UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: NOTES

United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR)

UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Scientific Annex A "Evaluation of medical exposure to ionizing radiation"

ATTACHMENT B-1
SUMMARY OF SURVEY DATA FOR DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY

Contents
UNSCEAR_2020_21_Annex-A_Attach_B-1.xlsx
This electronic attachment includes supplementary information on diagnostic radiology received through the UNSCEAR Global Survey.

Abbreviations used in this attachment

Abbreviation Description
CBCT Cone beam computed tomography
CT Computed tomography
DAP Dose area product
DLP Dose length product
E dose Effective dose
ERCP Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
IVU Intravenous urography
MGD Mean glandular dose

Disclaimers
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the
Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its
frontiers or boundaries.

This attachment has not been formally edited.

© United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.

Page 1/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Projection radiography Freq.

Projection radiography frequencies per 1,000 population

TOTAL Head (skull Neck Chest-Thorax Chest Chest

Country Head Neck (cervical Mammo-
Country projection and facial (soft (two (Thoracic (shoulder
code (soft tissue) spine) graphy
radiography bones) tissue) projections) spine) girdle & ribs)

AUS Australia 928.31 15.84 1.72 25.88 115.53 4.30 36.13 24.03
BLR Belarus 1310.66 36.09 17.47 758.22 19.45 16.57 13.05
BEL Belgium 1083.21 4.75 11.76 1.58 191.85 8.89 47.73 92.42
BRA Brazil 283.84 9.25 0.04 6.58 47.23 2.66 9.84 12.57
BGR Bulgaria 502.15 19.01 20.25 168.88 9.15 10.32
CYP Cyprus 313.58 17.85 171.53 9.05 0.53
CZE Czechia 1449.74 51.11 38.79 232.91 25.47 49.45 10.13
DNK Denmark 507.46 1.33 4.12 0.03 117.04 6.96 24.25 21.34
EST Estonia 349.74 15.05 6.47 0.15 24.59 30.43
FIN Finland 936.17 22.13 0.02 0.02 186.71 3.97 25.52 17.80
FRA France 1082.87 14.99 15.24 150.83 5.78 33.00 78.15
DEU Germany 1231.57 35.59 30.67 169.96 15.39 40.64 25.74
GRC Greece 537.74 18.49 161.68 59.89
ISL Iceland 502.09 6.58 0.01 4.30 0.01 153.23 5.28 27.87 8.00
IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 407.04 19.94 26.74 79.78 19.66
JPN Japan 1570.51 44.57
LTU Lithuania 1871.91 25.70 224.84 77.09 6.10
LUX Luxembourg 1086.97 6.27 0.02 19.92 0.05 65.00 13.52 10.07 27.55
NLD Netherlands 510.88 22.26 7.82 120.61 7.42 27.35 21.53
NOR Norway 1364.30 8.94 130.35 5.15 64.34
PHL Philippines 279.18 13.66 0.52 5.36 0.20 197.53 1.28 3.37 0.33
POL Poland 935.94 26.12 35.30 223.22 15.95 7.45
KOR Republic of Korea 4933.14 74.58 45.76 202.92 7.59 963.05 24.14 309.38 45.71
ROU Romania 516.70 15.23 19.44 117.87 12.43 20.68
RUS Russian Federation 1305.83 57.16 22.15 218.78 15.04 21.88
SVN Slovenia 360.98 187.80 17.07 46.34
ESP Spain 794.65 35.79 267.38 28.49 69.33
SWE Sweden 290.86 0.49 3.12 61.26 2.04 17.00

Page 2/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Projection radiography Freq.

Projection radiography frequencies per 1,000 population

TOTAL Head (skull Neck Chest-Thorax Chest Chest

Country Head Neck (cervical Mammo-
Country projection and facial (soft (two (Thoracic (shoulder
code (soft tissue) spine) graphy
radiography bones) tissue) projections) spine) girdle & ribs)

CHE Switzerland 969.17 3.33 8.44 143.18 5.59 21.96

ARE United Arab Emirates 1624.43 32.64 7.38 48.08 11.95 869.26 16.39 29.42 15.03
GBR United Kingdom 1027.25 2.09 0.08 5.60 0.31 157.95 3.17 15.90 10.82
USA United States 1865.64 4.18 15.12 341.76 7.77 37.00 121.52

Page 3/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Projection radiography Freq.

Projection radiography frequencies per 1,000 population

Mammo- Skeletal
Country Lumbar Lumbo-sacral Pelvis & hips Pelvis (soft Limbs and Whole spine
Country graphy Abdomen survey (head
code spine joint only (bone) tissue) joints (trunk)
(screeening) & trunk)

AUS Australia 41.17 19.51 2.13 12.39 71.94 187.90 0.16 1.18
BLR Belarus 30.30 11.95 26.11 152.23
BEL Belgium 40.68 21.62 23.42 75.62 0.79 227.48 3.79
BRA Brazil 39.00 1.76 10.36 4.76 9.51 0.07 62.12 0.05 0.02
BGR Bulgaria 20.50 22.85 15.08 23.21 7.54 103.88
CYP Cyprus 17.56 25.71 26.43 17.41
CZE Czechia 35.93 41.56 11.24 31.37 61.16 281.55 1.81
DNK Denmark 51.32 15.90 2.27 3.17 45.86 173.26 1.62 34.02
EST Estonia 57.86 21.77 6.83 13.81 79.97 0.02
FIN Finland 63.10 23.34 0.35 5.50 34.08 173.32 1.37 0.02
FRA France 39.83 21.68 77.10 201.97 8.85 1.15
DEU Germany 33.25 56.16 19.21 64.04 257.15 0.10
GRC Greece 33.83 19.03 77.86
ISL Iceland 53.73 13.10 0.96 10.72 39.70 177.55 0.78
IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 18.48 17.95 37.77
JPN Japan
LTU Lithuania 34.57 160.60 25.70 70.66 57.82
LUX Luxembourg 33.93 34.14 4.36 12.73 66.11 243.13 6.59
NLD Netherlands 59.13 21.93 12.97 39.74 148.93 1.45 5.25
NOR Norway 18.64 8.52 53.12
PHL Philippines 0.04 2.09 0.92 11.97 8.92 31.26 1.14 0.21
POL Poland 29.44 56.40 11.99 22.30 224.18
KOR Republic of Korea 296.45 373.73 64.56 219.31 131.62 1523.75 48.22
ROU Romania 32.34 1.05 10.68 19.30 90.24
RUS Russian Federation 38.35 25.98 8.20 21.88 144.26 37.94
SVN Slovenia 53.66 19.51 36.59
ESP Spain 20.46 47.77 41.58 50.33
SWE Sweden 140.00 8.97 1.82 34.36

Page 4/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Projection radiography Freq.

