INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL FACTORS TOWARDS THE CONSUMPTION OF

LIQUOR PRODUCTS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS IN NAIC, CAVITE

Vincent Raphael R. Dirain

Raiza Maritoni I. Gigante
Rencris D. Berones

An undergraduate thesis manuscript submitted to the faculty of Management

Department of of Cavite State University Naic, Bucana, Naic, Cavite in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science in Business Management
Major in Marketing Management with Contribution No. _____. Prepared under the
supervision of Mrs. Rhonalyn C. Papa.

INTRODUCTION

Alcohol consumption can have detrimental health implications for college

students, such as cognitive impairment, increased risk of physical assault, and even

mortality (White and Hingson, 2013). Furthermore, in a dorm atmosphere, the

behavior of one’s neighbors can impact drinking behavior. For example, evidence

suggests that drinking practices in on-campus living communities may predict how

much students drink (Kenney, 2017).

Furthermore, one study discovered that college students’ alcohol use is

positively related to their sense of belonging to their college campus, suggesting that

students’ desire to fit in with their classmates may be a motivation for their alcohol

consumption (Johnson, 2014). Social danger is another social element that may

influence alcohol intake behavior (Hales, 2015). Experiencing social danger is

stressful and can inspire people to participate in risk-reducing activities, such as

alcohol usage (Hales, 2015).

Accordingly, the influence of society plays a huge role in this crisis. In an

article posted on American Addiction Centers’ website, it is suggested that whether

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or not a person will engage in harmful behaviors, such as underage drinking, is

heavily influenced by peer pressure (October 2022).

Thus, in this study, the researchers aim to further provide information on the

subject matter in a more local scene. This study should, at most, be able to spread

awareness among the public, particularly to college students and younger

generations. The researchers gathered 341 student participants from three colleges

and universities in Naic, Cavite who willingly participated in the study. The

participants include 1st year to 3rd year students from Cavite State University Naic,

Western Colleges Incorporated, and Naic West Point Colleges, from various courses.

Additionally, this study aims to understand the drinking habit of Filipinos, particularly

college students in the municipality. Especially during this season where feasts are

celebrated, widespread, in the province.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, the study aimed to identify the influence of social factors among

college students in Naic, Cavite on the consumption of liquor products.

Specifically, it seeked to answer the following questions.

1. What is the demographic profile of the participants in terms of:

1.1 age;

1.2 sex;

1.3 weekly allowance;

1.4 year level ; and

1.5 civil status?

2. What is the level of alcoholic beverages consumption of the participants in

terms of;
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2.1 frequency;

2.2 purchasing pattern;

2.3 type of liquor; and

2.4 amount spent?

3. What is the level of influence of the social factors towards the participants’

consumption of liquor products:

3.1 lifestyle;

3.2 peer group/ circle

3.3 family; and

3.4 social situation?

4. Is there a significant difference on the level of influence of the social factors

towards liquor consumption when they are grouped according to social

demographic characteristics?

5. Is there a significant difference on the participants’ liquor consumption habits

when they are grouped based on socio demographic characteristics?

6. Is there a significant relationship between the level of influence of the social

factors and their liquor consumption habits?

Objectives of the Study

The main objective of the study was to identify the influence of social factors

among college students in Naic, Cavite towards Consumption of Liquor Products.

Specifically, it aimed to:

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1. identify the demographic profile of the participants in terms of age, sex,

weekly allowance, year level, and civil status.

2. determine the level of alcoholic beverages consumption of the participants in

terms of frequency, purchasing pattern, type of alcoholic beverage, and

amount spent.

3. identify the level of influence of the social factors towards the participants’

consumption of alcoholic beverages lifestyle, peer group/ circle, family, and

social situation.

4. determine the significant difference on the level of influence of social factors

towards alcoholic beverages consumption when they are grouped according

to social demographic characteristics.

5. determine the significant difference on the participants’ alcoholic beverages

consumption habits when they are grouped based on socio demographic

characteristics.

6. determine the significant relationship between the level of influence of social

factors and their level of alcoholic beverages consumption.

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Theoretical or Conceptual Framework of the Study

Socio-Demographic
Profile
Age
Sex
Weekly allowance
Year level
Civil status

Social Factors Liquor Consumption

Habits
Lifestyle
Type of liquor
Peer group/circle
Purchasing pattern
Family
Level of consumption
Social situation
Amount spent

Figure 1. Conceptual framework of the study

Figure 1 shows the relationship between the independent and dependent

variables depicted in this diagram. The age, sex, and monthly income of the

participants will be determined by their demographic profile. The influence of social

factors among colleges in the Municipality of Naic, Cavite, on the consumption of

liquor products will depend on the paricipants’ viewpoint.

Significance of the Study

This research is made to provide information, understanding and knowledge

about the topic that will benefit the following individuals.

College Students – the findings of this study will provide them, as the

participants, the information that can increase their awareness about the concerns on

liquor consumption of college students.

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Parents – the result of this study will provide them with enough information to

raise their awareness on the rising rate of liquor consumption among college

students.

Sellers – the outcome of this study will raise their awareness about the rising

consumption of alcoholic products among college students.

Institution – this study will be beneficial to the institution as this will provide

information that they can use to educate the students about the effect of liquor

consumption to their performance as students and as individuals.

Students – the result of this research will aid their understanding on how

society can influence their perspective and knowledge on consuming liquor products.

Future Researchers – this will stand as a guide for them soon. It will give

them credible data, facts, and a better understanding of the topic.

Time and Place of the Study

Figure 1. Map of Naic, Cavite

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From May until half of the month of June 2023, the researchers planned out

their title and the contents of the study. From June 2023 until July 2023, the

researchers started to work on their introduction, review of related literature, and

methodology. From October to November 2023, the researchers started to gather

data from the participants in college schools in Naic, Cavite. In December 2023, the

data gathered from the participants was analyzed. In January 2024, the researchers

began editing their manuscript and submitted their paper to their adviser, technical

critic, and statistician for proofreading and to check if there were any needed

revisions. Finally, in January 2023, the researchers finished their study.

Scope and Limitation

The researchers attempted to determine the influence of social factors among

college students in Naic, Cavite on the consumption of liquor products. Primarily the

focus of this study is the 1 st year to 3rd year college students who are most likely

consuming liquor products. The participants were given the same sets of questions

for researchers to gain an idea on how social factors influence college students on

consumption of liquor products.

This study had experienced a few limitations. Due to the limit of colleges and

universities that participated in the study, the researchers gathered fewer students

than expected. There have been other institutions that either did not allow the

conducting of the study or have no college programs despite having the word

“college” in their institution’s name. This study is limited to the point of view of the

participants only on how social factors influence their consumption of liquor products.

Thus, there have been no information gathered from manufacturers and influencers

who promote such products. Results of the study also showed that there is a limit on

older participants that could have helped the researchers understand the subject in a

much deeper sense. The researchers also found that there is a limit on some studies
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that parallels with the results- such as those that prove that age, year level, weekly

allowance, and civil status have no connection with the social factors that influence

liquor consumption.

Definition of Terms

This section discussed the terms used by the researchers in their study in

accordance with the variables of the matter of research:

Age describes how old the participants of the study are.

Amount Spent refers to the average price that college students spend when

purchasing liquor products.

Average Alcohol Intake refers to the level of liquor consumption of the participants

in relation to the social factors.

College Students refers to the participants of the study who purchase and consume

liquor products, influenced by their family, lifestyle, peer groups/circles, and

social situations.

Consumption refers to the liquor intake of college students influenced by the social

factors, and measured according to frequency, purchasing pattern, type of

liquor preferred, and amount spent for purchasing liquor.

Family refers to the most influential social factor that influence the perception of

college students towards the consumption of liquor products.

Frequency refers to the average alcohol intake of college students measured

through the rarity of intake- never, daily, weekly, occasionally, monthly, or

yearly.

Lifestyle refers to the way of living of the college students which affects their

consumption of liquor products.

Liquor refers to the alcoholic beverages that college students drink, influenced by

the social factors.

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Peer Groups refers to the social group where college students belong to that

influences their perception on consuming liquor products.

Purchasing Pattern refers to how frequent college students purchase liquor

products- never, daily, weekly, occasionally, monthly, or yearly.

Sex refers to the biological identity of college students in correlation the influence of

social factors towards their consumption of liquor products.

Social Factors refers to the factors- lifestyle, family, peer groups/circles, and social

situations- that affect the consumption of liquor products among college

students.

Social Situation refers to the internal and external factors like mental health,

neighbors, and ease of access to liquor products, which affects the perception

and consumption of liquor products among college students.

Weekly Allowance refers to the amount of money received by college students per

week, probably used for purchasing liquor products.

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the relevant literature and studies that the researchers

considered in strengthening the study. It also indicates the the synthesis to fully

understand the research for better knowledge of the study.

Alcoholic Beverages

The most widely used psychoactive substance is alcoholic beverages, which is

reported to be regularly consumed by 2.3 billion people worldwide in 2019. The

average global intake of pure alcohol for those over the age of 15 is expected to be

5.8 liters in 2019. Young adults drink twice as much per month as adults do,

according to data on alcohol consumption patterns based on age, culture, and nation.

Young adults are far more prone than persons in other age groups to partake in

extreme binge drinking, even though elderly people are drinking more and more

alcohol (Wysokińska, 2022).

Wine, beer, and spirits are examples of alcoholic beverages. The percentage of

alcohol in beers can range from 2 to 8 percent; most lagers and ales have between 4

and 5 percent alcohol. Wines that are natural or unfortified, such chardonnay,

Chianti, and burgundy, typically have an alcohol concentration of 8 to 12 percent;

however, certain types have an alcohol content of 12 to 14 percent. Spirits, such as

whiskey, rum, and vodka, often include 40–50% alcohol by volume (Vaillant & Keller,

2016).

Alcohol misuse

Misuse of alcohol was also found to be a significant predictor of students’

mental health, connected to higher depressed symptoms, drinking to cope with

suicidal thoughts and attempts, self-harming behaviors, and violent behaviors.

Additionally, drinking alcohol was linked to the usage of novel psychoactive drugs, a

recent development that drinking alcohol made worse. Additionally, students who use
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alcohol improperly are less likely to seek professional assistance for mental health

issues. Poor academic performance, impaired executive function, and hazardous

sexual activity are all significantly correlated with problematic alcohol use among

students. (Mekonen, Chane, Fekadu & Bitew, 2017).

Alcohol misuse in college contributes to dangerous behaviors such as driving

while drunk, vandalism, conflicts, violence, and inappropriate sexual activity. It’s a

terrible and complicated connection that exists between alcohol misuse in college

and sexual assault and other violent crimes. Over 97,000 college men and women

experience sexual assault due to drinking each year, while 696,000 students are

assaulted by other students. Women in college are particularly prone to sexual

assault because of drinking-related attitudes that are sexually aggressive. Domestic

violence can result from these mindsets. Alcohol-impaired judgement can also drive

many students to make sexually unsafe decisions like having unprotected sex or

other sexual behaviors they normally would not perform (Murray, 2019).

Average Alcohol Intake

Ethanol (“alcohol”) consumption (“drinking”) has been linked to a number of

negative consequences on health and quality of life, although light to moderate

drinking, typically 1-2 drinks per day in Western countries, has been linked to positive

health effects [1, 2]. Alcohol use is not encouraged in most nations, with upper limits

for moderate alcohol consumption established at 1 or 2 units per day. The amount of

alcohol in a “unit” or standard “drink” varies between nations, with the lowest now in

the United Kingdom (UK) and the greatest in the United States of America (USA) [3,

4]. Assessing alcohol consumption is crucial not just for health and societal studies,

but also for forensic and other legal investigations into abuse/misuse (Sudhinaraset,

Wigglesworth, Takeuchi, D. T., 2016).

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Average Amount Spent

Average consumer spending on alcohol varied by metro region, though.

Depending on the city, the average spending on alcoholic beverages varies from as

little as $512 per person per year to as high as $1,218. The share of Americans who

consume alcohol has grown slightly in recent years. Based to a recent Gallup poll,

65% of American adults drink alcohol, up from 63% in 2018 and 62% in 2017 (Saad,

2023).

America’s expanding drinking population shows up in consumer spending

habits in certain major cities. Of the 22 main metropolitan areas surveyed by the

Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Expenditure Survey, 18 showed a year-over-

year increase in average alcohol spending (Saad, 2023).

Australian homes spend an average of $32.20 per week on alcohol, which is

equivalent to 1.9 per cent of their overall weekly household expenditure. Households

who are staying and are headed by 18 to 24-year-olds also spent much more money

on alcohol each week and were more likely to encounter problems with finances.

When comparing consumption among lower income groups, across Australian states

and territories, the Northern Territory was found to have both the highest mean

weekly spend on alcohol ($55) and the greatest rates of reported financial problems

compared with other states and territories (Jiang, Livingston, Room, 2022).

Causes for Consumption

There are lots of risk factors that play a part in the development of an alcohol

addiction. These risk variables interact differently in every individual, resulting in

alcohol use problems in some and not in others. Both internal and external variables

play a role in the development of alcoholism. Internal factors include heredity, mental
 13

health conditions, personality, personal decision, and drinking history. External

influences including family, environment, religion, social and cultural standards, age,

education, and work status (Parisi, 2023).

