized
colors include the following suppliers:
American Color, Inc.
King of Prussia, PA 19406
Ferro Corporation (formerly Pigment Dispersions, Inc.)
Edison, New Jersey 08818
PlastiColors, Inc.
Ashtabula, Ohio 44004
Light colors are recommended to reduce surface temperatures. Furan resin laminates may
be painted with water-based acrylic paints following complete cure. Special surface
preparation is not generally needed to achieve satisfactory adhesion. However, a small test
area should be made.
B. Veil to Prevent Fiber Bloom: In order to prevent fiber bloom on equipment that has no
pigmented gel coat, an apertured synthetic veil shall be applied to the exterior surface with
the final resin coat. The veil shall be applied even though an UV inhibitor is present in the
resin. UV inhibitors lose their effectiveness over time.
5.4 Fire retardancy

When fire retardancy is specified, the last two layers of glass reinforcement (and veil, if
specified) for the exterior surface shall contain the specified fire retardant resin (Type U) and
antimony oxide synergist from Table 6. If construction is other than Type 1 or 2, contact a
PECT consultant for recommendation. Colloidal antimony pentoxide, available dispersed in
liquid polyester and vinyl ester, shall be used when laminate clarity for thorough visual
inspection is required. A suitable source is Nyacol Products, Inc., Ashland, MA 01721.

SW43S
5.5 Edges
All edges of sheet reinforcement material shall be overlapped 1 in. minimum for chopped-
strand mat and 2 in. minimum for woven roving. Lapped edges of adjacent layers shall be
staggered. Alternate overlap dimensions as produced in tape wrapping of small-diameter
cylinders shall be used only with Company approval.
5.6 Secondary fabrication

All cut edges that are exposed to the chemical environment shall be sealed using surface
veil and a resin hot wax coat. Structural joints shall be sealed with a laminate of the same
construction as that used in the specified liner. The veil plies shall be applied last. The final
coating resin shall contain paraffin to ensure complete surface cure.
Resin putty made by adding a filler, such as silica or synthetic fibers, to the resin is permitted
to provide smooth surface contours for overlays of joined components. The use of putty
shall be minimized. See FRP construction standards for the maximum gaps to be filled with
putty.
5.7 Completion
Upon completion, the structure shall be free of all parting films, grinding dust, and any other
foreign material to allow for inspection.
6. Properties and testing

6.1 Types 1 and 2
The requirements for Type 1 and Type 2 laminates are given in Tables 7 and 8,
respectively. The Barcol hardness of all laminates (hand lay-up and filament wound) shall be
at least 90% of the resin–casting values given in Table 6. The Barcol hardness values of
laminates containing synthetic surface veil will be 3 to 5 points less than those specified in
Table 6. Values measured above 21°C (70°F) will also be lower. Water cooling of the
surface may be required to obtain specified values. A light sanding of the surface may be
required to remove the paraffin wax layer.
6.2 Type 3
The strength requirements of Type 3 are that all strains, hoop and axial, at every point in the
structure, at the design load, shall not exceed 0.1%. When verification of this requirement is
specified in the purchase order, strain gauges shall be attached to the finished vessel in
hoop and axial directions and strain recorded during a hydro test. Strains due to thermal
effects require compensation.
6.3 Shear strength

The minimum value for shear strength of secondary overlays on any laminate shall be
2,000 psi.
6.4 Tensile modulus values

Tensile modulus values of filament-wound laminates shall be calculated based on the glass
content, orientation, and thickness of each layer in the laminate with respect to the total
laminate thickness. Values shall be tabulated for both the hoop and axial directions. All

SW43S
strength values may be used for designing equipment intended for use up to 82°C (180°F).
Appropriate values above this temperature shall be obtained from a materials engineer with
expertise in FRP properties.
6.5 Test specimen preparation