Projection radiography frequencies per 1,000 population

Mammo- Skeletal
Country Lumbar Lumbo-sacral Pelvis & hips Pelvis (soft Limbs and Whole spine
Country graphy Abdomen survey (head
code spine joint only (bone) tissue) joints (trunk)
(screeening) & trunk)

CHE Switzerland 16.24 16.91 8.95 42.09

ARE United Arab Emirates 6.88 81.42 16.08 62.23 25.58 2.69 242.77 6.00 0.99
GBR United Kingdom 39.79 8.53 0.30 15.17 34.42 119.19 1.06 0.27
USA United States 34.85 37.86 63.18 177.87

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UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Projection radiography Freq.

Projection radiography frequencies per 1,000 population

Country Dental Dental

Country Others
code intraoral panoramic

AUS Australia 301.57 58.65 8.26

BLR Belarus 185.11 44.12
BEL Belgium 253.63 63.07 14.11
BRA Brazil 64.81 3.20
BGR Bulgaria 61.85 18.71 0.92
CYP Cyprus 5.77 21.75
CZE Czechia 419.70 116.76 40.80
DNK Denmark 0.76 4.05
EST Estonia 33.54 59.26
FIN Finland 297.05 69.25 12.61
FRA France 384.85 39.43 10.03
DEU Germany 339.17 140.40 4.06
GRC Greece 127.74 37.41 1.82
ISL Iceland 0.29
IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 186.72
JPN Japan 410.76 119.92 995.27
LTU Lithuania 832.18 356.65
LUX Luxembourg 361.53 93.80 88.25
NLD Netherlands 12.99 1.50
NOR Norway 1048.04 27.19
PHL Philippines 0.16 0.22
POL Poland 223.74 59.84
KOR Republic of Korea 386.20 181.22 34.96
ROU Romania 91.96 66.66 18.83
RUS Russian Federation 191.43 502.78
SVN Slovenia
ESP Spain 211.37 22.16
SWE Sweden 21.80

Page 6/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Projection radiography Freq.

Projection radiography frequencies per 1,000 population

Country Dental Dental

Country Others
code intraoral panoramic

CHE Switzerland 403.82 71.26 227.41

ARE United Arab Emirates 107.13 42.52
GBR United Kingdom 539.07 73.51
USA United States 916.41 63.76 44.37

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UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Radiography&fluoroscopy Freq.

Radiography and fluoroscopy frequencies per 1000 population

TOTAL
Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal
Country radiography Biliary tract Biliary tract Biliary tract Uro-genital tract
Country tract (barium tract
code and (cholangiography) (ERCP) (cholecystography) (IVU)
studies) (defecography)
fluoroscopy
AUS Australia 30.82 4.25 0.12 0.05 0.42 0.34 0.64
BLR Belarus 19.28 8.96 4.03
BEL Belgium 33.06 1.01 4.42 0.12 0.96 0.17 0.29
BRA Brazil 0.86 0.02
BGR Bulgaria 24.55 6.45 1.90 0.14 0.27 0.10 1.28
CYP Cyprus 9.55 4.40 3.23
CZE Czechia 45.60 2.38 0.39 1.76 0.57
DNK Denmark 11.54 1.49 0.02 0.13 0.14
EST Estonia 11.07 2.61 0.21 0.95 0.16
FIN Finland 9.64 1.23 0.22 0.75 0.02
FRA France 11.06 2.45 0.49
DEU Germany 41.13 2.59 0.62 7.39
GRC Greece 4.89 0.73 0.07 0.14 0.18
ISL Iceland 18.08 4.63 0.12 0.10 3.14 1.32
LTU Lithuania 64.94
LUX Luxembourg 93.93 2.50 0.14 0.05 0.58 0.73
NLD Netherlands 12.37 0.02 1.46 0.00
NOR Norway 9.58 2.79
PHL Philippines 1.00 0.54 0.01 0.24 0.07 0.04
POL Poland 10.51 1.59 0.13 2.11
KOR Republic of Korea 46.39 24.62 0.19 0.20 0.01 0.00 2.54
ROU Romania 32.13 6.00 0.07 1.24
RUS Russian Federation 13.07 7.25 0.94
SVN Slovenia 6.05 0.98 1.27
ESP Spain 10.67 5.27 2.83
SWE Sweden 8.34 2.45 1.69
CHE Switzerland 17.82 0.84 1.02
ARE United Arab Emirates 10.08 3.65 0.30 1.94
GBR United Kingdom 10.59 2.71 0.16 0.20 0.75 0.02 0.16
USA United States 23.99 10.02 2.00

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UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Radiography&fluoroscopy Freq.

Radiography and fluoroscopy frequencies per 1000 population

Uro-genital tract
Country Cerebral Cardiac Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic
Country (kidney, bladder Myelography Arthrography
code angiography angiography angiography angiography angiography
& urethra)

AUS Australia 1.16 0.12 1.57 0.22 10.60 0.43 0.45 0.31
BLR Belarus
BEL Belgium 1.62 0.63 6.58 1.00 0.86
BRA Brazil 0.14 0.08 0.12 0.19 0.04 0.04 0.12 0.07
BGR Bulgaria 1.06 0.003 2.00 0.26 6.19
CYP Cyprus 1.93
CZE Czechia 1.16 0.03 0.07 0.00 5.29 0.00
DNK Denmark 1.24 0.01 0.83 5.55 0.44 0.57 0.27
EST Estonia 0.59 0.22 3.84
FIN Finland 0.31 0.01 0.11 0.43 4.55 0.02 0.12
FRA France 2.35 3.89
DEU Germany 0.62 19.09 0.92 1.97
GRC Greece 1.04 0.03 1.78
ISL Iceland 1.16 0.06 0.21 5.69 0.07 0.17 0.03
LTU Lithuania
LUX Luxembourg 2.94 0.09 10.18 0.18 4.25 0.05 0.15
NLD Netherlands 0.70 0.14 0.71 0.01 1.28 0.17 1.22 0.10
NOR Norway 1.12 5.67
PHL Philippines 0.09
POL Poland 0.25 5.95 0.08 0.03
KOR Republic of Korea 1.64 4.06 0.69 1.34 3.39 0.35 1.21 0.11
ROU Romania 0.14 1.48 0.14 0.06
RUS Russian Federation 0.23 3.58
SVN Slovenia 3.80
ESP Spain 2.58
SWE Sweden 4.20
CHE Switzerland 6.44
ARE United Arab Emirates 1.10 0.56 0.24 1.85 0.05 0.17
GBR United Kingdom 0.37 0.03 0.39 0.12 2.32 0.09 0.03 0.05
USA United States 7.74

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UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Radiography&fluoroscopy Freq.

Radiography and fluoroscopy frequencies per 1000 population

Country Peripheral
Country Lymphangiography Others
code angiography

AUS Australia 1.20 0.0002 8.95

BLR Belarus 6.29
BEL Belgium 0.47 14.92
BRA Brazil 0.03 0.00007
BGR Bulgaria 4.89
CYP Cyprus
CZE Czechia 0.04 0.0004 33.90
DNK Denmark 0.78 0.0004 0.06
EST Estonia 2.49
FIN Finland 0.88 0.99
FRA France 1.87
DEU Germany 7.94
GRC Greece 0.13
ISL Iceland 1.11 0.26
LTU Lithuania
LUX Luxembourg 0.21 71.90
NLD Netherlands 2.84 0.02 3.68
NOR Norway
PHL Philippines
POL Poland 0.36 0.02
KOR Republic of Korea 0.68 0.002 5.36
ROU Romania 0.16 22.83
RUS Russian Federation 1.07
SVN Slovenia
ESP Spain
SWE Sweden
CHE Switzerland 9.52
ARE United Arab Emirates 0.12 0.003
GBR United Kingdom 0.07 0.0003 3.12
USA United States 4.23

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UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Computed tomography Freq.