The huge amount in elements that might impact the development of an alcohol

addiction make it practically hard to correctly foresee whether any individual will

develop alcoholism. While it is an individual’s personal choice whether, or not, to

begin drinking, a vast lot of evidence reveals that the development of alcoholism after

drinking began is mainly out of that individual’s control. It is also true that no single

element, nor collection of factors, will predict whether, or not, someone becomes an

alcoholic (Parisi, 2023).

Consumption of Liquor Products

According to (Gallup Inc., 2016) reported that 60% of American consumers

drank alcoholic beverages, down from 65% in 2019. In addition, the average number

of beverages consumed in the previous seven days fell. In 2019, consumers aged 18

and above drank 4.0 drinks per week on average, but by 2021, that figure had

dropped to 3.6 drinks.

According to Nayak (2013), because economic, social, religious, and traditional

variables influence alcoholic beverage consumption in different regions of the world,

countries differ substantially in the amount and kind of alcohol drunk, as well as in the

temporal trends of alcoholic beverage usage. India has the world’s largest youth

population, which has been impacted by external forces and has begun to consume

alcohol at a far higher rate and at a younger age. Alcohol consumption is a popular

pastime among college students. Excessive study on this topic has concentrated on

students’ motivations for binge drinking; however, little research has been conducted

to investigate the leisure context in which students’ alcohol drinking behaviors occur,

as well as their preference for alcohol over wine.

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Many nations have established alcohol consumption limits to identify

problematic drinking; exceeding these limits, persons are more likely to suffer

negative health impacts. As in Slovakia’s case, there may be no formal specification

for the pure alcohol concentration in normal beverages, and the restrictions typically

vary slightly between nations and cultures. Numerous articles have detailed the

social, moral, religious, and economic factors that influence how much alcohol is

used. The amount of alcohol consumed varies significantly by age, region, and sex

(Zadarko-Domaradzka, 2018).

Family as a social factor influencing the consumption of liquor products of

college students.

Teenage alcohol usage is correlated with the views of parents about alcohol in

a family. A study conducted in Southwest England with 3785 teens and their families

found that parental attitudes and teenage drinking are mediated by parental

supervision. Teenagers’ early alcohol usage is partially mediated by parental

supervision. Numerous samples demonstrated a relationship between early alcohol

usage and less parental supervision. Furthermore, parental awareness as a

component of parental supervision can also forecast teenage alcohol consumption.

Parental knowledge is the understanding that parents have of their kids’ day-

to-day activities (Yuwen Niu, February 2023). Niu continued by stating that a child is

more prone to drink alcohol if their parents don’t know them well. This might be the

result of the parent failing to provide the child the’proper attention and assistance,

which would lead to the youngster to seek assistance from others and consequently

be exposed to alcohol Nevertheless, this deduction must be investigated further. The

openness of parents toward alcohol use has also been linked to teen drinking.

Teenagers and their parents were investigated in a study to show that the frequency

of heavy drinking by teenagers and their parents increased with their level of

openness to alcohol (2023).

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Income

What a consumer can afford and how they see money depend on their income

level. According to the 2015 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES)

conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority (2016), the average yearly family

income of Filipino households was found to be around 267 thousand pesos.

Lifestyle as a social factor influencing the consumption of liquor products

among college students.

For many college students, drinking is a common pastime. College campuses

frequently party with large quantities of alcohol as the primary means of interacting

with others. It is typical for college students to view excessive alcohol intake with a

state of mind. Binge drinking is a serious issue (Murray, 2019).

Many people choose to engage in alcohol during their college years. Four out

of every five college students, or almost 80% of them, drink alcohol in some capacity.

An estimated 50% of those students participate in excessive drinking, which is

defined as ingesting an excessive amount of alcohol in a short period of time. A lot of

young adults acknowledge consuming alcohol prior to starting college. College

students wish to experience their newly acquired freedom and independence after

leaving home after high school and going out on their own (C. Galbicsek, November

2023).

Liquor Products

Since the Vedic period, are used for worship, medicinal preparations, and are

commonly used as a relaxant. Alcohol usage is currently widespread and has been

steadily expanding over the world. Alcohol consumption causes approximately 3.3

million deaths worldwide each year (5.9% of all deaths), and it is responsible for

5.1% of the global burden of disease. It causes more than 60 different disorders and
 16

is the third most important risk factor for the global burden of disease (Ramanan,

2016).

Drinking liquor by teenagers going through early and late puberty is a major

public health risk. Alcohol addiction is not the only condition that affects those with

health issues; temporary or occasional alcohol abusers can also have health issues

(Zadarko-Domaradzka, 2018).

Peer groups as a social factor influencing the consumption of liquor products

of college students.

A common goal of many students is to fit in; thus, they attempt to copy or follow

in among their peers. It often happens that they will buy the same thing without giving

it a second thought if they witness their fellow students buying it. As previously

stated, drinking has practically become a need for many college students and an

essential component of their whole experience. In social situations where students

are surrounded by others who are purchasing and consuming alcohol, it becomes

very hard not to give in to peer pressure and start purchasing your own liquor as well

(Kerrigan, 2017).

According to Hayes (2021), A group of people or businesses that have

something in common with one another is referred to as a peer group. Age,

education, ethnic background, size, industry, and sector are a few examples of these

qualities. Peer groups have a reputation for being powerful because they have the

power to influence the choices made by their members. Peer groups frequently have

hierarchies, with definite leaders at the top. Peer groups are frequently utilized for

study across a variety of academic and professional sectors, including finance,

marketing, and sociology.

Price
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Price is the average of current prices over the complete spectrum of products

and services generated by an economy. In a broader context, price refers to the cost

of a good, service, or security in the economy (Kenton, 2020).

In economics, prices are a significant indicator and are constantly followed by

economists. They have a crucial part in the purchasing power of customers as well

as the selling of goods and services. It also plays a significant function in the supply-

demand chain (Kenton, 2020).

Social Factors

The way a person lives and behaves is influenced by social factors.

Sociologists define social factors as events or situations that have an impact on

people’s way of life and wellbeing. Economic position, education, the political and

healthcare systems, culture, ethnicity, security, the number of children, infrastructure,

and population density are only a few of these variables. Social factors are

unquestionably crucial to a society's wealth, health, peace, and security. All social

elements must be available to and developed for its members for a society to

function. A person’s behavior and wellbeing are immediately impacted when one of

these factors is unattainable or underdeveloped (Jaliff, 2023).

Social factors are human life’s social aspects that affect a person’s behavior

and quality of life. This can include the impact of society, localities, cultures,

affiliations with groups, and institutions like the family. Structures like socioeconomic

status or experiences like life events are examples of social influences (Cox, 2022).

Social situation as a social factor influencing the consumption of liquor

products among college students.

Adolescent consumption of alcohol has been associated with exposure to

alcohol advertising and possession of alcohol promotional things, according to prior

research, most of which was done in North America and Europe. Furthermore, an
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extensive number of studies indicate that alcohol marketing also affects teenage

people’s attitudes and beliefs about alcohol, which are connected to their

expectations and intentions to use alcohol. In addition, teenagers who say they enjoy

alcohol-related commercials are also more inclined to consume alcohol. The question

of the impact of alcohol marketing exposure over time is more concerning. For

instance, studies reveal that exposure to alcohol advertisement throughout

adolescence can predict adolescent alcohol consumption intentions up to two years

later.

According to their analysis, the alcohol sector invests over $6 billion annually in

product marketing. Unfortunately, a lot of alcohol marketing tactics target teenagers

specifically. Those that take place outside of the home—such as billboards,

advertisements at sporting events and concerts, buildings, newspapers, and

magazines, and online—also present special risks because parents are usually

unable to protect their kids from such exposure. Nonetheless, the amount spent on

various kinds of advertising, sometimes known as “out-of-home advertising,” has

surged by billions in the last several years. It is evident that alcohol marketing and

advertising among teenagers increases both their intention to use alcohol and their

actual consumption of it. Furthermore, new studies reveal that children require

stronger protections than adults do since they are more exposed to alcohol marketing

(M. H. Swahn, J. B. Palmier, A. Benegas-Segarra, and F. A. Sinson, December

2013).

Synthesis

The abovementioned studies therefore informed the authors of this study that

their study have a parallelism and connection with pre-existing studies that focuses

on the discussing the consumption of liquor products among young adults, in this

case, college students. More specifically, the influence of various social factors on

the consumption of liquor. As mentioned, these factors have a great deal on

influencing college students on their perception towards liquor consumption. The

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authors are now tasked to define the connection between the level of influence of

social factors and the level of liquor consumption among college students, in

consideration of the target participants’ sociodemographic profile- age, sex, year

level, weekly allowance, and civil status. The results of these study shall provide

enough information to explain the connection between the various variables of this

study. As well, serve as an address to the rising concern of alcoholism among

college students, and young adults in general.

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented the research design, sources of data, participants,

sample size and sampling technique, research instrument, data gathering procedure,

statistical tool, and data interpretation. In addition, this helped the researchers to

seek relevant data for the study.

Research Design

This study seeks to explore the impact of various social factors on the

patterns of liquor product consumption among college students in Naic, Cavite.

Employing a quantitative research design, characterized using numerical data and

rigorous analysis, the aim is to derive precise and dependable insights into the

relationship between social influences and alcohol consumption behaviors.

To achieve this, a questionnaire-based survey was administered specifically

to college students enrolled in Naic, Cavite. By focusing on this demographic, the

research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of how social factors contribute to

the consumption of liquor products in this specific academic setting. This choice of

research design and methodology aligns with the overarching goal of generating
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data-driven and reliable results, contributing to a more comprehensive discussion on

the interplay between social dynamics and alcohol consumption habits among

college students in the Naic, Cavite context.

Research Instrument

The researchers used a survey questionnaire with questions adapted from

various studies discussing the different sub-factors that affect the consumption of

liquor products among college students in Naic, Cavite. These questions were based

upon information, excluding any clippings from surveys, gathered from the studies by

Michael A. Russell, et. al. (September 2017), William Gilmore, et. al.(December

2021), A. White and R.Hingson (2014), Hannah Moris, et.al.(2023), University of

Rochester Medical Center (2020), K.Murray (May 2019), M. Sudhinaraset, Ph. D., et.

al. (2016), I. Martin-Turrero, et. al. (March 2022), and G. Martin, et. al. (March 2019).

The questionnaire was validated by three experts to prove the functionality of the

survey questions. Information gathered by the researchers from various studies that

were included in the final part of the survey was validated and checked to prove the

significance to the study. For a quicker information gathering process, a Likert scale,

with a range of 1-5, was used- 5= Strongly Agree, 4= Agree, 3= Neither Agree, Nor

Disagree, 2= Disagree, and 1= Strongly Disagree. The questionnaire provided was

divided into three parts including the socio-demographic profile of participants, level

of liquor consumption of the participants, and the level of influence of social factors to

the consumption of liquor products among the participants.

Participants of the Study

The participants of this study were 341 college students in the municipality of

Naic, Cavite. These participants came from three different universities within the

premises of the municipality- Cavite State University Naic (CvSU-Naic), Western

Colleges Incorporated (WCI), and Cavite West Point College- Naic (CWPC- Naic).
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For the participants from CvSU Naic, the researchers randomly selected students

from 1st year to 3rd year from various programs and courses. Students who were

subjected to the survey were randomly picked, considering their break time. The

researchers went around the campus to distribute the survey paper to the chosen

participants. On the other hand, participants from WCI were randomly selected by the

researchers through the help of the campus registrar. Participants were chosen from

three courses- BS Business Management, BS Criminal Justice, and Based/BEEd-

mostly 1st year and 2nd year college students. This, still, is in consideration of the

participants’ schedule and availability. And lastly, for the participants from CWPC

Naic, the researchers randomly selected 10 students from a single group of BS

Hospitality Management students.

Sampling Technique

To obtain the optimal number of participants in the study, the researchers used

a systematic form of sampling. Slovin’s formula was the first formula used to

calculate the exact number of participants in each of the participating institutions. Via

stratified random sampling, with proportional allocation, the researchers were able to

gather the needed population for the study.

The researchers first coordinated with the campus administrators of the

participating college institutions- Cavite State University Naic (CvSU-Naic), Western

Colleges Incorporated (WCI), and Cavite West Point Colleges- Naic (CWPC-Naic).

Once given the go signal, the researchers then submitted a request letter to the

registrar of the said institutions to obtain the total population of college students from

1st year to 3rd year. The researchers obtained 1,541 students from CvSU-Naic, 702

students from WCI, and 66 students from CWPC-Naic- with a total of 2,309 students.

From these, the researchers used the Slovin’s formula to obtain the sample size for

each institution- 227 students from CvSU-Naic, 104 students from WCI, and 10
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students from CWPC- Naic- with a total sample size of 341. These participants were

randomly selected from each program and course of the participating institutions.