Specimens for mechanical property tests are required only when specified in the purchase
order. Such specimens shall be taken from the specified cutouts and tested in accordance
with Section 6.6 and results reported according to Section 6.7.
Test specimens shall be the full thickness of the laminate as produced. They shall not be
machined on the surface unless specified.
Test specimens shall be marked to identify The Company equipment number and sample
location so that results may be identified with the specific production piece sampled.
Specimens prepared from cylinder cutouts shall be cut in the axial direction of the cylinder to
minimize specimen curvature. The grip ends of specimens shall be built-up with a filled
epoxy adhesive and then suitably smoothed to provide parallel faces. Orientation of woven
roving plies shall be noted.
Specimens prepared from flat laminates shall have their long axis parallel to warp of the
woven roving. The fabricator shall indicate the warp direction on the laminate.
Tensile test specimens shall be Type 1 or Type 3, depending upon thickness, according to
Figure 1 of ASTM D 638. For specimens thicker than 0.55 in., increase the width of the
reduced section to 1 in. Increase grip width proportionately.
Flexural test specimens shall be in accordance with Table 1 of ASTM D 790. For
thicknesses greater than 0.22 in., interpolate to the nearest 0.062 in. to determine specimen
dimensions and support span.
6.6 Testing of samples

Testing the specimens in Section 6.5 shall be to the vendor’s account only if specified in the
purchase order. Cost for testing shall be quoted as a separate item.
Tensile and flexural properties, hardness, and glass content and orientation of any woven
roving plies shall be determined, using the specimens of Section 6.5, by a qualified testing
laboratory using ASTM test methods.
Mechanical property tests shall be conducted only on specimens cured to the required
hardness.
Hardness tests shall be made on the “liner” surface using the Barcol impressor, Model GYZJ
934-1, calibrated at two points in accordance with ASTM D 2583.
Where low readings are encountered, recheck on the following basis: Take twelve readings,
and calculate the average value after discarding the lowest and the highest readings.
Barcol hardness of laminates made with Atlac 4010 or other flexibilized resin drops off
markedly at temperatures above 24°C (75°F). For detailed information, see Specification
SW26S, Reinforced Thermoset Plastic, Inspection Procedure.

SW43S
In hot weather or sunshine, if readings are in doubt, these laminates should be cooled with
water to about 24°C (75°F) before checking the hardness. In difficult-to-reach areas or areas
in which the ability to take a reliable reading is questionable, an acetone test as described in
Section 6.8 should be used. Acetone tests may also be used as a back-up to Barcol tests, if
required.
Tensile properties shall be determined on specimens in triplicate according to ASTM D 638,
speed B (0.20 in. per minute). A load-extension plot shall be made and chart speed
recorded.
Flexural properties shall be determined on triplicate specimens according to ASTM D 790-
71, method I, procedure A, and Table 1. A load-deflection plot shall be made and chart
speed recorded.
Test specimens are to be cut with long dimension parallel to the warp rovings.
Tests on axial specimens cut from cylindrical sections may give unacceptably low results if
woven roving has been applied in a helical or bias pattern as opposed to “square” lay-up
with roving warp in hoop plane and fill woof in axial alignment. Under these circumstances,
consult with an RTP materials specialist in Engineering.
All flexural tests shall be made with the “liner” face of the laminate in compression
(under the loading nose).
Glass content, layer thickness, and glass-strand orientation shall be determined on three
specimens according to ASTM D 2584. Specimens from filament-wound laminates shall be
1 in. wide by 4 in. long. The long dimension shall be cut parallel to the axial direction of the
vessel and away from any turn-around effects.
6.7 Test reporting

Test results shall be sent in duplicate to the Company office originating the purchase order.
The report shall include all pertinent details required by the “report” section of the applicable
ASTM test method. Load-elongation and load-deflection plots shall be included.
6.8 Acetone test

Remove mold release, wax, or air-inhibited resin from a small area, using 200 grit wet/dry
abrasive paper. Wipe clean of dust. Apply a few drops of acetone in the cleaned area, and
rub lightly with a clean rag or cheesecloth. If the resin becomes tacky, it is undercured. If the
resin does not reach full Barcol hardness or remains uncured following the application of
approved heating schedule, the material shall be rejected.
7. Workmanship and finish
The finished laminate shall meet the requirements for quality as defined in Table 9. The surface
exposed to the chemical environment (process side) shall be smooth, resin-rich, and fully cured.