Computed tomography frequencies per 1000 population

TOTAL CT-Head (skull CT-Chest

Country CT-Head (soft CT-Neck CT-Neck CT-Chest CT-abdomen
Country computed and facial (thoracic
code tissue & brain) (cervical spine) (soft tissue) (thorax) (lumbar spine)
tomography bones) spine)

AUS Australia 156.78 18.82 21.06 7.82 2.84 0.90 16.69 18.67
BGD Bangladesh 155.49
BLR Belarus 78.01 16.20 7.32
BEL Belgium 200.94 50.26 5.64 25.73
BRA Brazil 51.35 2.41 17.33 0.98 0.61 6.95 3.20
BGR Bulgaria 58.31 2.22 7.42 8.48
CAN Canada 152.86
CHL Chile 115.12
CYP Cyprus 85.89 14.60 3.59 12.00
CZE Czechia 105.31 4.11 32.01 2.32 1.79 0.42 15.90 4.00
DNK Denmark 161.45 5.14 23.00 2.25 5.36 0.52 45.99 1.21
EST Estonia 166.01 44.38 3.41 3.62 1.04 25.03 5.42
FIN Finland 79.74 0.40 28.67 1.79 2.20 0.14 9.87 0.72
FRA France 129.85 32.06 2.98 25.99 15.56
DEU Germany 128.94 39.78 4.80 2.34 24.63 10.71
GRC Greece 79.46 15.97 2.34 1.26 0.67 18.93 4.78
HUN Hungary 229.17
ISL Iceland 182.36 11.82 35.82 3.74 5.96 1.14 48.35 5.82
IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 28.92
JPN Japan 221.48
LTU Lithuania 95.63 7.65 18.17 9.56 7.65 15.30 18.17
LUX Luxembourg 203.69 46.63 14.01 33.06 29.68
MYS Malaysia 61.03
NLD Netherlands 84.66 5.74 16.61 23.06
MKD North Macedonia 31.48
NOR Norway 173.42 32.25 6.57 22.04
PHL Philippines 31.37 10.39 12.85 0.25 0.36 0.19 3.12 0.19
POL Poland 82.70 33.43 2.22 2.11 0.90 0.55 13.38 4.20
KOR Republic of Korea 163.13 6.71 31.56 4.52 4.52 4.53 37.67 4.53

Page 11/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Computed tomography Freq.

Computed tomography frequencies per 1000 population

TOTAL CT-Head (skull CT-Chest

Country CT-Head (soft CT-Neck CT-Neck CT-Chest CT-abdomen
Country computed and facial (thoracic
code tissue & brain) (cervical spine) (soft tissue) (thorax) (lumbar spine)
tomography bones) spine)

ROU Romania 83.71 30.80 3.43 0.51 9.29 2.33

RUS Russian Federation 58.11 20.74 1.35 1.02 11.55 2.43
SMR San Marino 136.42
SAU Saudi Arabia 39.90
SVN Slovenia 53.66 23.90 1.41 3.17 6.34
ESP Spain 87.88 21.95 7.54 0.27 13.55 11.77
SWE Sweden 123.66 4.83 35.70 4.63 1.13 24.15 2.46
CHE Switzerland 120.00 3.51 22.09 27.56
ARE United Arab Emirates 106.38 14.29 28.05 3.40 0.83 2.10 7.77 4.22
GBR United Kingdom 90.69 25.98 20.94 1.53 0.73 0.25 2.96 0.52
USA United States 238.01 22.29 47.37 39.32

Page 12/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Computed tomography Freq.

Computed tomography frequencies per 1000 population

CT-abdomen CT-pelvis
CT-full spine CT-trunk
Country CT-abdomen (liver, CT-pelvis (pelvic soft CT-pelvis
Country (neck+chest+a (chest+abdom CT-limbs
code (abdomen) pancreas, (pelvic bones)) tissue & (pelvimetry)
bdomen) en+pelvis)
kidneys) vascular)

AUS Australia 1.09 0.02 1.67 27.40 0.02 1.29 11.69 8.87
BGD Bangladesh
BLR Belarus 6.80
BEL Belgium 42.35 17.63 18.93
BRA Brazil 8.93 7.37 2.14 1.43
BGR Bulgaria 12.60 4.90 0.61
CAN Canada
CHL Chile
CYP Cyprus 13.54 7.38 8.92 24.28
CZE Czechia 12.22 10.32 1.37 2.63 6.42 4.53
DNK Denmark 41.20 22.45 1.61 0.07 0.77 5.88
EST Estonia 7.08 0.83 0.34 0.45 7.70 2.13
FIN Finland 10.41 2.46 0.69 1.24 0.002 0.09 11.08 2.51
FRA France 6.19 31.91 0.75 4.89 9.52
DEU Germany 22.17 3.57 6.65 4.50 6.71
GRC Greece 31.94 0.60 0.54
HUN Hungary
ISL Iceland 44.57 10.71 4.99 0.04 2.56 6.58
IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of)
JPN Japan
LTU Lithuania 11.48 7.65
LUX Luxembourg 48.81 4.33 12.48
MYS Malaysia
NLD Netherlands 1.39 5.06 3.22
MKD North Macedonia
NOR Norway 31.94 22.23 4.31
PHL Philippines 2.88 0.59 0.06 0.12 0.01 0.04 0.13 0.11
POL Poland 15.64 0.07 1.35
KOR Republic of Korea 37.62 16.07 0.53 8.62

Page 13/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Computed tomography Freq.

Computed tomography frequencies per 1000 population

CT-abdomen CT-pelvis
CT-full spine CT-trunk
Country CT-abdomen (liver, CT-pelvis (pelvic soft CT-pelvis
Country (neck+chest+a (chest+abdom CT-limbs
code (abdomen) pancreas, (pelvic bones)) tissue & (pelvimetry)
bdomen) en+pelvis)
kidneys) vascular)

ROU Romania 8.73 4.98 8.00 0.98

RUS Russian Federation 8.36 1.50 2.56
SMR San Marino
SAU Saudi Arabia
SVN Slovenia 8.78 0.54
ESP Spain 15.96 9.21 7.33
SWE Sweden 43.08 1.67 3.99
CHE Switzerland 31.18 5.71 6.65
ARE United Arab Emirates 9.20 14.09 1.71 1.76 0.86 2.61 10.13 4.16
GBR United Kingdom 1.87 2.22 1.08 4.88 0.90 11.66 1.64
USA United States 62.23 19.81 0.93 5.19

Page 14/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Computed tomography Freq.