Slovin’s formula is defined as a form of calculating the minimum sample size

needed to estimate a statistic based on an acceptable margin of error

(Statotology.org, January 2023). In the study, the researchers used the standard

margin of error, 0.05, to obtain the sample size for each of the participating

institutions. On the other hand, stratified random sampling is defined as form of

sampling where in a population is divided into smaller groups called strata. These

strata are grouped according to their shared attributes- income, educational

attainment (Adam Hayes, November 2023; Investopedia.com). In the study, the

researchers divided the participants according to their year level.

Data Gathering Procedure

First, the researchers wrote a request letter to the campus administrator to

conduct a study. Once allowed, the researchers also wrote a letter to the campus

administrators/deans/principals of the universities subject to the study. Then, they

requested for the record of total population of college students each university. Once

done, the researchers calculated the total number of participants via Slovin’s

Formula. After calculating, the researchers proceed to the areas of study to conduct

the survey and interview. The researchers randomly selected the participants and

distributed the survey form. The participants were also asked random questions on

how they were opened to alcoholism while they were answering the survey.

Responses by the participants further justified the results of the study.

Statistical Analysis

In the analysis and interpretation of the data that were obtained from the

study, certain statistical tools were used. These were as follows:

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Percentage method

This was used to describe the participants’ socio-demographic characteristics.

The relative frequency of the students’ responses was expressed using it.

Frequency count

This was used in determining the participants’ characteristics in the age, sex, year

level, weekly allowance and civil status.

Weighted mean

The responses in every situation were averaged or centrally valued using this

method.

Standard deviation

This was used to describe the level of variation between individual

measurements, on average derived from mean.

Analysis of Variance and Independent T-test

These were used to test if there were significant differences in the students’

overall level of influence of the social factors towards liquor consumption when they

are grouped according to social demographic characteristics.

Pearson’s R Correlation

This was used to test if there was a significant relationship between the

participants’ level of influence of the social factors and their liquor consumption

habits.

Chi-Square Test
 24

This was done to assess if the data differed significantly from your

expectations.

Ethical Considerations

In consideration of the ethical standards of research, participants of the study

will be briefed and discussed with the aims and purpose of this research. A signed

consent from the dean of their institution will be presented to serve as proof of the

researchers’ intentions and purpose of conducting the study. As this topic is sensitive

and, in some ways, pertaining to the personal grounds of the participants, the

researchers considered asking them for consent to be subjects of the study.

Participants shall willingly consider to be part of the study. Accordingly, to guarantee

anonymity, secrecy, and avoidance of any form of harm, all disclosed data will be

kept highly confidential, not exposing any information such as the names and age of

the participants, in fulfillment of the I and principles set by R.A 10173, also known as

Data Privacy Act of 2012.

Likewise, studies included in this research will be properly cited through

paraphrasing and giving credits to the authors, avoiding any form of plagiarism, and

in accordance with R.A 10175, otherwise known as Cybercrime Prevention Act of

2012, and R.A 8293, or Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines of 1997.

Data Interpretation

In data interpretation, the influence of social factors towards the liquor

consumption of college students in Naic, Cavite was categorized in the results of the

study as extremely influence, highly influence, moderate influence, limited influence

and no influence.

Table 1. Parameters for measuring the influence of social factors towards the

consumption of liquor products among college students in Naic, Cavite.

 25

VERBAL QUALITATIVE
MEAN SCORE
INTERPRETATION DESCRIPTION
4.21 – 5.00 Extremely Influence This means that social
factors are extremely
influencing college
students to consume
liquor products.

3.41 – 4.20 Highly Influence This indicates that

social factors
significantly influence
college students in
consuming liquor
products.
2.61 – 3.40 Moderate Influence Social factors
moderately influence
college students in
consuming liquor
products.

Table 1. Continued…

1.81 – 2.60 Limited Influence The college students

have limited influence
of social factors in
consuming liquor
products.

1.00 – 1.80 No Influence Social factors do not

influence college
students in consuming
liquor products.

The table discusses the parameters for measuring the the influence of social

factors towards the consumption of liquor products among college students in Naic,

Cavite. As stated in the table, the level of influence of social factors will be measured

via mean score. The mean score ranges from 5.00 to 1.00, with 5.00 being the

highest, indicating an extreme influence of social factors, and 1.00 being the lowest,

indicating that the social factors have no influence at all.

 26

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section of the study discussed the influence of social factors towards the

consumption of liquor products among college students in Naic, Cavite through

tables. The socio-demographic profile of the participants and the overall level of

influence of the social factors towards liquor consumption when they are grouped

according to social demographic characteristics as well as the overall level of

influence of the social factors towards liquor consumption when they are grouped

according to participants’ liquor consumption habits and their relationship between

the level of influence of the social factors and their liquor consumption habits were

also investigated and discussed along with the corresponding interpretations.

Social-Demographic Profile of the Participants

The social-demographic profile of the college students in Naic , Cavite consists

of age, sex, weekly allowance, year level, and civil status

 27

Table 2. Socio-demographic profile of college students in Naic, Cavite

PROFILE FREQUENCY, f PERCENT (%)

Age
17-18 years old 65 19.1
19- 20 years old 170 49.9
21- 22 years old 90 26.4
23 and above 16 4.7
Total 341 100.0

Sex
Male 109 32.0
Female 232 68.0
Total 341 100.0

Weekly allowance
Below 300 120 35.2
300 – 599 117 34.3
600 – 899 39 11.4
900 and above 65 19.1
Total 341 100.0

Table 2. Continued…

Year level
1st year 145 42.5
2nd year 97 28.4
3rd year 99 29.0
Total 341 100.0

Civil Status
Single 331 97.1
Married 10 2.9
Total 341 100.0

Age. Table 2 shows the frequency distribution of the participants in terms of

age. Results of the study revealed that most of the college students from Naic, Cavite

who responded to the survey belonged to the age group of 19 to 20 years old, with a

total of 170 or, 49.9 percent, while ages 21 to 22 years old summed up to 90, or 26.4

percent, and ages 17 to 18 years old totaled to 65, or 19.1 percent. The age group of

23 and above had the lowest number of participants, accumulating only 16, or 4.7

percent of the total. Given the limitation set by the researchers on the year levels to
 28

be subjected for survey, the possibility of encountering participants with the age of 23

and above is very slim. On the other hand, results showed that most of students at

the age of 19-20, are more likely to consume liquor than their older colleagues.

Undoubtably, members of Generation Z have become more curious and

adventurous. Their likeness to explore various things out of curiosity is high. This

leads them to act accordingly, as for this study, consuming liquor. In fact, this

generation is more impulsive than the older generations. Their liberation and sharing

of common mindset led to the consideration of consuming liquor as normal and being

a part of life. This parallels the results from various study which stated that college

students, or young adults in general, started to consume alcohol or liquor as early as

18 years old, with other studies claiming that some started liquor intake at the age of

17 years old.

According to Editorial Staff (2022), thousands of college students start

consuming alcohol as part of their school-based social lives each year, and a large

number of them consume too much, form unhealthy drinking habits, and put

themselves at risk for long-term damage. According to a nationwide poll, 60% of

college students between the ages of 18 and 22 reported drinking alcohol in the

month before. Almost two thirds of those who answered the survey reported binge

drinking on the occasions when they consumed alcohol. This shows that college

students between the ages of 18 to 22 years old have the highest percentage of

consuming alcohol than the ages of 23 and above.

Sex. Table 2 discusses the frequency of distribution among the participants in

terms of sex. Female participants had a total of 232, or 68 percent. While male

participants counted to 109, or 32 percent of the total. For this matter, most of the

participants gathered by the researchers were women. Yet, in the present times,

women are more active drinkers than men. One thing to consider is the fact that
 29

modern liquor marketing and advertisements are pointed towards female consumers.

Most of modern-day commercials portray women promoting liquor products. This

gave women the perception that drinking liquor is normal for them. The existence of

various light alcohols and mix liquors also bolstered the consumption of liquor among

women. Women prefer these kinds of liquor as they are more sociable and

accessible. Additionally, various female influencers in the Philippines promote and

share their drinking experiences in their video blogs.

According to Pattani (2021), when it comes to alcohol use disorders, binge

drinking, and consumption, women have been closing the gender gap. According to

the most recent U.S. data from 2019, women in their teens and early 20s reported

drinking and getting wasted more often than men in the same age group, perhaps for

the first time since researchers started tracking this behavior. This pattern correlates

with young women’s increased concerns about their mental health.

Weekly allowance. Table 2 shows the distribution of participants when it

comes to weekly allowance. Most of the college students had a weekly allowance

below 300 pesos, with a total of 120, or 35.2 percent. This was followed by students

who had weekly allowance of 300-599 pesos, accumulating 117, or 34.3 percent of

the total. Students who have a weekly allowance of 900 pesos and above had a sum

of 65, or 19.1 percent. While students who had a weekly allowance of 600-899 pesos

had a total of 39, or 11.4 percent of the total. To further the analysis, it can be

assumed that students with weekly allowance lesser than 300 Philippine peso either

root from less fortunate families or have classes for two to three days in a week only.

It can also be assumed that these participants are saving money. Participants who

have weekly allowance more than the majority can be working students or coming

from a family with a monthly income costing more than 20 thousand Philippine peso.
 30

Tuliao (2019) stated that students’ desire to save money can lead them to

spend too little during difficult circumstances. The inability to control one’s spending

is one of the challenges faced by college students. It is important for students to

establish the practice of saving money and to use that money wisely. Instead of

overspending for their wants, individuals should think about conserving money and

buying things that they need.

Year level. Table 2 shows the frequency distribution of the participants in

terms of year level. Most of the participants came from 1st year, having accumulated

145, or 42.5 percent. 3rd year students had a sum of 99, or 29 percent. While

participants from 2nd year had the least number, with 97, or 28.4 percent of the total.

To consider, most of the participants chosen by the researchers came from 1 st year.

While this is true, it can also be considered that 1st year students are the most liquor

inclined. This is due to their openness and exposure to alcoholism, influenced by

their peers and family decisions. As a study suggested, change in social environment

can affect a person’s preference on the matter of consuming liquor. One of the main

reasons why the participants of this study chose to drink is peer pressure. They fear

being outcasted and out of place. They feel as if not being able to go along with the

trend puts them out of the circle. Constant pressuring of peers, as revealed by some

of the participants, opened them to the thinking that drinking is normal, especially at

their age.

Indeed, heavy alcohol use has been well documented among college students,

and many students embrace heavy-drinking habits for the first time during their 1 st

year at university. About 20-25% of college students had drinking problems, or had

experienced consequences related to drinking, as well as increased risk of heavy

episodic drinking. Unsurprisingly, heavy drinking and alcohol-related consequences

in college students represent major challenges in some countries (Ansari, Stock, &

Mills, 2013).
 31

Civil status. Table 2 shows the distribution of the participants according to

civil status. Majority of the participants are single, having accumulated a total of 331,

or 97.1 percent. While 10, or 2.9 percent of the participants are married. Aside from

the fact that the participants are still studying, single people are more inclined in

liquor consumption since they are more likely to participate in social gatherings,

sometimes drinking sessions, with peers and friends. One reason is that they have

more financial freedom than their married counterparts. The fact that they have no

one to support or spend it on gives them the thinking of being free to spend money

for liquor. Additionally, single people are more adventurous than married ones. They

have a more curious thinking towards various subjects, in this matter, liquor. They

tend to think and imagine how it would feel like drinking liquor, as well, imagine how

various types of liquor taste like.

Marital status is a powerful predictor of consumption of alcohol. Australians

who have never married are more prone than married people to drink alcohol

excessively. In the same way, it has been discovered that those who abuse alcohol

are more likely to end relationships. According to American study, the degree of

problem drinking as well as individual and societal predisposing variables may have

an impact on the association between consumption and marital status. (Roche,

Kostadinov, Fischer & Nicholas, 2015).

 32

Liquor consumption habits

The following presented the liquor consumption habits of the college students

in Naic, Cavite- frequency, purchasing pattern, most preferred type of liquor, and the

amount spent consuming liquor products.

Table 3. Liquor consumption habits of college students in Naic, Cavite

LIQUOR CONSUMPTION FREQUENCY, f PERCENT (%)

HABITS
Frequency
Never 50 14.7
Rarely 81 23.8
Occasionally 175 51.3
Frequently 24 7.0
Very frequent 11 3.2
Total 291 100.00

Purchasing pattern
Daily 8 2.7
Weekly 12 4.1
Monthly 24 8.2
Occasionally 208 71.5
Yearly 39 13.4
Total 291 100.0

Type of liquor
Beer 48 16.5
Vodka 8 2.7
Gin 113 38.8
Brandy 8 2.7
Rum 8 2.7
Wine 49 16.8
Mixed liquor drink 41 14.1
Others 16 5.5
Total 291 100.0
Below 300 243 83.5
300 – 599 26 8.9
600 – 899 11 3.8
900 and above 11 3.8
Total 291 100.0

Frequency. Table 3 shows the frequency distribution of participants in terms

of frequency of consumption of liquor products. Most of the participants consume

liquor products occasionally, with a total of 175, or 51.3 percent. Participants who

rarely consume liquor products had a total of 81, or 23.8 percent. A sum of 50, or
 33

14.7 percent of the participants never consumed any form of liquor or alcoholic

beverage. Participants who frequently consume liquor summed up to 24, or 7

percent. While participants who consume liquor products very frequently only

accumulated 11, or 3.2 percent. It is safe to say that although most of the younger

participants have higher alcoholism rate than their older colleagues, they are less

likely to be binge drinkers. While their older colleagues came out to be more inclined

to binge drinking. To consider, the majority of the participants stated that they do not

see a good reason for drinking without an occasion, unless their subject or course

requires them to. This is despite being pressured by most of their peers.

