Pancreas

By Armaan , Anmol &Anmol

Parts and relations of each part
HEAD

External features and relations

The head of the pancreas consists of :
1.Three borders
The three borders are:
a)Superior border
b)The inferior border
c)The right lateral border
2. Two surfaces
Two surfaces are :
a) Anterior
b) Posterior
3. One process
a)The unicate process
NECK

The neck consists of the following features

1.Two surface
a)anterior surface
b) posterior surface
BODY

Body consists of the

following 1.three borders
a) anterior border
b) superior border
c) inferior border
BODY

2.three surface:
a)anterior surface
b)posterior surface
c) inferior surface
One process : tuberculum omentale
TAIL

Is related to lower part of the gastric surface

of spleen
 Ducts of Pancreas
Two ducts
1) main pancreatic duct
2) Accessory pancreatic duct

Main pancreatic duct begin from the Tail of pancreas travels the whole
length of pancreas, in the neck, it turns down one and then towards
right to open in Duodenum via major papilla
This is the only duct in 90% of the cases

Accessory pancreatic duct arises from lower part of head of pancreas

run upwardand and medial crossing front of main duct and open in
minor duodenal papilla above the major papilla sometime it joins with
main pancreatic duct
Arterial supply
 Blood supply

There are three main arteries are

1.Mainly the splenic artery especially arterial
magna and arteria cauda pancreatic
2.Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
3.Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Blood supply

There are three main veins

1.Portal vein
2.Splenic vein
3.Superior messenteric veins
Venous supply
Nerve supply
Parasympathetic : the vagus nerve which
controls secretion
Sympathetic: coeliac and superior messenteric
plexus
The secretion is also controlled by hormone
secretin pancreozymine
Lymphatic drainage
Head and neck :ventral and dorsal
pancreaticoduodenal grp on
Body and tail: pancreatico splenic ln
Efferents to coeliac and superior messenteric ln
Development of pancreas
●Pancreas development occurs from 2 buds
Ventral pancreatic bud
Dorsal pancreatic bud

●Cshaped loop is formed at the junction of the foregut and

midgut
●Primitive bile duct and ventral bud develop exactly from
junction of foregut and midgut
●Ventral and anterior structure comes to right
●Dorsal and posterior structures comes to the left
●Ventral bud undergoes 180 rotation along the posterior aspect
of duodenum
●It fuses with dorsal bud to form complete pancreatic mass
●LARGER DORSAL BUD forms the following
1) Part of head
2) Neck
3) Body
4) Tail
SMALL VENTRAL BUD FORMS the following
1.Lower part of the head of the pancreas
2.Unicate process
Formation of ducts in pancreas

Duct of wirsung Duct of sartonni

Formed by 3 parts Formed by
Distal portion of the dorsal Proximal part of duct of
bud dorsal bud
Oblique communication
Proximal portion of duct of
ventral bud
 Embryological anomaly

The complex process by which the dorsal and

ventral pancreatic primordia fuse during
pancreatic development gives rise to congenital
variation
Pancreas divisum

Most common clinically significant

Incidence of 3% to 10%

Caused by a failure of the fetal duct systems of

the dorsal and ventral pancreatic primordia to
fuse
 Ectopic pancreas

Found in about 2% autopsy specimen

Sites for ectopia are stomach and duodenum,

followed by the jejunum, Meckel diverticula, and
ileum
May cause pain from localized inflammation, or,
rarely, may incite mucosal bleeding

Approximately 2% of islet cell tumors arise in

ectopic pancreatic tissue.