Computed tomography frequencies per 1000 population

Country
Country CT-dental CBCT-dental CBCT-others Others
code

AUS Australia 0.12 17.80

BGD Bangladesh
BLR Belarus 47.68
BEL Belgium 0.83 0.78 38.78
BRA Brazil
BGR Bulgaria 0.98 21.10
CAN Canada
CHL Chile
CYP Cyprus 0.48 1.10
CZE Czechia 0.11 7.16
DNK Denmark 0.01 6.01
EST Estonia 0.05 4.00 60.52
FIN Finland 2.57 2.61 2.28
FRA France
DEU Germany 3.08
GRC Greece 0.82 0.77 0.84
HUN Hungary
ISL Iceland 0.04 0.22
IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of)
JPN Japan
LTU Lithuania
LUX Luxembourg 4.41 10.28
MYS Malaysia
NLD Netherlands 29.59
MKD North Macedonia
NOR Norway 54.07
PHL Philippines 0.10
POL Poland 5.72 3.14
KOR Republic of Korea 6.25

Page 15/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Computed tomography Freq.

Computed tomography frequencies per 1000 population

Country
Country CT-dental CBCT-dental CBCT-others Others
code

ROU Romania 14.65

RUS Russian Federation 2.27 6.33
SMR San Marino
SAU Saudi Arabia
SVN Slovenia 9.51
ESP Spain 0.20 0.09
SWE Sweden 2.02
CHE Switzerland 23.30
ARE United Arab Emirates 0.21 0.98
GBR United Kingdom 1.24 0.07 12.22
USA United States 16.10 24.78

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UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Projection radiography-E

Projection radiography (typical effective doses (E) in mSv)

Only reported E (in italics) or E calculated from reported DAP has been given

Effective dose (mSv

Country Head (skull Neck Chest-Thorax Chest Chest

Country Head (soft Neck (soft Mammography
code and facial (cervical (two (Thoracic (shoulder Mammography
tissue) tissue) (screening)
bones) spine) projections) spine) girdle & ribs)

AUS Australia 0.055 0.067 0.011 0.097 0.146 1.600 1.600

BLR Belarus 0.065 0.078 0.212 0.791 0.086 0.348
BEL Belgium 0.169 0.304
BRA Brazil 0.150 0.150 0.100 0.110 0.850 0.660 0.600
BGR Bulgaria 0.064 0.270 0.047 0.235 0.180 0.180
CZE Czechia 0.124 0.028 0.324 0.156 0.312
DNK Denmark 0.047
EST Estonia 0.020 0.009 0.027 0.025
FRA France 0.082 0.300 0.060 0.400 0.020 0.400
DEU Germany 0.030 0.300 1.000 0.150 0.450 0.060 0.300 0.250
GRC Greece 0.043 0.019 0.127 0.163
ISL Iceland 0.015 0.133 0.045 0.583 0.045 2.500 2.300
LTU Lithuania 0.122 0.036 0.289
LUX Luxembourg 0.088 0.182 0.074 0.445 0.141
MYS Malaysia 0.101 0.174 0.036 0.507
NOR Norway 0.179 0.083 0.494 0.150
POL Poland 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.800 0.600 0.600
KOR Republic of Korea
ROU Romania 0.067 0.073 0.076 0.171 0.227
RUS Russian Federation 0.100 0.140 0.300 0.700 0.250 0.200
SAU Saudi Arabia 0.036 0.148 0.081 0.200
SVN Slovenia 0.132 0.047 0.361 0.407
ESP Spain 0.063 0.073 0.059 0.479 0.272 0.259
SWE Sweden 0.042 0.098 0.032 0.600
CHE Switzerland 0.080 0.100 0.060 0.600 0.300 0.300
ARE United Arab Emirates 0.025 0.014
GBR United Kingdom 0.154 0.121 0.084 0.403

Page 17/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Projection radiography-E

Projection radiography (typical effective doses (E) in mSv)

Only reported E (in italics) or E calculated from reported DAP has been given

Effective dose (mSv)

Country Skeletal
Country Lumbo-sacral Pelvis & hips Pelvis (soft Limbs and Whole spine Dental Dental
code Lumbar spine Abdomen survey (head
joint only (bone) tissue) joints (trunk) intraoral panoramic
& trunk)

AUS Australia 0.622 0.556 0.360

BLR Belarus 1.647 0.710 0.482 0.019 0.006 0.069
BEL Belgium 2.493 0.567 0.650
BRA Brazil 0.920 0.300
BGR Bulgaria 0.526 0.146 0.485 0.468 1.500 0.030 0.020
CZE Czechia 0.856 0.382 0.450
DNK Denmark 0.897 0.389
EST Estonia 0.137 0.151 0.099 0.090 0.005
FRA France 1.900 1.600 0.800 0.002 1.600 0.500 0.004 0.025
DEU Germany 1.200 0.550 0.400 0.080 1.500 0.003 0.020
GRC Greece 1.320 0.330 0.001 0.003 0.020
ISL Iceland 1.798 0.058 1.104 0.639 0.022
LTU Lithuania 0.617 0.338 0.583
LUX Luxembourg 1.140 0.464
MYS Malaysia 0.176 0.857 0.343 0.612
NOR Norway 1.365 1.274 0.551
POL Poland 1.300 0.800 0.600 0.010 0.010
KOR Republic of Korea 0.440 0.018
ROU Romania 0.317 0.326 0.346 0.415 0.046 0.004 0.021
RUS Russian Federation 1.400 0.800 0.740 0.010 0.010
SAU Saudi Arabia 0.169 0.333
SVN Slovenia 0.678 0.442 0.571
ESP Spain 0.800 0.520 0.577 0.010 0.008
SWE Sweden 0.850 0.915 0.481
CHE Switzerland 1.500 0.800 0.800
ARE United Arab Emirates 0.033 0.042 0.005 0.004
GBR United Kingdom 0.720 0.452 1.129 0.534

Page 18/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Radiography&fluoroscopy-E

Radiography and fluoroscopy (typical effective doses (E) in mSv)

Only reported E (in italics) or E calculated from reported DAP has been given

Effective dose (mSv)

Country Uro-genital
Country Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal Biliary tract
code Biliary tract Biliary tract Uro-genital tract (kidney,
tract (barium tract (cholecystog Myelography
(cholangiography) (ERCP) tract (IVU) bladder &
studies) (defecography) raphy)
urethra)
AUS Australia 2.28 2.29
BEL Belgium 3.20
BGR Bulgaria 2.53 3.75 15.35 4.20 2.30 4.92 0.45 9.20
CZE Czechia 1.64
EST Estonia 0.35 18.40 8.55 0.06
FIN Finland
FRA France 10.20 1.90 2.10
DEU Germany 8.00 9.00 7.00 3.00 4.00
GRC Greece
ISL Iceland 4.42
LTU Lithuania 4.40
MYS Malaysia 0.54 0.81
NOR Norway 2.34
POL Poland 5.06 0.60 8.20
KOR Republic of Korea 13.91
ROU Romania 1.15 0.48 0.93
RUS Russian Federation 3.20 1.40 1.80
SAU Saudi Arabia 1.89
SVN Slovenia 1.40 0.86
ESP Spain 6.99 1.97
SWE Sweden 0.95 0.60
CHE Switzerland 4.00 2.20
ARE United Arab Emirates 3.89 0.06 0.25
GBR United Kingdom 1.36 4.20 1.04 1.09 2.07