According to Zadarko (2018), 70% of the college students polled said they

drank alcohol on occasion. Romanian students made up the greatest proportion

(41.2%) of those who said they did not drink alcohol. Most Polish participants

(82.3%) drank alcohol on occasion, but the statements from the other countries were

also high, with more than 50% consuming alcohol on occasion.

Purchasing pattern. Table 3 discusses the frequency distribution of

participants in terms of purchasing pattern. A total of 208, or 71.5 percent of the

participants purchase liquor products occasionally. Participants who purchase yearly

had a total of 39, or 13.4 percent. While monthly purchasers summed up to 24.

Participants who purchase liquor products weekly totaled 12, or 4.1 percent. Only 8,

or 2.7 percent of the participants purchase liquor products daily. This shows that

most of the participants only purchase alcohol in an occasional manner. Considering,

this may be because they come from a family with a background of occasional

drinking. Yearly purchasers can be considered to be rare drinkers of liquor. What is

good about this result is the fact that daily purchasers have the least accumulated

population. This just shows that only a minute amount of the participants is

considered heavy and binge drinkers.

 34

There is a limit on the number of sources that can directly discuss how frequent

college students purchase liquor products. As well, there is little to no study that can

prove that college students purchase liquor products in an occasional manner. Yet, in

a study by M.H. Swahn, et. al., it is suggested by a World Health Organization

(WHO) data, around 86 million people in the Philippines who are aged fifteen years

of old and older—or nearly 9% of the population—have a drinking disorder.

Furthermore, 8.3% of women and 25% of men (15–85+ years old) drink heavily and

occasionally. The importance of alcohol advertising and its possible connection to

early alcohol consumption among youth in the Philippines and the wider Western

Pacific region is a connected but generally neglected topic.

Since the 1990s, there has been an increase in awareness of excessive

alcohol consumption, the harm it causes, and its connection to the rise in youth-

oriented alcohol marketing. In the Philippines, prominent local corporations like San

Miguel Corporation and Asia Brewery are using new marketing methods to target

women and youngsters with their beer and spirit offerings. The advertising of such

alcoholic beverages to children and youth is unrestricted, despite the Philippines

having a newly passed drunk driving law and a nationwide legal minimum age of 18

for off-premises and on-premises sales of alcoholic beverages. The vast majority of

marketing budgets go into non-media means of advertising. The sponsorship of

sporting and cultural events by alcohol companies is a significant marketing tactic

that receives little research and seldom attention from policymakers. Particularly at

sporting events, which draw a younger demographic, sponsorships offer advertising

chances that leave a lasting impression on young and prospective consumers about

brand names and products (December 2013). Thus, though indirectly stated,

purchasing liquor products among young consumers, including college students, is

on high, contrary to the result.

 35

Type of liquor. Table 3 shows the frequency distribution of the participants in

terms of most preferred type of liquor. Most the participants prefer gin, with a total of

113, or 38.8 percent. A total of 49, or 16.8 percent of the participants prefer wine.

Participants who prefer beer summed up to 48, or 16.5 percent. Participants who

prefer mix liquor drinks totaled to 41, or 14.1 percent. While participants who prefer

other kinds of liquor accumulated 16, or 5.5 percent. Participants who prefer vodka,

brandy, and rum all summed up to 8, or 2.7 percent of the total. Accordingly, gin has

become a popular choice for most of college students, and young adults in general,

nowadays. In fact, gin is a more accessible and affordable drink for students,

especially if they have weekly allowance of below 300 Philippine peso. A popular mix

among Gen Zs is gin, probably of a popular brand in the Philippines, mixed with

either pineapple juice, or iced tea. This type of liquor mixed with certain type of

beverage has embraced the taste of most of Filipino young adults.

According to Klemp (2019) One Class, college students prefer spirits to hard

seltzer, beer, or wine. In terms of wine, only 10% of those polled said it was their

favorite drink. Not surprisingly, the top wine brands are not expensive: Barefoot and

Black Star Farms are at the top of the list.

Amount spent. Table 3 discusses the frequency distribution of the

participants in terms of amount spent when purchasing liquor products. Most of the

participants spend below 300 pesos, with a total of 243, or 83.5 percent. Participants

who spent 300 to 599 pesos totaled 26, or 8.9 percent. While participants who spend

600 to 899 pesos, and 900 and above, had a total of 11, or 3.8 percent, respectively.

The results parallels with the fact that most of the participants have weekly allowance

less than 300 Philippine peso. This also showed that the participants prefer more

accessible and affordable liquor such as gin. As a matter of fact, a hundred Philippine

peso is enough to buy a bottle of gin, a packet of juice, and ice- which is the most

popular mix for college students, and young adults, nowadays.

 36

In the past 6 years, the average amount spent by Filipinos in buying liquor

products, in billions, ranged from 313.86 billion Philippine peso during 2018, to 157

billion Philippine peso during 2017. On the years that follow, the average amount by

Filipinos spent faltered from 305.25 billion Philippine peso on 2019, to 211.83 billion

Philippine peso on 2022 (Statist Research Department, September 2023). This only

shows that there is a likely decrease on the amount spent by Filipinos on buying

liquor products. Similarly, as the result shows, the average amount spent by college

students in Naic, Cavite is below 300 pesos.

Social factors affecting the consumption of liquor products among college

students in Naic, Cavite

The social factors that affect the consumption of liquor products among college

students in Naic, Cavite consist of lifestyle, family, peer groups, and social situation.

Table 4. Level of influence of the social factors towards the consumption of liquor

products of college student in Naic Cavite.

LEVEL OF INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL FACTORS TO

VARIABLES THE CONSUMPTION OF LIQUOR PRODUCTS
Mean ± S.D. Verbal Interpretation
Lifestyle 1.97 ±0.89 Limited Influence
Family 2.30 ±0.96 Limited Influence
Peer 2.06 ±1.00 Limited Influence
Social situation 2.26 ±1.11 Limited Influence

Lifestyle. Table 4 indicates that lifestyle had a limited influence on the

consumption of liquor products among college students (1.97; +/- 0.89) Thus, lifestyle

does not affect the participants manner of consumption greatly. So to say, most of

the participants do not consider their lifestyle as a major factor that impacts their

consumption of liquor. Thus, it is their own decisions that led them to consume liquor

products.
 37

While the table shows the limited influence of lifestyle to the liquor

consumption of college students in Naic, Cavite, studies show that, even with limited

influence, lifestyle can have a huge impact on the matter of concern. As a study

suggests, “Poor eating habits and substance abuse are major public health concerns

among young adults who experienced the transition into university life, during which

they are exposed to stress and lack of time. Although these behaviors are considered

temporary as part of university life, they may persist late in adult life.” (Nasui, 2021)

Family. Family plays a huge role in the perception of individuals on the

various aspects in life. In such things as consumption of liquor, family can greatly

affect an individual’s mindset regarding it. As indicated in table 4, family has the

highest rate of influence (2.30; +/- 0.96), although limited. Yet, family plays a huge

role in affecting an individual’s preference and mindset towards liquor consumption.

The influence may be limited, yet results show that family, as a social factor, has the

highest influence among the participants in terms of consuming liquor products.

The likeness of being influenced by one's family on the consumption of liquor

is at high, considering the various factors that might lead to it. A study suggests that

there is a high risk of developing predisposed alcohol abuse between parents and

children. It is also likely that the environment of an individual affects his/her view on

alcohol consumption if there is history of alcohol misuse. Genetically speaking,

scientists have concluded that there is a 50% chance of having predisposed alcohol

use disorder if an individual grew up in a family with long history of alcohol misuse

(Erika Slaughter, January 2024).

Peer. Peers can be a major factor on affecting an individual’s perception on the

consumption of liquor. Most peers act as major influences on consuming liquor. Yet,

it is indicated in table 4 that there is only limited influence of peer on the consumption

of liquor (2.06; +/- 2.06). Meaning, peers do not influence the participants as much as
 38

family does in terms of consuming liquor products. Participants confirmed that they

are less likely to be influenced by their peers to consume liquor products, as much as

their lifestyle. Safely assuming that the participants consume liquor on their own

accord.

Peer pressure and other factors that lead to alcohol consumption within a circle

can lead to alcohol misuse. Young adults are most likely to be open to this situation.

Having a fixed mindset that being in the legal age is enough reason to consume

alcohol, most young adults see it as a normal thing. In universities, there is a high

chance of encountering students who consume any form of liquor or alcoholic

beverages. Most likely, these individuals have been influenced by peer groups, or

accustomed in their family traditions (S. Graupensperger, 2020).

Social situation. The environment where an individual lives has a high

influence on his/her total personality. Its norms, values, and beliefs make up an

individual’s identity. It is also where an individual can gain varying perceptions on

various subjects such as the consumption of liquor products. Yet, table 4 indicated

that social situation only had a limited influence on the participants’ consumption of

liquor (2.26; +/- 1.11). This only shows that the participants do not see themselves

being greatly affected by their social environment. Consuming liquor does not have

anything to do with everything that surrounds them. The influence of their social

situation in terms of their perception on consuming liquor products are merely

because of their openness and ease of access. Nonetheless, as confirmed by their

responses, it is up to them if they will consume or not.

The ease with which alcohol can be accessed by students is made possible by

the abundance of establishments selling the drug near schools and the absence of

laws governing their placement (Ibitoye, 2019; Petruzzi, 2018; Slaunwhite, 2017;

Yassin, 2018). Higher rates of school absenteeism and poorer academic

 39

performance have been linked to increased alcohol availability (Newbury-Birch,

2014). Furthermore, (Ystrom, 2014) have identified the initial phase of alcohol

drinking as an established predictor for alcoholic beverage consumption disorder

(AUD) in adulthood.

These results only show that there is a balance of influence among the social

factors. This is despite having family as the highest influencing factor. In short, there

is a balance of influence among the factors.

Table 5. Overall level of influence of the social factors towards liquor consumption

when they are grouped according to social demographic characteristics.

SOCIO- LEVEL OF INFLUENCE OF THE SOCIAL FACTORS

DEMOGRAPHIC TOWARDS LIQUOR CONSUMPTION
PROFILE MEAN ±S.D. Verbal p-value
Interpretation
Age 0.996

17- 18 years old 2.12 ±0.68 Limited influence

19 – 20 years old 2.10 ±0.63 Limited influence
21- 22 years old 2.10 ±0.92 Limited influence
23 and above 2.13 ±0.98 Limited influence

Sex 0.016*
Male 2.33 ±0.84 Limited influence
Female Limited influence
2.01 ±0.67
Weekly allowance
Below 300 2.14 ±0.76 Limited influence
300 – 599 2.08 ±0.77 Limited influence
600 – 899 2.08 ±0.61 Limited influence
900 and above Limited influence
2.11 ±0.93
Year level 0.157
1st year 2.18 ±0.64 Limited influence
Table 5. Continued…

2nd year 2.12 ±0.88 Limited influence

3rd year 1.98 ±1.98 Limited influence

Civil status 0.257

Single 2.11 ±0.74 Limited influence

Married 1.81 ±0.48 Limited influence
 40

Age. Table 5 shows that age does not have significant difference in overall

level of influence of the social factors towards liquor consumption. Using the Analysis

of Variance (ANOVA), (as shown in Appendices) ages 23 and above, had the highest

rate of influence (2.13; ±0.98), although the influence is still limited. Interestingly,

while this age group has the least responses, results showed that they are the most

affected by the social factors in terms of consuming liquor products. This may be due

to the fact that they are binge drinkers, as the result of this study suggested. It can

also be assumed that no matter the age, social factors- family, peer, social situation,

and lifestyle- can affect an individual’s perception on consumption of liquor,

nowadays.

There are no current studies, during the process of writing this paper, that can

prove that age is not significantly related to the social factors- family, lifestyle, peers,

and social situation- in terms of liquor consumption. Contrary to the result, a study

suggests that 9% (about 86 million) of the total population of youth aged 15 and

above in the Philippines are exposed to alcoholism. The most likely factor that leads

to this is the exposure to alcohol marketing and advertisements. These

advertisements- television commercials, online ads, billboards, and posters- can be

seen in almost all corners of the country. In malls, highways and expressways, and

small-time stores. Furthermore, early youth exposure to alcohol, mostly due to

familial and peer influence, led to the increase of alcohol use in the country (M.H.

Swahn, December 2013).

