Biology

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Name …………………………………………………..………….. Class …………………..

End of Stage 8 exam-style questions

1 Complete this word equation for aerobic respiration.
glucose + .......................... → carbon dioxide + .......................... + energy released [2]

2 Pedro and Alma were investigating the respiration of yeast. They predicted that if
yeast was given more glucose then it would respire faster.
They set up the apparatus shown in the diagram.

The students set up the apparatus with four different concentrations of glucose. They
left the apparatus until the bubbles of carbon dioxide appeared at a steady rate. They
then counted the number of bubbles per minute for three minutes. Their results are in
the table.

Percentage Number of bubbles per minute

concentration
Minute 1 Minute 2 Minute 3 Mean average
of glucose
5 6 8 4 6.0
10 8 10 13 10.3
15 18 21 23 20.7
20 28 32 29

a. Complete the table by calculating the mean average for 20% glucose. [1]
b. State two variables that Pedro and Alma should have kept constant.
.............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

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Name …………………………………………………..………….. Class …………………..

c. Explain why the bubbling rate increases as the percentage concentration of

glucose increases.
.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

3 This diagram shows a fetus towards the end of pregnancy.

a. Label the structures A to D on the diagram. [5]

b. Explain how the fetus obtains its nutrients and gets rid of its carbon dioxide.
.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

c. The fetus moves about inside the womb. State the likely position of the fetus at the
very end of pregnancy if birth is to proceed normally.
............................................................................................................................. [1]

d. Harmful substances can reach the fetus while it is developing. Explain the likely
harm to the fetus if its mother smokes cigarettes and drinks alcohol.
.............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

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Name …………………………………………………..………….. Class …………………..

4 Scientists extracted an enzyme from some bacteria. They discovered that the
enzyme was involved with the digestion of protein. They made a solution of the
enzyme extract and a solution of protein and used these to investigate the activity of
the enzyme at different temperatures. They presented their results in this graph.

a. i) State the temperature at which the activity of the enzyme is at its fastest.
........................................................................................................................ [1]

ii) Describe what happens to the activity of the enzyme as the temperature
increases from 0 °C to 90 °C.
........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ [3]

b. i) State two variables that the scientists should have kept constant in their
investigation to ensure their results were valid.
........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ [2]

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Name …………………………………………………..………….. Class …………………..

ii) Explain why bacteria need enzymes.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ [3]

........................................................................................................................

5 As part of a class investigation, Abdul and Ahmed tested various foods to see which
nutrients they contained. Their results are in the table.

Reagent / test Results obtained

Food A Food B Food C
Benedict’s solution Light green colour Blue colour Red colour with a
precipitate
Biuret solution Purple colour Purple colour Blue colour
Iodine solution Blue-black Yellow colour Yellow colour
Food rubbed onto No change Greasy spot No change
filter paper and left to
dry

a. Abdul and Ahmed made a table to indicate the nutrients present in the foods.
Complete this table to show the nutrients in foods A, B and C.

Nutrient Food A Food B Food C

Present

Protein

Not present

Fat

[4]
b. Using secondary sources, Abdul and Ahmed discovered the guideline daily
allowances (GDAs) for five nutrients. They estimated their intake of these nutrients
and compared them with the GDAs. They discovered the following:
 Their diets are low in vitamin A, C and iron.
 They do not have much vitamin D in their diet but both spend plenty of time out of
doors in the sunshine.

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Name …………………………………………………..………….. Class …………………..

 Their calcium intake is just over the GDA for their age.
i) State the deficiency diseases that the boys are at risk of developing.
........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ [3]

ii) Explain why it does not matter that their intake of vitamin D is below the GDA.
........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ [2]

iii) State one function of calcium in the body.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

6 The following passage was written for a textbook. Some key words about the
structure and function of leaves are missing. Fill in the missing words.

The main function of leaves is to carry out the process of ................................ . This

process occurs mostly in the ................................ mesophyll cells, which are just

beneath the upper epidermis. These cells are adapted for carrying out this process

because they have many green organelles called ................................ and they have

long thin shapes. Carbon dioxide is one of the raw materials that leaves require. It

enters the leaves of land-dwelling plants through ................................ in the lower

epidermis. [4]

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Name …………………………………………………..………….. Class …………………..

7 A crop scientist used an infrared gas analyser to measure the concentration of

carbon dioxide between the leaves of sugar cane growing on a farm. She collected
results over a 24-hour period from midnight to midnight. Her results are shown in this
graph.

a. Describe the changes in carbon dioxide concentration over the 24-hour period.
.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

b. Explain why the concentration of carbon dioxide changes between:

i) 00.00 and 12.00
........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ [2]

ii) 12.00 and 24.00

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ [2]

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Exam-style questions

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Name …………………………………………………..………….. Class …………………..

a. Match the parts of the human alimentary canal with the processes that occur in it.

Part Process
a Mouth 1 Production of enzymes that function in
the small intestine
b Stomach 2 Peristalsis to move food into the
stomach
c Large intestine 3 Digestion of protein
d Pancreas 4 Mixing of food with saliva
e Oesophagus 5 Absorption of water to form faeces
[5]
b. There are many villi inside the alimentary canal. This diagram shows the structure
of one villus.

i) Name the part of the alimentary canal where villi are found.
........................................................................................................................ [1]

ii) State three food nutrients that are absorbed into the blood by the villi.
........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ [3]

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Name …………………………………………………..………….. Class …………………..

iii) State two ways in which the structure helps villi absorb food nutrients.
........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ [2]

iv) Name the part of the blood that transports the absorbed food nutrients.
........................................................................................................................ [1]

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