Page 19/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Radiography&fluoroscopy-E

Radiography and fluoroscopy (typical effective doses (E) in mSv)

Only reported E (in italics) or E calculated from reported DAP has been given

Effective dose (mSv)

Country
Country Cerebral Cardiac Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic Peripheral Lymphangiog
code Arthrography
angiography angiography angiography angiography angiography angiography raphy

AUS Australia 7.86

BEL Belgium
BGR Bulgaria 4.13 9.05 8.96
CZE Czechia 8.16
EST Estonia 9.76 15.94 3.18
FIN Finland 4.40
FRA France 9.00
DEU Germany 6.30 8.50 9.00 7.00 1.00
GRC Greece 8.48
ISL Iceland 1.06
LTU Lithuania 0.15
MYS Malaysia 4.29
NOR Norway 7.60
POL Poland
KOR Republic of Korea 5.77
ROU Romania 3.17 5.47 6.96 8.07 1.91
RUS Russian Federation 5.80
SAU Saudi Arabia
SVN Slovenia 4.80
ESP Spain 6.22
SWE Sweden 2.54
CHE Switzerland 10.00
ARE United Arab Emirates
GBR United Kingdom 0.14 6.46 5.02 4.63

Page 20/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Computed tomography-E

Computed tomography (typical effective doses (E) in mSv)

Only reported E (in italics) or E calculated from reported DLP has been given

Effective dose (mSv)

Country CT-abdomen
Country CT-Head CT-Head (soft CT-Neck CT-Chest CT-abdomen
code CT-Neck (soft CT-Chest CT-abdomen (liver,
(skull and tissue & (cervical (thoracic (lumbar
tissue) (thorax) (abdomen) pancreas,
facial bones) brain) spine) spine) spine)
kidneys)
AUS Australia 1.4 1.5 3.6 2.5 6.7 4.8 8.1 8.1 11.1
BLR Belarus 1.0 6.3
BEL Belgium 1.7 2.3 3.7 7.9 7.0
BRA Brazil 2.7 2.8 4.7 13.4 8.9 13.9 11.0
BGR Bulgaria 1.8 0.8 2.8 4.3 5.8 5.8 8.5
CZE Czechia 1.9 0.7 5.2 6.6 9.1
DNK Denmark 1.8 7.0 8.3
EST Estonia 0.6 2.0 2.2 0.9 7.2 5.2 9.4 9.6 5.7
FIN Finland 1.4 4.4 7.0
FRA France 1.4 3.3 7.8 11.0 13.8
DEU Germany 1.9 1.7 1.9 3.1 6.6 7.3 3.1 16.0 14.0
GRC Greece 3.9 3.7 9.1 10.5 14.0
ISL Iceland 0.09 2.0 2.6 1.9 4.1 6.7 9.7 5.6
LTU Lithuania 1.9 2.4 8.3 9.7 7.8 16.7
LUX Luxembourg 1.8 4.3 7.1 6.7
MYS Malysia 2.1 1.7 2.8 7.3 10.0 13.0 9.6 9.1
NOR Norway 1.8 2.9 4.7 9.5
PHL Philippines 1.1 1.4 3.9 3.9 14.3 10.0 17.1 31.4 9.9
POL Poland 1.8 3.6 2.9 4.6 8.7 10.1 8.9 22.3
KOR Republic of Korea 1.8 6.3
ROU Romania 2.3 3.9 6.8 6.9 10.5 6.5
RUS Russian Federation 1.7 4.1 2.4 4.5 5.3 5.3 7.5 21.0
SAU Saudi Arabia 0.3 2.4 8.4 3.2 9.3 7.8 14.1 22.2 20.3
SVN Slovenia 2.9 3.0 9.9 6.7 15.3
ESP Spain 1.7 2.4 9.1 6.9 11.1 10.5
SDN Sudan 2.4 9.2 10.7 20.4 7.9
SWE Sweden 1.7 1.3 3.5 6.2
CHE Switzerland 1.9 0.9 2.4 5.0 3.5 8.1 8.1

Page 21/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Computed tomography-E

Computed tomography (typical effective doses (E) in mSv)

Only reported E (in italics) or E calculated from reported DLP has been given

Effective dose (mSv)

Country CT-abdomen
Country CT-Head CT-Head (soft CT-Neck CT-Chest CT-abdomen
code CT-Neck (soft CT-Chest CT-abdomen (liver,
(skull and tissue & (cervical (thoracic (lumbar
tissue) (thorax) (abdomen) pancreas,
facial bones) brain) spine) spine) spine)
kidneys)
TUR Turkey 1.4 3.5 2.7
ARE United Arab Emirates 1.3 1.1 1.2 3.8 6.0 2.5
GBR United Kingdom 1.9 3.1 7.0 12.0 10.1

Page 22/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Computed tomography-E

Computed tomography (typical effective doses (E) in mSv)

Only reported E (in italics) or E calculated from reported DLP has been given

Effective dose (mSv)

Country CT-pelvis
Country CT-pelvis CT-full spine CT-trunk
code (pelvic soft CT-pelvis
(pelvic (neck+chest+ (chest+abdo CT-limbs CT-dental CBCT-dental CBCT-others
tissue & (pelvimetry)
bones)) abdomen) men+pelvis)
vascular)
AUS Australia 6.1 6.3 16.7 11.3
BLR Belarus
BEL Belgium
BRA Brazil 13.2
BGR Bulgaria 11.2 15.0
CZE Czechia 7.4 15.8
DNK Denmark 19.1
EST Estonia 4.8 5.7 11.6 0.4 0.25
FIN Finland 9.4
FRA France 14.5 0.5 16.3 5.7
DEU Germany 5.3 5.3 12.1 17.6 4.8 2.0 0.2
GRC Greece 7.7 25.4
ISL Iceland 7.1
LTU Lithuania 9.3
LUX Luxembourg
MYS Malysia 8.2 19.8
NOR Norway 7.3 5.6
PHL Philippines 9.8 17.9 25.8 30.8 0.7
POL Poland 8.4 22.1 0.06
KOR Republic of Korea
ROU Romania 4.9 10.7 0.4
RUS Russian Federation 8.1 0.10
SAU Saudi Arabia 14.6 25.9 0.5
SVN Slovenia 9.8
ESP Spain 11.5 13.0 0.49 0.06
SDN Sudan 10.1
SWE Sweden 9.7
CHE Switzerland 8.1 8.1

Page 23/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Computed tomography-E

Computed tomography (typical effective doses (E) in mSv)

Only reported E (in italics) or E calculated from reported DLP has been given

Effective dose (mSv)

Country CT-pelvis
Country CT-pelvis CT-full spine CT-trunk
code (pelvic soft CT-pelvis
(pelvic (neck+chest+ (chest+abdo CT-limbs CT-dental CBCT-dental CBCT-others
tissue & (pelvimetry)
bones)) abdomen) men+pelvis)
vascular)
TUR Turkey 4.4
ARE United Arab Emirates 8.7
GBR United Kingdom 13.5