Sex. Table 5 illustrates that both male and female participants have limited

influence (2.33; ±0.84 and 2.01; ±0.67). After running an Independent T-test, results

shows that sex is significant at the 5% level, with a p-value of 0.016. Sex is one of

the factors considered by most studies to measure the consumption of liquor among

individuals. As shown in the table, while the influence is limited for both male and

female participants, sex is considered to have a significant connection with the social
 41

factors. Some studies suggested that nowadays, women are more likely to consume

alcohol than men. This is due to the various factors as exposure to advertisements

that portray women drinking liquor. Giving them the thought of normalized liquor

consumption among women. Accordingly, other studies stated that men are more

binge drinkers than women. Men tend to be more alcoholic due to a perceived

thought that being a hard drinker raises manhood. Liquor consumption, so to say,

has become a contest of manhood among men alike.

A data from the WHO stated that 25% of men and 8.3% of women aged 15-85+

years-old, are recorded to be heavy drinkers. New advertisements and market

propaganda for liquor products in the Philippines are pointed towards the youth and

women (December 2013). Moreover, another study stated that there is a varying

drinking pattern among men and women across different countries. For example, the

rate of drinking among men and women in the Karnataka State of India only ranges

from 3% and 37%, respectively. This is far different from the 94% and 97% rate for

men and women in Denmark (T.L. Hughes, Ph.D., January 2016).

Weekly allowance. Table 5 revealed that weekly allowance does not have

significant difference in overall level of influence of the social factors towards the

liquor consumption. Using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), (as shown in

Appendices) below 300 had the highest rate of influence (2.14; ±0.76), although the

influence is still limited. As suggested by the results, weekly allowance and social

factors do not coincide with each other. This is true as the social factors included in

this study does not have any effect on the participants’ weekly allowance. Yet,

contrastingly, it is showed that those who have weekly allowance less than 300

Philippine peso are more likely to purchase and consume liquor than those with

higher amounts of weekly allowance.

 42

Studies that discuss the relationship between weekly allowance and the

influence of social factors in the consumption of liquor among college students have

scarcity. Yet, some studies show the relationship between monthly income and the

subject matter. In a study by Ernest E. Fon, it was revealed that students from higher

education institutions in Buea, Cameroon with a monthly allowance of 20,000 to

40,000, are the most likely to spend for liquor products, with a total of 80%, out of the

total (June 2014). Contrary to the result of this study, where in students who have

weekly income below 300 Philippine peso are the most likely to spend for liquor

products. Take note that there is a difference between the way of living in Cameroon

and in the Philippines. Wherein, people in Cameroon who have less are more likely

to save money, unlike in the country who does the other way around.

Year level. Table 5 reveals that year level had no significant difference in

overall level of influence of the social factors towards the liquor consumption. The

statistical tool used was ANOVA (as shown in Appendices), and the researchers

found out that 1st year students had the highest rate of influence (2.18; ±0.64),

although the influence is still limited. Considering the results, it is safe to assume that

no matter the year level, social factors play pivotal role in affecting an individual’s

perception on liquor consumption. Yet, as suggested by the ANOVA result, 1 st year

college students experience the most influence in terms of liquor consumption. They,

though mostly consume in occasion only, have the highest rate of alcoholism in all

the year level. Participants of this study which are in their first year in college

experience the greatest influence considering the change in social environment and

the pressure of peer and challenge of being included.

In relation to this, students in the 1 st year of college are more likely to drink

liquor or alcoholic beverages. In average, this group consume 1-4 times weekly, in

comparison to higher years. There is a decline in liquor consumption among fifth year
 43

students. While an increase in the group sixth year students (6.5%)- those who

consume liquor in a daily basis (B. Nasui, February 2021).

Civil status. Table 5 illustrates that both single and married participants have

limited influence (2.11; ±0.74 and 1.81; ±0.48). After running an Independent T-test,

(as shown in Appendices), the results proved that civil status had no significant

difference in overall level of influence of the social factors towards liquor

consumption. This is due to the fact that nowadays, no matter if an individual is

married or not, society, in general, can greatly influence his/her perception on the

consumption of liquor products. In contrast, other studies considered civil status as

an important role of measuring the consumption of liquor among individuals, in line

with the social factors such as peers and social environment.

In relation to this, the association between alcohol use and emotion control is

affected by marital status. Adults who are married typically drink less than those who

are single or divorced, which suggests that close connections contribute to a

decrease in alcohol use. Furthermore, alcohol consumption is associated with a

higher likelihood of sexually aggressive behavior among those with high emotion

control difficulties, suggesting that alcoholic beverages may be utilized as a means of

overcoming inhibitions and engaging in sexual aggression. It’s crucial to remember,

nevertheless, that different developmental stages and high-risk individuals may have

different effects from marriage status on alcohol intake. For those with a greater

genetic load, getting married young may increase their risk of severe episodic

drinking, but the impact may eventually wear off. As a result, whereas marital status

influences the association between alcohol use and emotion regulation, the precise

consequences may vary depending on a number of variables, including age and

genetic susceptibility (D. Dinecsu, 2016).

 44

Table 6. Overall level of influence of the social factors towards liquor consumption

when they are grouped according to participants’ liquor consumption habits.

PARTICIPANTS’
LIQUOR MEAN ±S.D. Verbal p-value
CONSUMPTION Interpretation
HABITS
Frequency of 0.004*
consumption
Rarely 1.97 ±0.69 Limited Influence
Occasionally 2.09 ±0.74 Limited Influence
Frequently 2.41 ±0.70 Limited Influence
Very frequent 2.66 ±0.87 Moderate Influence

Purchasing pattern 0.003*

Daily 2.41 ±0.86 Limited Influence
Weekly 2.69 ±0.80 Moderate Influence
Monthly 2.18 ±0.63 Limited Influence
Occasionally 2.11 ±0.74 Limited Influence
Yearly 1.79 ±0.62 No Influence

Type of liquor 0.001**

Beer 2.33 ±0.86 Limited Influence
Vodka 1.73 ±0.41 No Influence
Gin 2.25 ±0.76 Limited Influence
Brandy 2.05 ±0.60 Limited Influence
Rum 2.46 ±0.87 Limited Influence
Wine 1.87 ±0.68 Limited Influence
Mixed liquor drink 1.86 ±0.39 Limited Influence
Others 1.79 ±0.60 No Influence

Frequency of consumption. Table 6 shows that the factors have the highest

overall influence on the participants who consume liquor products very frequently.

Using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), (as shown in Appendices) it gained a

moderate influence, with a mean of 2.66, and a standard deviation of ±0.87. The

frequency of consumption is also revealed to have significant relationship and

influence at the 5% level, with a p-value of 0.004. People who consume liquor more

frequently have many factors to consider their choice on doing so. One thing to

consider is their social environment.

 45

Factors like family, who turned out to have the highest influence among the

participants, is one factor to consider. Family is where most things begin at.

Participants who very frequently drink liquor might come from a family with a history

of alcohol misuse or are heavy drinkers. Another thing to consider is family problem.

Some studies suggested that young adults who came from broken families, or

problem-bound families, are the most likely to develop Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)

since they consider liquor, or any form of alcoholic beverage, as an escape. The

openness and ease of access to such products also promoted liquor consumption

among college students, and young adults in general, leading to the development of

binge drinking to some.

A Swedish study have suggested that there is a heightened rate of both

drinkers and drinkers in the past few years. Defining the difference, drinkers are

those who have drank once 30 days prior to the study. While binge drinkers are

those who have consumed a great deal of liquor in the past 30 days. Accordingly,

binge drinkers are stated to have been drinking the following for the past 30 days: a

bottle of wine (75 centiliters), five glasses of spirit (25 milliliters), four canisters of

strong beer (alcohol content of >3.5%), and six canisters of low alcohol beverages

(3.5% alcohol content). Results of this study have shown separate results for men

and women drinkers. For binge drinkers, all factors are relatively similar in volume

across alcohol kinds, implying that binge drinkers differentiated between alcohol

types to a lesser extent during the binge drinking choice process. Women and men

exhibited numerically distinct values for the explication variables in the wine

consumption equation, although they were roughly equivalent in size in a larger

economic sense. Women participated in beer and spirits drinking at substantially

lower financial and educational levels (G. Heckley, June 2016).

Purchasing Pattern. Table 6 discussed that purchasing pattern had

significant difference in overall level of influence of the social factors towards the
 46

liquor consumption. The statistical tool used was ANOVA (as shown in Appendices)

and the researchers found out that in purchasing pattern, weekly had the highest rate

of influence. It accumulated a moderate influence with a mean of 2.69, and a

standard deviation of ±0.80. Given the ease of access and the number of

advertisements directed towards the youth, the rate of liquor consumption among

college students are on high. As a result, those who purchase weekly experience the

highest influence of social factors. This is parallel to the result which suggested that

those who consume alcohol very frequently were the most affected by these factors.

In relation to this, G. Heckley, indicate that money and education were

strongly connected with binge drinking decisions across all forms of alcohol, although

less so when compared to all drinkers. The highest-income group was 27% more

likely to drink beer than the lowest-income group. This chance is somewhat greater

for alcohol consumption but roughly half as high for binge drinkers. Binge alcohol

users and all drinkers differ significantly in terms of age and economic activity, with

being younger and more financially inactive being stronger predictors of binge

drinking than being all drinkers (June 2016). Thus, binge drinkers who have more

income are likely to purchase and consume liquor than lower income ones. They are

more likely to participate in drinking sessions in comparison with financially inactive

individuals. This, still, is in consideration of several social factors, particularly social

groups like family and friends (N. Cunningham, June 2022).

Type of Liquor. Table 6 shows that type of liquor had significant difference in

overall level of influence of the social factors towards the liquor consumption. Using

the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), (as shown in Appendices) the results proved that

in types of liquor, rum had the highest rate of influence. It gained a limited influence

with a mean of 2.46 and a standard deviation of ±0.87. An individual’s choice of

liquor varies depending on the social environment he/she is in. Consider as well, the

people surrounding an individual. For example, an individual belongs to a circle that

 47

prefers beer the most. It is most likely that this individual prefers beer, too. In the

study, it is intriguingly that people who prefer rum have the highest influence

experienced. Assuming that among the participants, those who prefer rum have the

least number.

It was revealed in a study that most of those who drink liquor prefer more than

one type of drink. Contrary to the result of this study, data showed that by the year

2021, most drinkers prefer light beers only, accumulating 22% of the total participants

of the said study. Those who prefer wine only had 17%, while those who prefer spirits

only is at 14%. Young adults who prefer hard drinks like seltzer and rum is at 11% (K.

Kelly, 2022).

Significant relationship of the social factors to the liquor consumption habits

of college students in Naic, Cavite

This section of the study discusses how the social factors- lifestyle, family,

peer, and social situation- affect the liquor consumption habits of college students in

Naic, Cavite- frequency, purchasing pattern, and amounts spent.

Table 7. Significant relationship between the level of influence of the social factors

and their liquor consumption habits.

LIQUOR SOCIAL CORRELATION

CONSUMPTION FACTORS
HABITS
r2 p-value Interpretation

Frequency Lifestyle 0.265** 0.000 Highly significant at

1% level
Family 0.135* 0.021 Significant at 5%
level

Peer 0.084 0.153 Not significant at

5% level
Social 0.139* 0.018 Significant at 5%
situation level
 48

Purchasing pattern Lifestyle -0.322** 0.000 Highly significant at

1% level

Table 7. Continued.

Family -0.129* 0.027 Significant at 5%

level
Peer -0.092 0.117 Not significant at
5% level
Social -0.102 0.082 Not significant at
situation 5% level

Amount spent Lifestyle 0.148* 0.012 Significant at 5%

level
Family 0.105 0.075 Not significant at
5% level
Peer -0.042 0.473 Not significant at
5% level
Social 0.036 0.513 Not significant at
situation 5% level

Frequency. Table 7 shows that lifestyle played the most significant role in

affecting the frequency of liquor consumption of the participants. It gained a p-value

of 0.000, meaning that it is highly significant at the 1% level. This shows that the

participants’ lifestyle affects their frequency of consumption. Putting into

consideration that most of the participants are 1 st year students which results, and

supporting studies suggested, to have the highest rate of liquor consumption among

college students in Naic, Cavite. This is due to the changes they experienced along

the way such as meeting new people and the wanting to be included in circles. This,

and other considerable changes during their 1st year in college, led to a change in

their lifestyle. The pressure of being outcasted from circles is one reason why most of

these participants considered changing their lifestyle, which comes along with their

curiosity to many things like consumption of liquor. As these participants stated,

these changes in their lifestyle comes with the openness to various illicit activities

such as smoking and consumption of liquor.

 49

Accordingly, a study done by B. Nasui, among Romanian university students

suggests that frequency of alcohol intake has a direct relation to various lifestyle

factors- the use of illegal drugs (p-value < 0.001), smoking tobacco (p- value <

0.001), and amount of physical activity (p-value= 0.009). An indication of the

association of sedentary lifestyle with the use of substance, more specifically, the

linkage of alcoholism. Amount of sleep can also be linked with alcoholism (p-value=

0.012). More sleep, more unlikely a student consumes any form of liquor or alcoholic

beverage. Moreover, unhealthy eating habits have been linked to alcoholism. It

revealed that between male and female, male university students are more likely to

eat unhealthily, choosing fast food over anything. Thus, being linked to a heightened

rate of alcoholism at 34.3%, consuming fast food once to thrice weekly. This is even

though the socioeconomic status in Romania is good, and healthy foods are

available, on and off the premise of universities (February 2021).