SW43S
Table 4. Standard laminate composition Type 1

b
Structural plies
Thickness, Number and sequence of plies
a Liner
nominal (in.) Drafting
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 symbols
0.13 V M M M V, 3M
0.18 V M M M M V, 4M
0.23 V M M M M M V, 5M
0.27 V M M M M M M V, 6M
0.31 V M M M M M M M V, 7M
0.35 V M M M M M M M M V, 8M
0.40 V M M M M M M M M M V, 9M
0.44 V M M M M M M M M M M V, 10M
0.48 V M M M M M M M M M M M V, 11M
0.53 V M M M M M M M M M M M M V, 12M
0.57 V M M M M M M M M M M M M M V, 13M
0.61 V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M V, 14M
0.66 V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M V, 15M
0.70 V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M V, 16M
0.74 V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M V, 17M
Notes:
a Nominal thickness is calculated as follows:
V = 10 mil veil = 0.010 in./ply
M = 1-1/2 oz/ft2 mat = 0.043 in./ply
b Liner shall gel before structural plies are added. Structural lay-up may be interrupted at intervals long
enough to exotherm in accordance with manufacturer’s procedure.

SW43S
Table 5. Standard laminate composition Type 2
Structural plies (Note 1)

Liner Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
Thickness Number and sequence of plies

nominal Drafting
symbols
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
0.22 V M M M R M V, 2M, MRM
0.29 V M M M R M R M V, 2M, 2(MR)M
0.37 V M M M R M R M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)M
0.41 V M M M R M R M R E M V, 2M, 3(MR)E, M
0.49 V M M M R M R M R E M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)E,

MRM
0.56 V M M M R M R M R E M R M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)E,

2(MR)M
0.63 V M M M R M R M R E M R M R M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)E,

3(MR)M
0.67 V M M M R M R M R E M R M R M R E M V, 2M, 3(MR)E,

3(MR)E, M
0.75 V M M M R M R M R E M R M R M R E M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)E,

3(MR)E, MRM
0.82 V M M M R M R M R E M R M R M R E M R M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)E,

3(MR)E, 2(MR)M
Notes:
1. Nominal thickness calculated as in Table 4:
V = 10 mil veil = 0.010 in./ply
M = 1-1/2 oz/ft2 mat = 0.043 in./ply
E = 1-1/2 oz/ft2 mat—exotherm ply. See Note 2.
R = 24 oz/yd2 5 X 4 woven roving = 0.033 in./ply
2. Liner shall gel and exotherm before structural plies are added. Structural lay-up may be interrupted long enough to
exotherm following “E” plies. If required by manufacturing procedure, location of “E” plies may be shifted within the
laminate body. No piles may be omitted.

SW43S
Table 6. Resins
Resin casting
HDT
Tensile (ASTM D 648) Hardness Barcol Laminate
properties (264 psi) (ASTM D 2583) fire test
(ASTM D 638)
Resin
casting Flame-spread class
Resin type trade name Ultimate Elong (Posted Laminate ASTM E-84
and code (psi) (%) °C °F Cured) minimum
Bisphenol types
Atlac 382-05 C 10,000 2.5 132 270 35 31 >100
Atlac 4010 D 9,900 4.0 96 205 32 28 >100
Dion Cor-Res 6694 Q 8,200 2.4 132 270 38 34 >100
Hetron 700 C 10,000 3.2 142 288 35 31 >100
Vinyl ester types

Atlac 580 N 13,100 4.2 115 240 38 34 >100
Derakane 411-45 N 11,800 5.5 99 210 35 31 >100
Derakane 411-350 N 12,500 5-6 105 220 35 31 >100
Derakane 441-400 O 13,000 5-6 118 245 35 31 >100
Derakane 470-300 E 12,400 3.5 155 310 40 36 >100
Derakane 8084 F 11,000 10.0 82 180 30 27 >100
Derakane 470-36 E 11,000 3.5 149 300 40 36 >100
Derakane 510C-350 + U 10,500 4.5 107 225 40 36 20
3% antimony trioxidea
Derakane 510A-40 + U 10,600 7.0 110 230 40 36 10
3% Sb2 O 3
Derakane 510N + 3% U 10,500 3-4 121 250 40 36 20
Sb2 O 3
Dion Ver 9100 N 11,600 5.2 104 220 35 31 >100
Dion Ver 9300 FR + 3% U 10,900 4.0 110 230 40 36 25
Sb2 O 3
Hetron 922 N 11,000 6.5 104 220 34 31 >100
Hetron 980 O 12,200 5.5 120 248 35 31 >100
Hetron 980-35 O 12,700 4.5 132 270 45 40 >100
Hetron 942-35 O 13,300 5.5 121 250 45 40 >100
(continued)

