Report Sheet

FINAL PROJECT
Zinc Copper Battery with Lemon Juice (Citric Acid) as an Electrolyte

Name: Alberto L. Honrubia Date: December 18, 2023

Course/Section: 1- BSCE – GC12

I. MATERIALS USED (Include pictures):

• 5 lemons
• 5 coins
• 5 pcs. galvanized nails
• 4 pcs. alligator clips
• 4 pcs. copper wire
• Digital tester
 II. STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURES FOLLOWED (Include pictures
for every step):
1. Gather all the materials needed.

2. Make a hole in the lemon to insert the copper coin.

3. Attach the copper wire and alligator clips to the nails

4. Insert the zinc (galvanized nail) into one end of the lemon and make sure
the nail goes through the peel and into the pulp of the lemon.
5. Use alligator clips with stripped copper wire to connect the zinc of one
lemon to the copper of the next lemon.

6. Using the tester, connect the red wire to the coin and the black wire to the
galvanized nail.
 7. Use the digital tester to measure the voltage

III. Explain how the lemon battery generates voltage. Support your
answer with REDOX reaction equations. Your answer must be written
in BOTH NATIVE TONGUE (Central Bikol Dialect or Filipino) and
ENGLISH.
A lemon battery generates voltage through a simple electrochemical process known as
a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The key components involved in this reaction are
the zinc-coated nail (anode) and the copper coin or wire (cathode) inserted into the
lemon. The lemon battery works by converting chemical energy stored in the lemon's
juice into electrical energy through the transfer of electrons between the zinc-coated
nail and the copper coin or wire. This basic electrochemical process demonstrates the
fundamental principles of how batteries generate voltage.

• The zinc-coated nail (anode) undergoes oxidation, losing electrons in the process.
• The zinc atoms on the surface of the nail lose two electrons each, becoming
positively charged ions (Zn²⁺).
• The oxidation reaction is represented as follows:
• 𝑍𝑛(𝑠) → 𝑍𝑛2+ + 2𝑒 −
 • Simultaneously, the copper in the lemon (or from the copper coin or wire) gains
these electrons, undergoing reduction.
• Copper ions (Cu²⁺) in the lemon juice accept two electrons each, forming solid
copper on the surface of the coin or wire.
• The reduction reaction is represented as follows:
• 𝐶𝑢2+ + 2𝑒 − → 𝐶𝑢(𝑠)

Filipino version:
Ang isang lemon battery ay lumilikha ng boltahe sa pamamagitan ng isang simpleng
proseso ng elektrokemika na tinatawag na redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. Ang
pangunahing sangkap na sangkot sa reaksyon na ito ay ang zinc-coated nail (anode) at
ang copper coin o alambre (cathode) na isinusugod sa lemon. Sa buod, ang lemon battery
ay gumagana sa pamamagitan ng pag-convert ng kemikal na enerhiya na naka-imbak sa
katas ng lemon tungo sa enerhiyang elektrikal sa pamamagitan ng paglipat ng mga
elektron sa pagitan ng zinc-coated nail at copper coin o alambre. Ang simpleng
prosesong elektrokemika na ito ay nagpapakita ng mga pangunahing prinsipyo ng paano
lumilikha ng boltahe ang mga baterya.