Page 24/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Projection radiography-DAP

Projection radiography (typical DAP values)

DAP values for all groups except for mammography (MGD values)

DAP (Gy.cm2)

Country Head (skull Neck Chest- Chest Chest Lumbo-

Country Head (soft Neck (soft Lumbar
code and facial (cervical Thorax (two (Thoracis (shoulder sacral joint Abdomen
tissue) tissue) spine
bones) spine) projections) spine) girdle & ribs) only

AUS Australia 0.39 0.24 0.11 0.54 0.77 2.96 2.14

BEL Belgium 0.94 11.87 2.18
BRA Brazil
BGR Bulgaria 0.46 0.26 1.23 2.51 0.70 1.86
CHN China
CZE Czechia 0.44 0.15 1.71 4.08 1.47
DNK Denmark 0.26 4.27
EST Estonia 0.07 0.05 0.14 0.13 0.65 0.72 0.38
FIN Finland
GRC Greece
ISL Iceland 0.11 0.48 0.25 3.07 0.24 8.56 0.28 4.25
JPN Japan
LTU Lithuania 0.87 0.20 1.52 2.94 1.30
LUX Luxembourg 0.63 0.65 0.41 2.34 0.74 5.43
MYS Malaysia 0.72 0.62 0.2 2.67 0.84 4.08 1.32
NOR Norway 0.64 0.46 2.60 6.50 4.90
KOR Republic of Korea
ROU Romania 0.48 0.26 0.42 0.90 1.51 1.55 1.33
RUS Russian Federation 0.51
SAU Saudi Arabia 0.26 0.53 0.45 1.05 0.65
SVN Slovenia 0.47 0.26 1.90 3.23 1.70
ESP Spain 0.45 0.26 0.33 2.52 3.81 2.00
SWE Sweden 0.30 0.35 0.18 3.16 4.05 3.52
ARE United Arab Emirates 0.09 0.08 0.16 0.16
GBR United Kingdom 1.10 0.43 0.47 2.12 3.43 2.15 4.34

Page 25/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Projection radiography-DAP

Projection radiography (typical DAP values)

DAP values for all groups except for mammography (MGD values)

DAP (Gy.cm2) MGD (mGy)

Country Skeletal
Country Pelvis & hips Pelvis (soft Limbs and Whole spine Dental Dental Mammography
code survey (head Mammography
(bone) tissue) joints (trunk) intraoral panoramic (screening)
& trunk)

AUS Australia 1.24

BEL Belgium 2.24 1.52
BRA Brazil 5.52 5.01
BGR Bulgaria 1.61
CHN China 1.64
CZE Czechia 1.55 1.30 2.60
DNK Denmark 1.34 0.08
EST Estonia 0.31 0.03 0.17 0.05 0.16 0.19
FIN Finland 1.50
GRC Greece 1.36
ISL Iceland 2.20 0.14 1.07 50.10 45.10
JPN Japan 1.70
LTU Lithuania 2.01 2.65
LUX Luxembourg 1.60
MYS Malaysia 2.11 2.82 6.34
NOR Norway 1.90
KOR Republic of Korea 0.06 0.14 1.16
ROU Romania 1.43 0.29 0.03 0.12 1.89
RUS Russian Federation
SAU Saudi Arabia 1.15 0.12 7.47
SVN Slovenia 1.97 3.10
ESP Spain 1.99 1.51 1.44
SWE Sweden 1.66 2.08
ARE United Arab Emirates 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01
GBR United Kingdom 1.84

Page 26/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Radiography&fluoroscopy-DAP

Radiography and fluoroscopy (typical DAP values in Gy.cm2)

DAP (Gy.cm2)

Country Uro-genital
Country Gastrointestina Gastrointestinal Biliary tract
code Biliary tract Biliary tract Uro-genital tract (kidney,
l tract (barium tract (cholecystogra Myelography
(cholangiography) (ERCP) tract (IVU) bladder &
studies) (defecography) phy)
urethra)
AUS Australia 11.40 12.70
BEL Belgium 12.32
BGR Bulgaria 12.66 13.38 61.40 16.15 27.34 2.48
CZE Czechia 9.10
EST Estonia 1.73 65.70 34.19 0.31
FIN Finland
GRC Greece
ISL Iceland 17.00
LTU Lithuania 22.00
MYS Malaysia 2.7 4.48
NOR Norway 13.00
KOR Republic of Korea 53.50
ROU Romania 5.76 1.85 5.15
SAU Saudi Arabia 9.45
SVN Slovenia 7.00 4.80
ESP Spain 34.95 10.94
SWE Sweden 4.74 3.33
CHE Switzerland
ARE United Arab Emirates 19.43 0.24 1.39
GBR United Kingdom 6.81 15.00 4.15 4.18 11.50

Page 27/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Radiography&fluoroscopy-DAP

Radiography and fluoroscopy (typical DAP values in Gy.cm2)

DAP (Gy.cm2)

Country
Country Cerebral Cardiac Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic Peripheral
code Arthrography Lymphangiography
angiography angiography angiography angiography angiography angiography

AUS Australia 39.30

BEL Belgium
BGR Bulgaria 41.33 104.00 44.81
CZE Czechia 40.80
EST Estonia 112.20 79.70 31.80
FIN Finland 22.00
GRC Greece 42.40
ISL Iceland 5.30
LTU Lithuania 1.10
MYS Malaysia 21.45
NOR Norway 38.00
KOR Republic of Korea 66.30
ROU Romania 36.41 27.35 26.76 31.02 19.14
SAU Saudi Arabia
SVN Slovenia 24.00
ESP Spain 31.11
SWE Sweden 12.70
CHE Switzerland 50.00
ARE United Arab Emirates
GBR United Kingdom 1.40 74.30 25.09 46.27

Page 28/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Computed tomography-DLP

Computed tomography (Typical DLP values in mGy.cm)

DLP (mGy.cm)

Country CT-Abdomen
Country CT-Head CT-Neck CT-Chest
code CT-Head (soft CT-Neck (soft CT-Chest CT-Abdomen CT-Abdomen (liver,
(skull and (cervical (thoracic
tissue & brain) tissue) (thorax) (lumbar spine) (abdomen) pancreas,
facial bones) spine) spine)
kidneys)