SW43S
Table 6. Resins (continued)
Resin casting
HDT
Tensile properties (ASTM D 648) Hardness Barcol Laminate
(ASTM D 638) (264 psi) (ASTM D 2583) fire test
Resin
casting Flame-spread class
Resin type trade name Ultimate Elong (Posted Laminate ASTM E-84
and code (psi) (%) °C °F Cured) minimum
Vinyl ester types cont.
Hetron 970-35 E 11,300 3.2 149 300 45 40 >100
Hetron 992 FR + 3% U 11,700 4.8 104 220 35 31 25
Sb2 O 3
Hetron 998 FR U 13,500 4.5 135 275 40 36 < 25
CoReszyn VE 8300 N 11,600 5.0 99 210 30-38 27-34 >100
CoReszyn VE 8710 O 11,000 3.5 115 240 40-48 36-43 >100
HET acid types

Hetron 92AT B 8,000 1.4 82 180 45 40 35
Hetron 92AT + 3% B 8,000 1.4 82 180 45 40 < 25
Sb2 O 3
Hetron 92 FR B 8,000 1.4 82 180 45 40 < 25
Hetron 197P + 5% B 5,500 1.4 140 284 40 36 30
Sb2 O 3
Hetron 197-3 + 5% B 5,500 1.4 140 284 40 36 30
Sb2 O 3
Furan types
Hetron 800 S 5,200 1.0 100 212 45 40 >100
QUA-COR 1001/2001 S 10,000(1) 1.0(1) >149 >300 45 40 70
a See Section 5.4.
(1) Resin Laminate
Resin manufacturers:
Atlac Reichhold
Derakane Dow Chemical Co
Dion Cor–Res Reichhold
Dion Ver Reichhold
Hetron Ashland Chemical Co
CoReszyn Interplastic Corp
QUA-COR Penn Specialty Chemicals Inc.

SW43S
a,b,c,d
Table 7. Standard laminate minimum properties, Type 1—all thicknesses
Property Unit Value, any thickness

Tensile strength—ult psi 9,000
Tensile modulus psi 1,000,000
Flexural strength—ult psi 16,000
Flexural modulus psi 700,000
Glass content wt % 20-30
Hardness—Barcol – 90% of resin casting
Notes:
a Barcol hardness shall be 90% (min) of cast resin hardness (ASTM D 2583). Post-cure may be required.
Actual thickness shall not be less than 90% of nominal.
b ASTM D 2584—tabulated values based upon resin with SP61.1.
c ASTM D 638 full thickness of laminate
d ASTM D 790 method 1, procedure A, Table 1 L/D = 16/1. Veil side shall be in compression.

SW43S
a
Table 8. Standard laminate minimum properties Type 2
b
Mechanical properties (psi min)
c d
Thickness (in) Report Only Tensile Flexural
Generally
b
Calculated Expected Glass
Nominal Content (wt %) Strength Modulus Strength Modulus
3 6 3 6
0.24 28-33 12.0 10 1.3 10 19.0 10 0.8 10
3 6 3 6
0.29 33-36 13.5 10 1.4 10 20.0 10 0.9 10
3 6 3 6
0.38 37-39 15.0 10 1.5 10 22.0 10 1.0 10
3 6 3 6
0.41 38-40 15.0 10 1.5 10 22.0 10 1.0 10
3 6 3 6
0.49 38-40 15.0 10 1.5 10 22.0 10 1.0 10
3 6 3 6
0.59 39-42 15.0 10 1.5 10 22.0 10 1.0 10
3 6 3 6
0.63 39-42 15.0 10 1.5 10 22.0 10 1.0 10
3 6 3 6
0.75 39-42 15.0 10 1.5 10 22.0 10 1.0 10
3 6 3 6
0.83 40-43 15.0 10 1.5 10 22.0 10 1.0 10
3 6 3 6
0.92 40-43 15.0 10 1.5 10 22.0 10 1.0 10
Notes:
a Barcol hardness shall be 90% (min) of cast resin hardness (ASTM D 2583). Post–cure may be required.
Actual thickness shall not be less than 90% of nominal.
b ASTM D 2584—tabulated values based upon resin with SP61.1.
c ASTM D 638 full thickness of laminate
d ASTM D 790 method 1, procedure A, Table 1 L/D = 16/1. Corrosion barrier shall be in compression.
e Test specimens are to be cut with long dimension parallel to the rovings’ warp direction.

