GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURES

Lesson Objectives:
Define the relationship of Globalization
and Media
Identify the channels of culture
Assess the positive and negative
effects of media globalization
Globalization & Media
Globalization & Media
Pivotal in enhancing
Globalization
Cultural Exchange
Multiple flows of information
Done through:
Print
International News Broadcasts
Television Shows
Modern Tech
Film & Music
Most mainstream media was
nationalized in the 90s
International information flows
through:
Global Capitalism
Modern Tech
Commercialization of Globalization
Proliferation of cable & satellite
Historical Background
History
Media history entails accounts of
communicating information,
knowledge and values to a broad
audience
The term appeared in the 1920s that
covers the oral traditions, writing, the
printing press, up to different
communication technologies
Origins of Media
40,000 year old hand stencils and
other markings, Sulawesi Island
Cave paintings, France and Spain
Might be first forms of communication
through a medium
Wider Audience
Paper invented in China around 100
BCE
Johannes Gutenberg invented the
printing press 1,500 after
Books were mass produced
Newspapers appeared in the 17th
century but only to a few literate
audience
More people learned how to read and
write
The Times of London appeared in the
1800s
High speed rotary printing presses
published more and works were
distributed wider through railways
Photography changed the media
scene
US Civil War was documented by
Matthew Brady and was shown in an
1862 exhibition
Photographs and Telecast of wars by
America made American realize its
realities
The Lumiere brothers made the first
film 1895 in Paris which frightened
some of the audience
Instant Telegraphic Contact
Samuel Morse invented his code in
1835
Worked with a series of dots and
dashes sent through wire in an instant
Before that, messages were carried by
trains at 55km/h
Alexander Graham Bell invented the
telephone in 1876
Guglielmo Marconi made radio
possible in December 1901
A radio antenna attached on a kite on
Signall Hill, New Foundland received
radio signal from Cornwall, England
Made wireless communication
possible
The First Radio Stations
KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
reported that year’s results of the
presidential election on November 2,
1920
Pictures were added 8 years later
W3XK broadcasted through television
from a Washington suburb to
hobbyists for four years
The Internet
Two computers communicated each
other in a lab in Massachusetts
Institute of Technology
The message was broken down into
code and was reassembled by the
receiving computer
Global Imaginary &
Global Village
Global Imaginary
Consciousness of belonging to a
Global community (Manfred Steger)
Globalization breaks down the
imagined walls of nationhood and
brings about “a shared sense of a
thickening world community.”
(Imagined Communities, Benedict
Anderson)
To solve world problems, understand
the global imaginary and all it
represents
Marshall McLuhan: Global Village: the
world’s culture is shrinking and
expanding at the same time due to
instant sharing of culture
World cultures as one global village
might be controversial
Cultural Globalization can create a
marketplace for countries of all
economic opportunities
Rich countries can aid poor countries
through humanitarian efforts
Evolution of global village might
cause:
culture clashes
cultural fragmentation
cultural hegemony
Cultural Imperialism
Cultural Imperialism
Domination and imposition of values,
practices, and meanings of one
influential foreign culture to a native
culture
Best example is European
Colonialism during the 19th and 20th
centuries
The term has also been used to
criticize Western Cultural Power in
post-colonialism (Neo-colonialism)
Historically, it has been linked with
military intervention and conquests
with effects both negative and
positive
It also fueled colonization with the
belief of western supremacy of law,
education, and military force
It was an instrument to “civilize” the
colonies , mitigate resistance, and
eradicate “barbarian” ways of life
In the 20th century, cultural
imperialism was more economic and
political than it is military
The Soviet Union tried imposing
communism on other smaller states
Americans were successful through
aggressive marketing