How can we define science?

1. Science as an Idea – it includes ideas, theories, and all available systematic

explanations and observations about the natural and physical world.

Explanation:

- "Science as an idea" is like having a big toolbox full of concepts and explanations for how
things work in the world. Inside this toolbox, you'll find ideas, theories, and organized
explanations about everything around us—the plants, animals, stars, and even tiny
particles.

Imagine you're trying to understand why the sky is blue. Scientists have ideas and
theories about it—they've observed how sunlight interacts with Earth's atmosphere and
come up with explanations for why it looks blue to us. This is just one example of how
science as an idea helps us make sense of the world.

So, think of science as a giant puzzle where we're always trying to fit together the pieces
of information we have to get a clearer picture of how everything fits together. And the
more we learn and discover, the more complete our understanding becomes. That's what
science as an idea is all about—using our brains to explore and explain the mysteries of the
universe.

2. Science as an Intellectual activity – it encompasses a systematic and practical study of

the natural and physical world. This process of study involves systematic observation and
experimentation.

Explanation:

"Science as an intellectual activity" simply means that it's a way of using our brains to
understand the world around us. It involves studying the natural world (like animals, plants,
and how things work) and the physical world (like matter and energy).

This studying is done in a systematic and practical way, meaning scientists follow organized
steps and do hands-on experiments to learn. They carefully observe things, like how plants
grow or how chemicals react, and they test their ideas through experiments.

So, think of it like this: scientists are like detectives trying to solve a mystery about how
the world works. They collect clues by watching and testing things, and then they piece
together those clues to figure out the answers. That's what science as an intellectual
activity is all about—using our brains to explore and understand the wonders of our
universe.
3. Science as an body of knowledge – it is a subject or discipline, a field of study, or a
body of knowledge that deals with the process of learning about the natural and physical
world. This is what we refer to as school science.

Explanation:

"Science as a body of knowledge" means it's like a big treasure chest full of information
about the natural and physical world. It's like a subject you study in school, where you
learn about how things work, why they behave the way they do, and how they're connected.

When we talk about "school science," we mean the stuff you learn in science classes—like
biology, chemistry, and physics. In these classes, you discover all sorts of fascinating
facts and ideas about everything from plants and animals to atoms and planets.

So, imagine science as a huge bookshelf filled with books, each containing valuable
knowledge about different aspects of the world. And when you study science in school,
you're basically diving into those books to understand more about our amazing universe.

4. Science as a personal and social activity – this explains that science is both knowledge
and activities done by human beings to develop better understanding of the world around
them. It is a means to improve life and to survive in life. It is interwoven with people’s
lives.

Explanation:

"Science as a personal and social activity" means that science isn't just something you
learn or do in a lab—it's something people use every day to understand the world and make
life better.

Think about it like this: Imagine you're trying to figure out how to grow bigger tomatoes in
your garden. You might use science by experimenting with different types of soil or
fertilizer to see which works best. That's science as a personal activity—it's something
you're doing to solve a problem or learn more about the world around you.

But science isn't just for individuals—it's also something that connects us as a society. For
example, scientists work together to develop vaccines to protect us from diseases, or
engineers collaborate to build safer bridges and buildings. So, science is also a social
activity—it brings people together to share knowledge, solve problems, and make life
better for everyone.

In short, whether you're experimenting in your own backyard or working with a team of
researchers, science is all about exploring, understanding, and improving the world we live
in.
 Human beings have embarked in scientific activities in order to know and
understand everything around them. They have persistently observed and studied
the natural and the physical world in order to find meanings and seek answers to
many questions. They have developed noble ideas, later known as philosophy, to
provide alternative or possible explanations to certain phenomena. Humans also used
religion to rationalize the origins of life and all lifeless forms.

Explanation:

Humans have always been inquisitive beings who have always wanted to learn more
about the world they live in. They began examining and studying everything—plants,
animals, stars, you name it—in an effort to quell their curiosity and make sense of it all.
They put a lot of effort into researching topics such as "How do plants grow?" and
"Why does the sun rise and set?"

Humans developed a wide range of hypotheses and theories to describe what they
observed as they observed and learned. Some of these concepts evolved into what is
today known as philosophy, which is essentially just another term for "intense
contemplation" or "attempting to grasp life's major mysteries." Philosophers would
therefore provide answers to questions like why we are here and what happens to us
when we die.