AUS Australia 686 738 610 416 477 344 540 540 743
BEL Belgium 790 388 263 525 468
BRA Brazil 1282 1336 803 958 635 929 735
BGR Bulgaria 849 370 471 309 389 385 569
CZE Czechia 915 346 372 439 609
DNK Denmark 835 500 552
EST Estonia 296 962 376 155 517 372 623 639 381
FIN Finland 649 312 466
ISL Iceland 44 930 439 326 295 447 649 375
LTU Lithuania 408 591 695 517 1113
LUX Luxembourg 870 310 474 446
MYS Malaysia 1002 809 478 521 716 867 640 606
NOR Norway 868 500 335 635
PHL Philippines 514 667 664 654 1018 711 1142 2094 661
POL Poland 875 1735 484 788 619 723 592 1485
KOR Republic of Korea 835 421
ROU Romania 1104 664 486 496 702 430
RUS Russian Federation 790 1970 400 320 500 1400
SAU Saudi Arabia 123 1122 1426 536 661 557 943 1482 1352
SVN Slovenia
ESP Spain 800 400 650 490 740 700
SDN Sudan 1132 765 1363 525
SWE Sweden 786 221 251 414
CHE Switzerland 890 420 410 360 250 540 540
TUR Turkey 660 247 177
ARE United Arab Emirates 609 182 88 271 401 169
GBR United Kingdom 888 526 503 802 670

Page 29/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Computed tomography-DLP

Computed tomography (Typical DLP values in mGy.cm)

DLP (mGy.cm)

Country CT-Pelvis
Country CT-Pelvis CT-Full spine CT-Trunk
code (pelvic soft CT-Pelvis
(pelvic (neck+chest+ (chest+abdom CT-Limbs CT-Dental CBCT-Dental CBCT-others
tissue & (pelvimetry)
bones)) abdomen) en+pelvis)
vascular)

AUS Australia 405 422 1110 754

BEL Belgium
BRA Brazil 882
BGR Bulgaria
CZE Czechia 492 1053
DNK Denmark 1270
EST Estonia 318 383 772 446 121
FIN Finland 627
ISL Iceland 471
LTU Lithuania 617
LUX Luxembourg
MYS Malaysia 546 1319
NOR Norway
PHL Philippines 653 1192 1720 2056 664
POL Poland 563 1475
KOR Republic of Korea
ROU Romania 327 714 354
RUS Russian Federation 540
SAU Saudi Arabia 973 1724 529
SVN Slovenia 601
ESP Spain 770 865 235 30
SDN Sudan 670
SWE Sweden 647
CHE Switzerland 540 540
TUR Turkey 294
ARE United Arab Emirates 582
GBR United Kingdom 897

Page 30/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Staff

Staffing in diagnostic radiology

Number per million population

Country Other physicians

Country Medical physicists Radiation
code conducting Nurses in
Radiologists Dentists in technologists in
radiological radiology/imaging
radiology/imaging radiology/imaging
exams
AUS Australia 71.39 873.92 4.21 470.25
BGD Bangladesh 39.75
BLR Belarus 125.30 571.01 104.20 14.55 259.35 34.17
BEL Belgium 135.69 24.09 166.21 4.55
BRA Brazil 47.31 407.80 0.79 4.43 7.94
BGR Bulgaria 122.21 1087.78 135.79 2.72 135.79
CAN Canada 69.03 591.99 2.23 50.94
CHL Chile 57.56 1197.95
CYP Cyprus 97.68 874.91 10.50 22.06 286.73
CZE Czechia 135.74 708.49 37.81 1.51 240.86 49.25
DNK Denmark 105.26 807.02 4.39
EST Estonia 153.50 955.21 163.38 8.36 292.57
FIN Finland 113.72 801.85 53.94 9.11
FRA France 127.95 628.53 1.13
DEU Germany 81.28 874.41
GRC Greece 313.32 1269.25 8.39 346.08 92.06
HUN Hungary 101.65 611.12 2088.21 65.90 165.61
ISL Iceland 96.10 1211.42
IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 32.13 205.66
ITA Italy 1008.71
JPN Japan 49.84 822.56
LTU Lithuania 125.67 682.35 0.00 13.50 294.26 156.83
LUX Luxembourg 108.85 862.00 140.45 7.02 421.35 349.37
MYS Malaysia 6.56 221.38 5.49
NLD Netherlands 534.78
MKD North Macedonia 842.77
NOR Norway 154.47 1006.49 708.51

Page 31/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Staff

Staffing in diagnostic radiology

Number per million population

Country Other physicians

Country Medical physicists Radiation
code conducting Nurses in
Radiologists Dentists in technologists in
radiological radiology/imaging
radiology/imaging radiology/imaging
exams
POL Poland 95.84 1042.66 212.22
KOR Republic of Korea 64.83 335.60 258.43 416.88 105.78
ROU Romania 87.69 727.26 1.48 98.18
RUS Russian Federation 111.44 249.54 1.90 218.09
SMR San Marino 367.46 1071.75 551.18 0.00 459.32 673.67
SAU Saudi Arabia 439.00
SVN Slovenia 100.00 656.10 1.95 243.90
ESP Spain 95.35 667.74 5.62 186.97 30.59
SWE Sweden 260.00 780.00 15.00 550.00
CHE Switzerland 101.67 500.86 309.76 2.97 380.07 4750.85
THA Thailand 27.61 251.50 0.72 26.50 2.38
ARE United Arab Emirates 305.68 557.20 259.47 19.81 709.74 26.75
GBR United Kingdom 69.93 615.81 95.51 375.05 13.33
USA United States 85.21 605.95 10.20 240.17 34.78
URY Uruguay

Page 32/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Devices

Diagnostic radiology systems

Diagnostic radiology systems per million population Pe

Country Total Bone Total
Country Radiography Fluoroscopy Mammography Dental X-ray Angiography Radiography
code diagnostic densitometry diagnostic
systems systems systems systems systems systems
systems systems systems
ARG Argentina 294.89 167.01 18.79 88.49 8.33 11.52
AUS Australia 951.38 113.21 75.65 27.29 640.20 20.72
BGD Bangladesh 37.50 3.13
BLR Belarus 193.01 29.85 57.27 5.27 37.97 3.48 0.95 33.2 44.9
BEL Belgium 1501.56 342.22 2.59 45.32 1064.32 16.15 30.96
BRA Brazil 388.30 110.01 7.16 26.76 229.74 4.13 10.51
BGR Bulgaria 141.35 91.52 92.20 27.70 93.15 8.69 6.38 16.0 29.7
CAN Canada 1776.67 1424.37
CHL Chile 115.12
CHN China 44.77 34.63 1.26 4.86 1.04 11.4
CYP Cyprus 768.83 116.58 48.31 42.01 483.14 7.35 37.81 9.6 9.0
CZE Czechia 1016.28 110.31 36.49 11.63 653.19 12.29 9.74 50.6 60.0
DNK Denmark 1387.02 96.49 78.07 16.67 1171.40 4.39 17.54
EST Estonia 900.49 109.43 10.64 12.16 661.12 8.36 7.60 74.4 68.8
FIN Finland 1385.01 171.49 5.28 30.43 1106.55 17.13 11.12
FRA France 35.07
DEU Germany 1625.67 1178.61
GRC Greece 999.82 84.03 2.28 59.40 699.00 10.86 54.47 10.0 3.6
HUN Hungary 529.64 427.79
ISL Iceland 1383.23 157.25 61.15 14.56 1115.32 23.30 11.65
IDN Indonesia 32.38 21.94 64.0
IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 77.12 57.84 7.58 128.53 2.60
IRQ Iraq 80.46 15.58
ITA Italy 1815.50 660.18
JPN Japan 629.51
LTU Lithuania 734.28 131.21 34.62 14.89 565.33 7.96 7.62
LUX Luxembourg 1422.04 103.58 63.20 12.29 1220.15 17.56 1.76 6.7 52.5
MYS Malaysia 92.00 73.45 5.80 7.63 107.99 5.13 3.66 22.6