Purchasing pattern. The table shows that lifestyle is highly significant at 1%

level, accumulating a p-value of 0.000. Thus, it is the most affective factor on the

purchasing pattern of liquor products among the participants. The participants stated

that their lifestyle has greatly changed through their years in college. Most of the

participants, which are 1st year students, revealed that consumption of liquor comes

along with their purchasing of such products. They stated that as their lifestyle

changed, the consideration of putting liquor in their budget came along the process.

This is in spite of the fact that most of these students have weekly allowances less

than 300 Philippine peso. A considerable cause of concern for the participants to

notice.

The purchasing pattern of young adults, including college students, in buying

liquor products, has a direct relation with the frequency of consumption. Thus, the

more frequent one consumes, the more frequent one purchases. In a study done by

B. Strukčinskienė, to 319 students at Klaipeda University, Lithuania in 2018, it is

 50

revealed that lifestyle changes affected much of the students’ perception on

consuming alcoholic beverages and liquor products. According to the study, a

change in the overall social environment of an individual can greatly alter his/her

perception on various subjects, such as alcoholism. And with these changes present,

comes the discussion on frequency of consumption of liquor products, which affects

their purchasing pattern. Statistically speaking, out of 319 participants, majority

consumed alcohol for the past 12 months- this is before the study was done- with a

staggering 90.3%. 48% of this study’s participants consumed large amounts of liquor

for quite some time. While 33% out of the total stated to have consumed a great deal

of liquor more frequently.

Amount spent. Table 7 discusses that lifestyle has the highest influencing

factor among the social factors. It is significant at the 5% level, with a p-value of

0.012. Thus, lifestyle, still, is the main factor that affects how much the participants

spend in purchasing liquor products. Most of the participants stated that they spend

less than 300 Philippine pesos when purchasing alcohol. Yet, the fact that their

lifestyle led to their alcohol purchasing and consumption, is a great concern. As a

matter of fact, the changes in their lifestyle in college greatly affected, not only their

financial literacy, but as well, their overall decision making, considering the result that

most of these participants have less than 300 Philippine pesos for their weekly

allowance. Which is in contrast with results from other studies which showed that

students who have higher amounts of allowance, per month, are the most likely to

purchase and consume liquor products.

Research done in a university in Cameroon revealed that students who have

more than 20,000 U.S dollars for their monthly allowance are more likely to purchase

liquor products than those with lesser finances. In average, students with less than

20,000 U.S dollars spend below 200 U.S dollars for their liquor drinking. Considering

this, the study concluded that there is varying lifestyle between the students, in
 51

relation to their monthly allowance. Less funded students are more likely to save

money than the more funded ones (E. Fon, June 2014).

While the results show that lifestyle is the most significant factor, this does not

conclude that the other factors have no significant relationship at all. Family affects

the frequency and purchasing pattern of the participants significantly at 5% level (p-

value= 0.021 and p-value= 0.027). The social situation is significantly related to the

frequency of consumption of the participants at 5% level, with a p-value of 0.018.

While peer groups, in contrary to other studies, do not greatly affect the liquor

consumption habit of the participants. Thus, peer groups do not put that much

pressure on the participants at all, in terms of consuming liquor products.

 52

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In this chapter, the results have been discussed and examined within the

broader context of influence of social factors towards the consumption of liquor

products. Furthermore, it contained the conclusion of the study, the research paper’s

recommendation, and the capability for future research.

Summary of the Findings

The study was focused on investigating the influence of social factors towards

the consumption of liquor products among college students. This included the profile

of the participants in terms of age, sex, weekly allowance, year level, and civil status.

It also included the level of alcoholic beverages consumption of the participants, the

level of influence of the social factors towards the participants’ consumption of

alcoholic beverages, and the level of influence of the social factors towards alcoholic

beverages consumption when they are grouped according to social demographic

characteristics, as well as the participants’ alcoholic beverages consumption habits

when they are grouped based on socio demographic characteristics and the

relationship between the level of influence of the social factors and their level of

alcoholic beverages consumption, which were also studied and discussed.

A survey questionnaire with questions adapted from various studies was used

in this research to obtain research data. The study used questionnaire-based survey

as the main instrument for data gathering. The format applied for the study was

quantitative research method. The participants of the study were 341 college

students in the Municipality of Naic, Cavite. The researchers applied stratified

random sampling with proportional allocation. The researchers used slovin’s formula

to obtain the sample size for each institution- 227 students from CvSU-Naic, 104
 53

students from WCI, and 10 students from CWPC- Naic- with a total sample size of

341. These participants were randomly selected from each program and course of

the participating institutions.

The data were processed using percentage, frequency count, average

weighted mean, standard deviation, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the Independent

T-test method, and Pearson’s R correlation.

The results of the analysis and interpretation were as follows: according to the

participant profile, majority of participants who answered the questionnaire were

belonged to the ages of 19 to 20 years old, which represented 49.9% of the total

number of the participants. It was evident from this result that the individuals’ levels

varied. In terms of sex, the data indicates that most of the participants were female,

which indicates 68% of the participants. This result corresponds with other observed

research showing that women are more likely in consuming liquor products than

men. With regards to weekly allowance, most of the participants had a weekly

allowance of below 300 pesos, accumulating 35.2 % of the total. Intriguingly, these

students are the most likely to purchase and consume liquor products. On year level,

the majority of the participants came from 1st year, having accumulated 42.5 % of the

participants. This finding indicated that 1st year students were more likely to consume

liquor products. Lastly, in terms of civil status, the data shows that most of the

participants are single and were more likely to consume liquor products.

On the level of alcoholic beverages consumption of the participants, the data

shows that in frequency in consumption of the liquor products, most of the

participants answered occasionally, which indicates 51.3 % of the participants. This

pattern corresponds with other empirical research indicating that most of the

participants are consuming liquor products occasionally or during occasions. In terms

of purchasing pattern, most of the participants purchase liquor products occasionally,

 54

accumulating 71.5 % of the total. This finding indicated that most of the students

were more likely to purchase liquor products occasionally. On type of liquor, the

majority of the participants prefer gin, accounting for 38.8 % of the participants. This

result shows that most of the participants prefer gin when it comes on type of liquor.

Lastly, in terms of amount spent, the findings revealed that most of the participants,

spending below 300 on purchasing liquor products, having accumulated 83.5 % of

the participants. This result indicates that most of the students spend lesser than 300

when purchasing liquor products.

On the other hand, on level of influence of the social factors towards the

participants’ consumption of alcoholic beverages. Based on the information obtained,

family is the major factor affecting an individual’s perception on the consumption of

liquor. It has a weighted mean of 2.30 and was falls between 1.81 and 2.60,

classified as “limited influence”. On lifestyle, it has a least influence on affecting

students’ manner of consumption of liquor products with a weighted mean of 1.97

and varies between 1.81 and 2.60, interpreted as “limited influence”.

On the level of influence of the social factors towards alcoholic beverages

consumption when grouped according to their social demographic characteristics, the

study revealed that age had no significant difference in level of influence of the social

factors towards liquor consumption. Ages 23 and above, had the highest rate of

influence and it has a weighted mean of 2.13 and falls between 1.81 and 2.60,

signifying “limited influence”. Regarding with weekly allowance, the data indicates

that it does not have significant difference In level of influence of the social factors

towar“s the liquor consumption. Below 300 had the highest rate of influence although

the influence is still limited. The weighted mean was 2.14 and varies between 1.81 to

2.60, indicating “limited influence”. In terms of year level, the results also shows that

there had no “significant difference” in level of influence of the social factors towards

the liquor consumption. 1st year students had the highest rate of influence, the
 55

weighted mean was 2.13 and ranges from 1.81 to 2.60, it also indicated as “limited

influence”. In sex and civil status, the study revealed that both of them had no

significant difference in level of influence of the social factors towards the liquor

consumption.

In terms of the participants’ alcoholic beverages consumption habits when they

are grouped based on socio demographic characteristics, the study shows that

frequency of consumption had significant difference in participants’ alcoholic

beverages consumption habits. Very frequently is the factor have the highest overall

influence on the participants who consume liquor products with a weighted mean of

2.66 and falls between 2.61 and 3.40, it gained a “moderate influence”. Purchasing

pattern also showed a significant difference in participants’ alcoholic beverages

consumption habits. Weekly had the highest rate of influence. It accumulated a

“moderate influence” with a weighted mean of 2.69 and varies between 2.61 and

3.40. Type of liquor also had significant difference in participants’ alcoholic

beverages consumption habits based on the study. Rum had the highest rate of

influence, indicated as “limited influence” with a mean of 2.46 and falls between 1.81

to 2.60.

Lastly, relationship between the level of influence of the social factors and their

level of alcoholic beverages consumption. The results shows that in frequency,

lifestyle had the highest correlation among the four social factors and considered as

“highly significant” (0.265), while peer had the lowest correlation, indicated as “not

significant” (0.084). In purchasing pattern, lifestyle was the most affective social

factor and had the highest overall influence (-0.322) considered as “highly

significant”, while peer had the lowest correlation (-0.092), labeled as “not

significant”. In amount spent, lifestyle also had the highest correlation within the four

social factors (0.148) considered as significant, while social situation had the lowest

correlation (0.036), identified as “not significant”.

 56

Conclusion

This study mainly focused on the influence of social factors to the consumption of

liquor among college students in Naic, Cavite, and on how each factor correlates with

the sociodemographic profile of the participants. Data presented in this study were

collected via a survey questionnaire which the participants answered. The results are

as follows:

1. Students who aged from 19-20, and are in their 1 st year in college, are the

most engaged in the consumption of liquor. Most of them are single women,

which is parallel to the claims of other studies that in the present times,

women are more likely to drink liquor than men. Ironically, students who have

weekly allowance below 300 Philippine peso, were found to be more active in

consuming liquor products.

2. In terms of the level of liquor consumption among the participants, it was

revealed that most of them consume liquor products occasionally. Likely, they

purchase liquor occasionally. Most of the participants prefer gin over other

types of liquor and spends no more than 300 Philippine peso per occasion.

3. Meanwhile, the study revealed that family has the highest overall influence

on the level of liquor consumption among the participants. Lifestyle has the

least among all the social factors.

4. When it comes to the overall influence of social factors to the level of

consumption of the participants when grouped according to their socio-

demographic profile, the study showed that age had no significant relationship

at all. Yet, participants who have ages 23 and above have shown “limited

influence”. Similarly, weekly allowance showed no relation at all. This is

despite the fact that students with allowance below 300 Philippine peso felt a

slight “limited influence”. Accordingly, year level shared the same result. Yet,

1st year students got the highest rate of influence, but still limited. As for sex, it
 57

had a significant difference, yet both sexes only had limited influence. While

civil status showed no significant relationship at all.

5. The study also revealed that frequency illustrated a significant difference on

the level of liquor consumption of the participants when grouped according to

their socio-demographic profile. participants who consume liquor very

frequently gained a “moderate influence” among the rest, in terms of

frequency. The same result goes with purchasing pattern, illustrating a

significant difference, with those who purchase weekly gaining a “moderate

influence”. The type of liquor also had significant difference to the level of

liquor consumption of participants. A slight influence or “limited influence” was

felt by those who prefer rum.

6. Lastly, it was revealed that lifestyle had the highest overall influence among

all the social factors in terms of influence on the level of liquor consumption.

While peer has the least overall level of influence in all aspects- frequency,

purchasing pattern, and amount spent.

Recommendations

After an analysis on the aforementioned data gathered, the researchers formulated

the following recommendations:

1. In order to lessen the consumption of liquor among college students, parents

must observe their children’s habits. They must monitor the things they do,

the activities they engage with, the people whom they spend their time with,

as well as their behavioral patterns- given that lifestyle is prone to change. If

not, help control their children’s liquor consumption.

2. 1st year college students, and young adults in general, should be more aware

of the adverse effect of consuming liquor products such as health and

 58

behavioral impacts. Must they decrease their consumption of liquor and

engagement in any social events and gatherings that offer liquor products.

3. To help alleviate the concern on alcoholism among college students, and

young adults in general, marketers and producers must conduct surveys,

could be of the same nature as this study, to raise their awareness on the

problem. The survey must address manufacturers to avoid producing

advertisements that target women and the youth, if not, lessen promotional

ads, if possible. An increase in the price of commonly consumed alcohol is a

good solution, too.

4. Marketers and manufacturers must remind retail stores to limit the selling of

liquor and other alcoholic products to college students, and to young adults in

general, to help eradicate, if not, minimize the normalization of drinking

among the group.

5. The price of alcoholic beverages must be raised by the seller; a higher cost

for alcohol can have dual benefits, to lessen the harmful effects of alcohol

consumption and abuse and increasing the percentage of college students

who drink more seldom.