However, mankind did not stop there. In order to better understand the world, they
also resorted to religion. Religion provided answers to questions about the origins of
life and the causes of catastrophic calamities. People thought that these things were
the work of gods or higher powers who shaped and guided the planet.

In conclusion, people have always sought to comprehend the world around them. To help
them understand the secrets of the cosmos and discover the answers to life's major
problems, they have employed philosophy, science, and religion as instruments.

 The idea of scientific revolution is claimed to have started in the early 16 th century
up to the 18th century in Europe.
(the explanation is in the book, the one with "why Europe”)
Influences to scientific revolution

 Scientific Revolution
- was the period of enlightenment when the developments in the fields of
mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed the views of
society about nature.
- it explained the emergence or birth of modern science as a result of these
developments from the disciples mentioned.
- this idea generated during this period enabled the people to reflect, rethink, and
reexamine their beliefs and their way of life. There is no doubt that it ignited vast
human interests to rethink how they do science and view scientific process.

Explanation:

The Scientific Revolution was comparable to a historical lightbulb moment. It occurred at

a period of extraordinary scientific progress in fields including chemistry, biology, physics,
arithmetic, and astronomy. These discoveries fundamentally altered peoples' perceptions
of the natural world and their surroundings. It was as though a switch was flipped, and
people's perspectives on the world abruptly changed.

Modern science emerged during this era of enlightenment. People started to doubt
conventional wisdom and conceptions of the world. They began to approach problems with
greater scientific and critical thinking. There was a great deal of interest and curiosity
about how science is conducted and how we interpret the world because of this new way of
thinking.

In essence, the Scientific Revolution was a period when people began to question
everything they had previously believed to be true about science and nature. It was akin to
turning on a brilliant light that revealed fresh concepts and avenues for investigation,
ushering in the current era of science.

 Scientific revolution
- was the golden age for people committed to scholarly life in science but it was
also a deeply trying moment to some scientific individuals that led to their painful
death or condemnation from the religious institutions who tried to preserve their
faith, religion, and theological views.
- some rulers and religious leaders did not accept many of the early works of
scientists. But these did not stop people especially scientists to satisfy their
curiosity of the natural and physical world.

Explanation:
For those who were passionate about science education, the Scientific Revolution was an
extremely exciting moment. They were expanding our understanding and producing a ton of
incredible discoveries. However, several scientists found it to be an extremely difficult
period.

You see, religious organizations held a lot of power in those days, and they weren't always
in agreement with the findings of these scientists. Occasionally, the theories being
developed by scientists ran counter to the doctrines that the religious authorities want to
maintain. As a result, some scientists suffered grave repercussions, including execution or
retribution from religious authorities.

It was unsuccessful for some monarchs and religious leaders to halt the dissemination of
new scientific concepts. Despite danger, scientists continued to explore and discover new
things because people remained incredibly curious about the world around them.

Therefore, even though some scientists found the Scientific Revolution to be difficult, it
didn't stop them from pursuing their interest and making an effort to comprehend the
natural world. They were resolved to keep moving forward in spite of all the challenges
they encountered.

 Scientific revolution is very significant in the development of human beings,

transformation of the society, and in the formulation of scientific ideas. It
significantly improved the conduct of scientific investigations, experiments, and
observations. The scientific revolutions also led to the creation of new research
fields in science and promoted the establishment of a strong foundation to modern
science. In many ways, scientific revolution transformed the natural world and the
world of ideas.

Explanation:

Because it brought about so many changes for society and for people in general, the
Scientific Revolution was one of the most significant periods in history. It changed
people's perspectives on the world and how they generated new ideas.

The way scientists carried out their work was one significant difference. They began
carrying out their observations and experiments in a more planned, methodical manner. As
a result, their research became more trustworthy and more productive in terms of finding
new information.

In addition, the Scientific Revolution gave rise to entirely new scientific disciplines.
Studies in fields like as biology, chemistry, and physics became far more in-depth than
they had previously. This established the foundation for contemporary science as we know
it.

All things considered, the natural world and the intellectual world were greatly impacted
by the Scientific Revolution. It set off a chain reaction of inquisitiveness and exploration
that altered the path of history and paved the way for many subsequent scientific
discoveries.