Page 33/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Devices

Diagnostic radiology systems

Diagnostic radiology systems per million population Pe

Country Total Bone Total
Country Radiography Fluoroscopy Mammography Dental X-ray Angiography Radiography
code diagnostic densitometry diagnostic
systems systems systems systems systems systems
systems systems systems
NLD Netherlands 129.30
NER Niger 4.35 4.12
NOR Norway 927.75 69.49 77.99 15.30 662.43 18.13 10.01
PHL Philippines 64.94 31.46 10.08 4.43 5.64 0.39 0.39 43.3 29.5
POL Poland 515.33 91.11 27.84 15.25 344.48 9.83 8.09
KOR Republic of Korea 564.45 564.45 187.37 62.80 491.76 136.17
ROU Romania 230.83 59.17 36.05 12.07 108.46 4.63 10.44
RUS Russian Federation 249.54 147.52 13.86 18.73 38.29 3.16 1.46 21.3
SMR San Marino 1377.96 918.64 100.0 100.0
SAU Saudi Arabia 142.40
SVN Slovenia 395.12 78.05 40.00 18.54 211.71 8.29 22.44 26.9
ESP Spain 972.49 75.81 22.73 13.46 827.71 5.40 5.30
SDN Sudan 19.44 0.28
SWE Sweden 1500.00 59.00 52.00 17.50 1200.00 12.00 8.50
CHE Switzerland 2222.45 496.34 206.66 28.62 1428.10 23.99
THA Thailand 275.68 96.70 27.80 6.87 123.84 3.60 3.51 66.4
ARE United Arab Emirates 1204.91 283.24 69.32 40.27 540.72 28.39 33.67 76.7
GBR United Kingdom 544.34
USA United States 2058.23 51.93 24.47 47.20 1757.26 8.95 35.80
URY Uruguay 216.95 70.58 21.41 23.43 175.01 6.36 2.31

Page 34/38 @United Nations, December 2022. All rights reserved, worldwide.
UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Devices

Diagnostic radiology systems

Percentage of digital systems (%) Computed tomography systems per million populat
Country Bone Total computed
Country Fluoroscopy Mammography Dental X-ray Angiography Single slice Multi slice Dual source
code densitometry tomography
systems systems systems systems CT CT CT
systems scanners
ARG Argentina 21.19
AUS Australia 43.30
BGD Bangladesh 2.81
BLR Belarus 19.0 80.0 20.8 100.0 100.0 9.07 8.23 0.84
BEL Belgium 22.57 0.00 22.57 2.14
BRA Brazil 20.87
BGR Bulgaria 26.5 29.4 54.8 100.0 32.72 0.68 32.05 0.14
CAN Canada 15.28 0.25 12.20 3.84
CHL Chile 17.27
CHN China 19.3 5.76
CYP Cyprus 10.9 25.0 0.0 85.7 100.0 33.61 0.00 30.46 0.00
CZE Czechia 81.3 43.4 100.0 38.47 0.00 21.93 0.47
DNK Denmark 23.33 23.33
EST Estonia 92.9 87.5 71.0 100.0 100.0 19.76 13.68 3.80
FIN Finland 22.05 1.82 20.23
FRA France 82.6 16.21 0.00 16.21
DEU Germany 33.25
GRC Greece 8.0 25.7 0.0 100.0 100.0 38.05 10.40 23.18 1.28
HUN Hungary 12.22
ISL Iceland 100.0 49.50 49.50
IDN Indonesia 8.40 0.01
IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 7.02 3.60
IRQ Iraq 6.21
ITA Italy 33.21
JPN Japan 103.21 76.93
LTU Lithuania 21.81 0.69 20.43 1.38
LUX Luxembourg 8.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 17.56 0.00 12.29 3.51
MYS Malaysia 13.7 31.6 3.9 67.8 0.0 8.51

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UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Devices

Diagnostic radiology systems

Percentage of digital systems (%) Computed tomography systems per million populat
Country Bone Total computed
Country Fluoroscopy Mammography Dental X-ray Angiography Single slice Multi slice Dual source
code densitometry tomography
systems systems systems systems CT CT CT
systems scanners
NLD Netherlands 13.55
NER Niger 0.24
NOR Norway 32.10
PHL Philippines 39.9 36.2 35.6 0.0 0.0
POL Poland 18.73
KOR Republic of Korea 37.03
ROU Romania 15.43 0.76 12.83 1.12
RUS Russian Federation 37.5 29.3 28.4 100.0 100.0 12.31 0.53 10.86 0.04
SMR San Marino 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 91.86 30.62
SAU Saudi Arabia 9.45
SVN Slovenia 82.9 52.6 62.0 64.7 15.12 0.00 12.20 1.95
ESP Spain 16.92 0.00 15.89
SDN Sudan 60.0 1.11 1.11
SWE Sweden 21.00 23.50 3.00
CHE Switzerland 38.72
THA Thailand 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 22.66 10.87 0.23
ARE United Arab Emirates 81.0 73.8 83.6 62.8 78.4 25.57 0.54 7.77 0.43
GBR United Kingdom 20.3 7.71
USA United States 41.87 0.00 41.87
URY Uruguay 17.36

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 UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Devices

Diagnostic radiology systems

mputed tomography systems per million population

Country
Country Cone beam
code Dental CT
CT

ARG Argentina
AUS Australia
BGD Bangladesh
BLR Belarus 0.42
BEL Belgium 17.31 2.94
BRA Brazil 0.59
BGR Bulgaria 1.09 0.41
CAN Canada
CHL Chile
CHN China
CYP Cyprus 0.00 3.15
CZE Czechia 15.12 0.95
DNK Denmark 17.54 1.23
EST Estonia 15.20
FIN Finland 2.00
FRA France
DEU Germany
GRC Greece 3.19
HUN Hungary
ISL Iceland 11.65
IDN Indonesia
IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of)
IRQ Iraq
ITA Italy
JPN Japan 128.83
LTU Lithuania 0.35 25.62
LUX Luxembourg 0.00 1.76
MYS Malaysia

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 UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report, Annex A Attachment B-1: Devices

Diagnostic radiology systems

mputed tomography systems per million population

Country
Country Cone beam
code Dental CT
CT

NLD Netherlands
NER Niger
NOR Norway 13.03
PHL Philippines
POL Poland
KOR Republic of Korea 171.84 0.33
ROU Romania 0.71
RUS Russian Federation 5.23
SMR San Marino 61.24
SAU Saudi Arabia
SVN Slovenia 6.83
ESP Spain 0.96 0.06
SDN Sudan
SWE Sweden 17.00 1.50
CHE Switzerland 57.25
THA Thailand 9.49 2.08
ARE United Arab Emirates 1.73 0.86
GBR United Kingdom 14.47
USA United States
URY Uruguay

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