 59

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 63

APPENDICES

Age

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
65 19.1 19.1 19.1
17 – 18

170 49.9 49.9 68.9

19 – 20

90 26.4 26.4 95.3

Valid 21 – 22

23 and 16 4.7 4.7 100.0

above
341 100.0 100.0
Total

Sex

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative Percent

Percent
109 32.0 32.0 32.0
Male

232 68.0 68.0 100.0

Valid Female

341 100.0 100.0

Total

Weekly allowance

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

below 300 120 35.2 35.2 35.2
300 – 599 117 34.3 34.3 69.5
600 – 899 39 11.4 11.4 80.9
Valid
900 and 65 19.1 19.1 100.0
above
Total 341 100.0 100.0

Year level

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

st
Valid 1 year 145 42.5 42.5 42.5
2nd 97 28.4 28.4 71.0
 64

year
3rd year 99 29.0 29.0 100.0
Total 341 100.0 100.0

Civil status
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
Single 331 97.1 97.1 97.1
Marrie 10 2.9 2.9 100.0
Valid
d
Total 341 100.0 100.0

Frequency

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative Percent

Percent
Never 50 14.7 14.7 14.7
Rarely 81 23.8 23.8 38.4
Occasionally 175 51.3 51.3 89.7
Valid
Frequently 24 7.0 7.0 96.8
Very frequent 11 3.2 3.2 100.0
Total 341 100.0 100.0

Purchasing pattern

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Daily 8 2.7 2.7 2.7
Weekly 12 4.1 4.1 6.9
Monthly 24 8.2 8.2 15.1
Valid occasionall 208 71.5 71.5 86.6
y
Yearly 39 13.4 13.4 100.0
Total 291 100.0 100.0

Type of liquor
 65

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative Percent

Percent
Beer 48 16.5 16.5 16.5
Vodka 8 2.7 2.7 19.2
Gin 113 38.8 38.8 58.1
Brandy 8 2.7 2.7 60.8
Valid Rum 8 2.7 2.7 63.6
Wine 49 16.8 16.8 80.4
Mixed liquor drink 41 14.1 14.1 94.5
others 16 5.5 5.5 100.0
Total 291 100.0 100.0

Amount spent

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative Percent

Percent
below 300 243 83.5 83.5 83.5
300 – 599 26 8.9 8.9 92.4
Valid 600 – 899 11 3.8 3.8 96.2
900 and above 11 3.8 3.8 100.0
Total 291 100.0 100.0

Descriptive Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation

Lifestyle 291 1.9702 .88879
Family 291 2.1316 .96032
Peer 291 2.0616 .99700
Social situation 291 2.2598 1.10557
Overall Social Influnce on Liquor Consumption 291 2.1059 .73925
Valid N (listwise) 291

Statistics

Lifestyle 1 Lifestyle 2 Lifestyle 3

Valid 291 291 291
N
Missing 0 0 0
Mean 2.3196 2.0790 1.5120
Std. Deviation 1.18798 1.25283 1.06140

Lifestyle 1
 66

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

1.00 99 34.0 34.0 34.0
2.00 59 20.3 20.3 54.3
3.00 89 30.6 30.6 84.9
Valid
4.00 29 10.0 10.0 94.8
5.00 15 5.2 5.2 100.0
Total 291 100.0 100.0

Lifestyle 2

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

1.00 138 47.4 47.4 47.4
2.00 56 19.2 19.2 66.7
3.00 48 16.5 16.5 83.2
Valid
4.00 34 11.7 11.7 94.8
5.00 15 5.2 5.2 100.0
Total 291 100.0 100.0

Lifestyle 3

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

1.00 218 74.9 74.9 74.9
2.00 33 11.3 11.3 86.3
3.00 19 6.5 6.5 92.8
Valid
4.00 6 2.1 2.1 94.8
5.00 15 5.2 5.2 100.0
Total 291 100.0 100.0

Statistics

Family 1 Family 2 Family 3

291 291 291

Valid
N
Missin 0 0 0
g
2.5533 2.0481 1.7938
Mean
1.39200 1.23362 1.15614
Std. Deviation
 67

Family 1

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

1.00 94 32.3 32.3 32.3
2.00 59 20.3 20.3 52.6
3.00 55 18.9 18.9 71.5
Valid
4.00 49 16.8 16.8 88.3
5.00 34 11.7 11.7 100.0
Total 291 100.0 100.0

Family 2
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
1.00 139 47.8 47.8 47.8
2.00 57 19.6 19.6 67.4
3.00 54 18.6 18.6 85.9
Valid
4.00 24 8.2 8.2 94.2
5.00 17 5.8 5.8 100.0
Total 291 100.0 100.0

Family 3
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
1.00 170 58.4 58.4 58.4
2.00 57 19.6 19.6 78.0
3.00 32 11.0 11.0 89.0
Valid
4.00 18 6.2 6.2 95.2
5.00 14 4.8 4.8 100.0
Total 291 100.0 100.0

Statistics

Peer 1 Peer 2 Peer 3

291 291 291

Valid
N
0 0 0
Missing

1.8385 2.2509 2.0962

Mean
1.14682 1.27399 1.30424
Std. Deviation

Peer 1

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

 68

1.00 160 55.0 55.0 55.0

2.00 62 21.3 21.3 76.3
3.00 39 13.4 13.4 89.7
Valid
4.00 16 5.5 5.5 95.2
5.00 14 4.8 4.8 100.0
Total 291 100.0 100.0
Peer 2
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
1.00 114 39.2 39.2 39.2
2.00 65 22.3 22.3 61.5
3.00 56 19.2 19.2 80.8
Valid
4.00 37 12.7 12.7 93.5
5.00 19 6.5 6.5 100.0
Total 291 100.0 100.0
Peer 3
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
1.00 139 47.8 47.8 47.8
Valid 2.00 57 19.6 19.6 67.4
3.00 46 15.8 15.8 83.2
4.00 26 8.9 8.9 92.1
5.00 23 7.9 7.9 100.0
Total 291 100.0 100.0

Statistics
Social situation 1 Social situation 2 Social situation3
Valid 291 291 291
N
Missing 0 0 0
Mean 2.3196 2.3058 2.1546
Std. Deviation 1.32259 1.29426 1.29194
Social situation 1
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
1.00 113 38.8 38.8 38.8
2.00 59 20.3 20.3 59.1
3.00 54 18.6 18.6 77.7
Valid
4.00 43 14.8 14.8 92.4
5.00 22 7.6 7.6 100.0
Total 291 100.0 100.0
Social situation 2
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 1.00 112 38.5 38.5 38.5
2.00 59 20.3 20.3 58.8
3.00 58 19.9 19.9 78.7
 69

4.00 43 14.8 14.8 93.5

5.00 19 6.5 6.5 100.0
Total 291 100.0 100.0
Social situation3
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
1.00 129 44.3 44.3 44.3
2.00 62 21.3 21.3 65.6
3.00 46 15.8 15.8 81.4
Valid
4.00 34 11.7 11.7 93.1
5.00 20 6.9 6.9 100.0
Total 291 100.0 100.0

Descriptives
Overall Social Influnce on Liquor
Consumption

Std.
N Mean Deviation
17 – 18
52 2.1235 .67673
19 – 20
148 2.1018 .63081
21 – 22
78 2.0971 .91968
23 and above
13 2.1346 .97768
Total
291 2.1059 .73925

ANOVA
Overall Social Influnce on Liquor Consumption
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups .035 3 .012 .021 .996
Within Groups 158.449 287 .552
Total 158.484 290

Group Statistics
 70

Sex N Mean Std. Std. Error

Deviation Mean
Overall Social Influnce on Liquor Male 89 2.3322 .83866 .08890
Consumption Female 202 2.0061 .66922 .04709

Independent Samples Test

Levene’s
Test for
Equality
of
Variance
s t-test for Equality of Means
95%
Confidence
Interval of
Sig. Std. the
(2- Mean Error Difference
Si taile Differe Differe Low Upp
F g. T df d) nce nce er er
Overall Equal
Social varian
5.9 .0 3.5 .00 .144 .507
Influnce ces 289 .32611 .09224
11 16 35 0 56 66
on assu
Liquor med
Consum Equal
ption varian
ces 3.2 139. .00 .127 .525
.32611 .10060
not 42 496 1 22 00
assu
med

Descriptives
Overall Social Influnce on Liquor
Consumption

N Mean Std. Deviation

below 300 103 2.1417 .75613
300 – 599 100 2.0772 .77244
600 – 899 31 2.0806 .61335
900 and above 57 2.1053 .72676
Total 291 2.1059 .73925

ANOVA
Overall Social Influnce on Liquor Consumption
Sum of Squares df Mean F Sig.
 71

Square
Between Groups .234 3 .078 .141 .935
Within Groups 158.250 287 .551
Total 158.484 290

Descriptives
Overall Social Influnce on Liquor
Consumption

N Mean Std. Deviation

st
1 year 126 2.1779 .64028
2nd year 83 2.1233 .87770
3rd year 82 1.9777 .72047
Total 291 2.1059 .73925

ANOVA
Overall Social Influnce on Liquor Consumption
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 2.025 2 1.013 1.864 .157
Within Groups 156.458 288 .543
Total 158.484 290

Group Statistics
Civil N Mean Std. Std. Error
status Deviation Mean
Overall Social Influnce on Single 283 2.1094 .74465 .04427
Liquor Consumption Married 6 1.8067 .47672 .19462

Independent Samples Test

Levene’s
Test for
Equality
of
Variance
s t-test for Equality of Means
F Si T df Sig. Mean Std. 95%
g. (2- Differe Error Confidence
taile nce Differe Interval of
d) nce the
 72

Difference
Low Upp
er er
Overall Equal
Social varian
1.2 .2 .99 .32 -.29 .904
Influnce ces 287 .30277 .30563
91 57 1 3 878 32
on assum
Liquor ed
Consum Equal
ption varian
ces 1.5 5.5 .18 -.19 .801
.30277 .19959
not 17 30 4 585 38
assum
ed

Descriptives

Overall Social Influnce on Liquor

Consumption

N Mean Std. Deviation

Rarely 81 1.9651 .69026
Occasionally 175 2.0946 .73593
Frequently 24 2.4096 .70209
Very frequent 11 2.6600 .87024
Total 291 2.1059 .73925

ANOVA
Overall Social Influnce on Liquor Consumption
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 7.220 3 2.407 4.566 .004
Within Groups 151.264 287 .527
Total 158.484 290

Overall Social Influnce on Liquor Consumption

a,b
Tukey HSD
Frequency N Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2
Rarely 81 1.9651
Occasionally 175 2.0946
Frequently 24 2.4096 2.4096
 73

Very frequent 11 2.6600

Sig. .117 .591
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 26.554.
b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used.
Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

Descriptives
Overall Social Influnce on Liquor
Consumption

Std.
N Mean Deviation
Daily
8 2.4063 .85797
Weekly
12 2.6883 .80125
Monthly
24 2.1800 .62710
Occasionally
208 2.1105 .74255
Yearly
39 1.7946 .61515
Total
291 2.1059 .73925

ANOVA
Overall Social Influnce on Liquor Consumption
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 8.708 4 2.177 4.157 .003
Within Groups 149.776 286 .524
Total 158.484 290

Overall Social Influnce on Liquor Consumption

Tukey HSDa,b
Purchasing pattern N Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2
Yearly 39 1.7946
Occasionally 208 2.1105 2.1105
Monthly 24 2.1800 2.1800
Daily 8 2.4063 2.4063
Weekly 12 2.6883
Sig. .088 .123
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 17.829.
b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used.
 74

Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

Descriptives
Overall Social Influnce on Liquor
Consumption

Std.
N Mean Deviation
Beer
48 2.3313 .85991
Vodka
8 1.7300 .40799
Gin
113 2.2515 .75538
Brandy
8 2.0525 .59521
Rum
8 2.4588 .86921
Wine
49 1.8739 .67676
Mixed liquor drink
41 1.8556 .49348
Others
16 1.7913 .59954
Total
291 2.1059 .73925

ANOVA
Overall Social Influnce on Liquor Consumption
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 13.773 7 1.968 3.848 .001
Within Groups 144.711 283 .511
Total 158.484 290

Correlations
Social
Lifestyle Family Peer situation
Frequency Pearson
.265** .135* .084 .139*
Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .021 .153 .018
N 291 291 291 291
Purchasing Pearson -.322** -.129* -.09 -.102
 75

pattern Correlation 2
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .027 .117 .082
N 291 291 291 291
Amount spent Pearson -.04
.148* .105 .036
Correlation 2
Sig. (2-tailed) .012 .075 .473 .538
N 291 291 291 291
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Appendix Table 1. Likert-scale analysis for the level of influence of the social
factors towards the participants’ consumption of liquor
products
 76

FREQUENCY AND PERCENT

f (%) MEAN
VARIABLES TOTAL (±
S.D.)
1 2 3 4 5
Lifestyle

1. I actively participate
in social events and 99 59 89 29 15 291 2.32
nightlife. (34.0) (20.3) (30.6) (10.0) (5.2) (± 1.19)

2. Academic
2.08
pressures and
138 56 48 34 15 291 (± 1.25)
other stressors
influence my (47.5) (19.2) (16.5) (11.7) (5.2)
consumption of
liquor/alcoholic
beverages.