SW43S
Table 9. Allowable defects
Surface inspected
Defect Process side Non-process side
Cracks None None
2
Crazing None Max length 1/2 in., max density 5/ft ,
(fine surface cracks) min 2 in. apart
Blisters (rounded elevations of the None Max 1/4 in. dia. 1/8 in. high,
2
laminate surface over bubbles) max 1/ft , min 2 in. apart
Wrinkles and solid blisters Max deviation, 20% of wall Max deviation, 20% of wall
thickness, but not exceeding 1/8 in. thickness, but not exceeding 1/8 in.
Pits (craters in the laminate Max dimensions, 1/8 in. dia. x 1/32 Max. dimensions, 1/8 in. dia.
a 2 2
surface) in. deep, max number 10/ft 1/16 in. deep, max density 10/ft
Surface porosity (pinholes or pores None None
in the laminate surface)
Chips None Max dimension of break, 1/4 in. and
thickness no greater than 20% of
2
wall thickness, max density 1/ft
2 2
Dry spot (nonwetted reinforcing) None Max dimension, 2 in. /ft
2 2
Entrapped air (bubbles or voids in 1/16 in. max dia., 5/in. max density, 1/8 in. max dia., 4/in. max density,
the laminate) but none to a depth of 1/32 in. 2
1/16 in. max dia., 10/in. max
density
Exposed glass None None
Burned areas None None
Exposure of cut edges None None
Scratches None Max length 1 in., max depth
0.010 in.
2
Foreign matter None 1/16 in. dia., max density 1/ft
a Pits are defects that do not expose any underlying reinforcement. Magnification will be required to distinguish pits and
surface porosity by visual inspection.


Fivi SW43S

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Fivi SW43S

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fivi SW43S

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Corporate Engineering Standard

Standard Engineering Specification: SW43S

Red text indicates revisions made in the May 2004 issue.

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

Table 1. Severe chemical services and requirements (cont.)

HF / Fluoride <10 <120 2V, 4M- Code N, Standard 180/6 Contact

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

Notes for Table 1 - Severe chemical services and requirements

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

Table 2. RTP vessel design and fabrication table

Configurations and Design Pressure, P (At Top of Vessel)

Field Fabricated or SG102S/RTP-1* Not Allowed

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

5.2 Filament winding (structural)

5.3 Pigmented gel coat/ veil to prevent fiber bloom

5.4 Fire retardancy

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

5.6 Secondary fabrication

6. Properties and testing

6.3 Shear strength

6.4 Tensile modulus values

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

6.5 Test specimen preparation

6.6 Testing of samples

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

6.7 Test reporting

6.8 Acetone test

7. Workmanship and finish

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

Table 4. Standard laminate composition Type 1

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

Table 5. Standard laminate composition Type 2

Structural plies (Note 1)

Thickness Number and sequence of plies

0.22 V M M M R M V, 2M, MRM

0.29 V M M M R M R M V, 2M, 2(MR)M

0.37 V M M M R M R M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)M

0.41 V M M M R M R M R E M V, 2M, 3(MR)E, M

0.49 V M M M R M R M R E M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)E,

0.56 V M M M R M R M R E M R M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)E,

0.63 V M M M R M R M R E M R M R M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)E,

0.67 V M M M R M R M R E M R M R M R E M V, 2M, 3(MR)E,

0.75 V M M M R M R M R E M R M R M R E M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)E,

0.82 V M M M R M R M R E M R M R M R E M R M R M V, 2M, 3(MR)E,

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

Vinyl ester types

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

HET acid types

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

Property Unit Value, any thickness

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

Document revised May 2004 / Entire document reaffirmed May 2004

Table 9. Allowable defects