3. I am experiencing
addiction to 218 33 19 6 15 291 1.51
gateway drugs (74.9) (11.3) (6.5) (2.1) (5.2) (± 1.06)
such as tobacco
and alcohol/liquor.

Family

1 . 1. I grew up in a family 94 59 55 49 34 291 2.55

of heavy drinkers. (32.3) (20.3) (18.9) (16.8) (11.7) (± 1.39)

2. My family problems 139 57 54 24 17 291 2.05

lead to consumption of
(47.8) (19.6) (18.6) (8.2) (5.8) (± 1.23)
liquor/alcoholic products.

3 . Lack of family
supervision and 170 57 32 18 14 291 1.79
guidance led to my (58.4) (19.6) (11.0) (6.2) (4.8) (± 1.16)
openness to
liquor/alcohol
consumption.

Appendix Table 1. Continued

FREQUENCY AND PERCENT f
 77

MEAN
VARIABLES (%) TOTAL (±
S.D.)
1 2 3 4 5
Peer Groups/Circle
1. Fear of being
outcasted of the peer 160 62 39 16 14 291 1.84
group led to my (55.0) (21.3) (13.4) (5.5) (4.8) (± 1.15)
consumption of
liquor/alcoholic products
2. Common mindset 114 65 56 37 19 291 2.25
within the peer group
(39.2) (22.3) (19.2) (12.7) (6.5) (± 1.27)
about alcohol intake
greatly influenced my
perception on
liquor/alcohol
consumption.
3. My wrong
impression and/or 139 57 46 26 23 291 2.10
choice of peer (47.8) (19.6) (15.8) (8.9) (7.9) (± 1.30)
groups/circle led to
introduction of
liquor/alcohol
consumption.

Social Situation

1. Availability and ease

of access to 113 59 54 43 22 291 2.32
liquor/alcoholic (38.8) (20.3) (18.6) (14.8) (7.6) (± 1.32)
products led to
consumption and/or
abuse.
2 Constant invitations 112 59 58 43 19 291 2.31
from my neighbors (38.5) (20.3) (19.9) (14.8) (6.5) (± 1.29)
led to consumption
of liquor/alcoholic
products.
3. Stressful
environments such 129 62 46 34 20 291 2.15
as hectic schedules (44,3) (21.3) (15.8) (11.7) (6.9) (± 1.29)
in school led to
consumption of
liquor/alcoholic
products.
 78

Age of the Participants

17-18 19-20 21-22 23 and above

Sex

male female
 79

Year level

1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year

Weekly Allowance

Below Php 300 Php 300- Php 599 Php 600- Php 899 Php 900 and above
 80

civil status

single married
 81

QUESTIONNAIRE: INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL FACTORS TOWARDS THE

CONSUMPTION OF LIQUOR PRODUCTS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS IN
NAIC, CAVITE

Name (optional) _________________ Date:__________________

I.DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE. Below is the checklist for profiling, please put the
checkmark on the line provided for your answers.

Please check (✓) the appropriate category/categories that correspond to your

answer.

1. Age
( ) 17-18
( ) 19-20
( ) 21-22
( ) 23 and above

2. Sex
( ) male
( ) female

3. Weekly allowance
( ) below Php 300.00
( ) 300.00 – Php 599.00
( ) 600.00 – Php 899.00
( ) 900.00 and above

4. Year level
( ) 1st Year
( ) 2nd Year
( ) 3rd Year

5. Civil status
( ) single
( ) married
( ) widow/widower
( ) legally separated
 82

II. DETERMINING THE FREQUENCY- Direction: Below are questions that talk
about some aspects considered in the consumption of alcoholic beverages/ liquor
products. Please put a checkmark on the space provided that corresponds to your
answer.

1. How frequent do you consume alcoholic beverages/liquor products?

□ Never
□ Rarely (once or twice a year)
□ Occasionally (during special occasions)
□ Frequently (once or twice a month)
□ Very frequently (once or twice a week)

2. How frequent do you buy alcoholic beverages/liquor products?

□ Daily
□ Weekly
□ Monthly
□ Occasionally
□ Yearly

3. What type of alcoholic beverage do you mostly prefer?

□ Beer
□ Vodka
□ Gin
□ Brandy
□ Rum
□ Wine
□ Mixed liquor drink
□ Others (please specify): ____________

4. How much is the average amount you spend in buying alcoholic

beverages/liquor products?
□ below Php 300.00
□ 300.00 – Php 599.00
□ 600.00 – Php 899.00
□ 900.00 and above
 83

III. SOCIAL FACTORS- Direction: Below are a set of statements that corresponds
to the social factors that influence the consumption of liquor among college students
in the Municipality of Naic, Cavite. Please put a checkmark on the spaces provided
that corresponds to your level of agreement.

3- Strongly Disagree
2- Disagree

3- Neither Agree Nor Disagree

4- Agree

5- Strongly Agree

Lifestyle

Statement 1 2 3 4 5

1.I actively participate in social events and

nightlife. (Madalas akong dumadalo sa mga
pagtitipon at ako ay may aktibong “night life.)

2.Academic pressures and other stressors

influence my consumption of liquor/alcoholic
beverages. (Ang “stress” sa mga gawaing
akademiko at iba pang tulad nito ay nagdudulot sa
aking pag-inom ng mga inuming may lcohol/alak.)

3.I am experiencing addiction to gateway drugs

such as tobacco and alcohol/liquor. (Ako ay
nakakaranas ng pagkaadik sa mga hindi lcoholg
bisyo tulad ng tabako at inuming may lcohol/alak.)

Family

Statement 1 2 3 4 5

1.I Grew up in a family of heavy drinkers. (Ako ay lumaki sa

isang pamilya ng mga mahilig uminom.)

2.My family problems lead to consumption of

liquor/alcoholic products. (Ang mga problema sa pamilya
ay humahantong sa pagkonsumo ng mga produktong
 84

alak/lcohol.)

3.Lack of family supervision and guidance led to my

openness to liquor/alcohol consumption. (Ang kakulangan
sa pangangasiwa at paggabay ng pamilya ay humantong
sa pagiging bukas ko lcoho-inom ng alak/lcohol.)

Peer Groups/Circle

Statement 1 2 3 4 5

1.Fear of being outcasted of the peer group led to my

consumption of liquor/alcoholic products. (Ang takot na
hindi mapasama sa isang grupo ng kaibigan/barkada
ay humantong sa aking pagkonsumo ng mga
produktong alak/lcohol.)

2.Common mindset within the peer group about alcohol

intake greatly influenced my perception on
liquor/alcohol consumption. (Ang karaniwang pag-iisip
sa loob ng grupo ng kaibigan /barkada tungkol lcoho-
inom ng alak ay lubos na nakaimpluwensya sa aking
pananaw lcoho-inom ng alak/lcohol.)

3.My wrong impression and/or choice of peer

groups/circle led to introduction of liquor/alcohol
consumption. (Ang maling pagpili ko ng mga grupo ng
kaibigan/barkada ay humantong sa pagpapakilala ng
pag-inom ng alak/inuming may lcohol.)

Social Situation

Statement 1 2 3 4 5

1.Availability and ease of access to liquor/alcoholic

products led to consumption and/or abuse. (Ang
pagkakaroon at kadalian ng pag-access sa mga
produktong alak/inuming may lcohol ay humantong sa
pagkonsumo at/o pang-aabuso.)

2.Constant invitations from my neighbors led to

consumption of liquor/alcoholic products. (Ang patuloy
na imbitasyon mula sa mga kapitbahay ay humantong
sa pagkonsumo ko ng mga produktong alak/inuming
 85

may lcohol.)

3.Stressful environments such as hectic schedules in

school led to consumption of liquor/alcoholic products.
(Ang mga nakababahalang kapaligiran tulad ng abalang
mga iskedyul sa paaralan ay humantong sa
pagkonsumo ng mga produktong alak/inuming may
lcohol.)
 86

DOCUMENTATION

Cavite State University Naic

Westpoint Colleges Inc.

 87

RAIZA MARITONI I. GIGANTE

#0006 D. Silang St. Muzon, Naic
Cavite (4110), Philippines
raizagigante185@gmail.com/09089139692

Objective

□ To apply my knowledge and skills in an oriented environment that gives

equal career opportunity based on skills and performance.
□ To gain work experience and to work well with people, which allow me to
grow personally, and professionally.

Personal Background

Date of Birth : August 04, 2002 Place of Birth: Novaliches, Quezon City
Height: 5’2” Civil Status : Single
Religion : Catholic Age: 20 years old
Citizenship : Filipino
Father’s Name: Jose Emerson A. Gigante Occupation : Driver
Contact No : 09509061378

Mother’s Name: Maricon I. Gigante Occupation : Factory Worker

Contact No : 09203677805

Educational Background

COLLEGE: 2020-Present

Bachelor of Science in Business Management Major in Marketing

Cavite State University - Naic
Bucana Malaki, Naic, Cavite

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: 2018-2020

Notre Dame of Trece Martires
Don Bosco Exec. Village Cabuco, Trece Martires City, Cavite
 88

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: 2014-2018

Bucal National High School

Bucal II, Maragondon, Cavite

PRIMARY EDUCATION: 2008-2014

Muzon Elementary School

Seminars Attended

● Career and Business Growth: Making Innovation a Daily Habit

January 20, 2023

● Undergraduate Thesis Writing

April 27, 2023

Character References

Mrs. Rhonalyn C. Papa

Instructor

Cavite State University Naic Campus

Bucana Malaki Naic, Cavite

I hereby certify that the statement above is true and correct to the
best of my knowledge and capacity.

RAIZA MARITONI I. GIGANTE

SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME

 89

RENCRIS D. BERONES
Harbor Homes, Halang, Naic, Cavite
Cavite (4110), Philippines
rencrisberones09192001@gmail.com/09272518081

Objective

□ To secure a challenging position in a progressive company, leveraging my

skills for professional development and contributing collaboratively to
achieve organizational goals.

Personal Background

Date of Birth : September 19, 2001 Place of Birth: Dasmariñas, Cavite

Height: 5’5” Civil Status : Single
Religion : Catholic Age: 22 years old
Citizenship : Filipino
Father’s Name: Renato Berones, jr. Occupation : Broker in pier
Contact No : N/A

Mother’s Name: Cristina D. Berones Occupation : Housewife

Contact No : N/A

Educational Background

COLLEGE: 2020-Present

Bachelor of Science in Business Management Major in Marketing

Cavite State University - Naic
Bucana Malaki, Naic, Cavite

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: 2018-2020

Kingsway Christian Academe
 90

Barangay San Roque, Naic, Cavite

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: 2014-2018

Naic National High School

Barangay Halang, Naic, Cavite

PRIMARY EDUCATION: 2008-2014

Rosario Almario Elementary School
Tondo, Manila

Seminars Attended

● Career and Business Growth: Making Innovation a Daily Habit

January 20, 2023

● Undergraduate Thesis Writing

April 27, 2023

Character References

Mrs. Rhonalyn C. Papa

Instructor

Cavite State University Naic Campus

Bucana Malaki Naic, Cavite

I hereby certify that the statement above is true and correct to the
best of my knowledge and capacity.

RENCRIS D. BERONES

SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME

 91

VINCENT RAPHAEL R. DIRAIN

Barangay San Juan 1, Ternate, Cavite
Cavite (4111), Philippines
dirain.vincentraphael@cvsu.edu.ph/09279138199

Objective

□ To apply my knowledge and skills in a field where I can grow, adapt, and
develop, nurturing my future and the future of the company.

Personal Background

Date of Birth : March 26, 2002 Place of Birth: Manila

Height: 5’7.5” Civil Status : Single
Religion : Catholic Age: 21 years old
Citizenship : Filipino
Father’s Name: Edelson S. Dirain Occupation : Machine Technician
Contact No : 09552157034

Mother’s Name: Ludivina R. Dirain Occupation : Social Worker

Contact No : 09272212027

Educational Background

COLLEGE: 2020-Present

Bachelor of Science in Business Management Major in Marketing

Cavite State University - Naic
Bucana Malaki, Naic, Cavite

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: 2018-2020

 92

La Vlaize Integrated Science School

A. Soriano Hi-way, Naic, Cavite

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: 2016-2018

Bucal National High School

Barangay Bucal 2, Maragondon, Cavite

PRIMARY EDUCATION: 2008-2014

Dr. Alejandro Albert Elementary School
Sampaloc, Manila

Seminars Attended

● Career and Business Growth: Making Innovation a Daily Habit

January 20, 2023

● Undergraduate Thesis Writing

April 27, 2023

Character References

Mrs. Rhonalyn C. Papa

Instructor

Cavite State University Naic Campus

Bucana Malaki Naic, Cavite

I hereby certify that the statement above is true and correct to the
best of my knowledge and capacity.

VINCENT RAPHAEL R. DIRAIN

 93

SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME