vii

Dedicated
to
My Mother
Mrs. Usha Devi
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This thesis is the result of relentless support and blessings of my family and my su-
pervisor. Firstly, I want to acknowledge Lord Vishwanath for His blessings that provided
me with the power to overcome all the hurdles in my academic pursuits. I express my
immense gratitude to my esteemed supervisor Prof. Santwana Mukhopadhyay, Depart-
ment of Mathematical Sciences, IIT (BHU) for providing me the constant inspiration,
suggestions and encouragement during the period of my PhD work. Her helping nature
and proper guidance have provided me with an excellent academic environment in which
I could be motivated to excel. Moreover, she has been always accessible and willing to
extend her help at any time for my research work. I consider myself incredibly fortunate
to have a supervisor who has always given priority to the research work . She has also
supported me in all ways to improve my overall personality as a researcher.

I would like to extend my thanks to Prof. T Som, Head of Department of Mathe-

matical Sciences and Prof. L P Singh, former Head of Department for their support
throughout my research work. I present my deep sense of gratitude to all the faculty
members of the department for their time to time discussion and encouragement. I am
especially thankful to my RPEC members Prof. Subir Das, Department of Mathematical
Sciences and Dr. Pabitra Ranjan Maiti, Associate Professor, Department of Civil En-
gineering for their continuous guidance, constructive suggestions and motivation during
this period.

I am sincerely thankful to my seniors Dr. Bharti Kumari, Dr. Shashi Kant, Dr.
Anil Kumar, for helping me with their creative discussions and guidance to improve
the quality of my research work. I especially thank Ms. Manushi Gupta for stimulating
discussions, suggestions and cooperation that has immensely helped me in my research
work. I thank my juniors, Mr. Harendra Kumar, Mr. Robin Vikram Singh, Mr.
Bhagwan Singh, Ms. Komal Jangid and Mr. Md Arzoo Jamal for maintaining a friendly
 Acknowledgments

and supportive environment for the research work. I also like to thank my dear friends,
Dr. Anil Kumar Shukla, Mr. Abhishek Singh, Dr. Anup Singh, Dr. Avinash Dixit, Dr.
Pankaj Gautam, Dr. Rahul Maurya, Dr. Rakesh Kumar, Dr. Sumit and Dr. Vinita
Devi, Dr. Swati Yadav, and Dr. Anuwedita Singh for providing the moral support and
also for keeping me in good spirits. I thank all the research scholars of the department
for their cooperative and friendly attitude towards me. Further, I would like to extend
my special thank to my close friends Mr. Amit Kumar Singh, Mr. Jayanand Maurya,
and Mr. Sanjeev Kumar Singh for their continuous support, encouragement and honest
opinion.
I am thankful to my institution, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi,
for providing all necessary resources throughout my research. I am also thankful to all
the non-teaching staff for their support. I further thankfully acknowledge University
Grant Commission (UGC), India, for providing me the full financial support to carry
out my research work.
I express my sincere and heartiest gratitude to my mother, Mrs. Usha Devi for
her extreme support, patience, love and encouragement during my studies. I am also
grateful to my Bhabhi Maa for always having faith in me even when I was not doing
good and motivating me to move forward in every situation.
Finally, my thanks go to all the people who have supported me to complete the
research work directly or indirectly.

(Om Namha Shivay)

xii
 CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

CERTIFICATE iii

DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE v

COPYRIGHT TRANSFER CERTIFICATE vii

DEDICATION ix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xi

CONTENTS xiii

LIST OF FIGURES xvii

LIST OF SYMBOLS xix

ABBREVIATIONS xxi

PREFACE xxiii

1 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 1

1.1 Thermoelasticity: Perspectives and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Development of the Conventional (Classical) Thermoelasticity Theory 2
1.2.1 Formulation of the Classical Coupled Thermoelasticity Theory . 4
1.3 Limitations of the Classical Coupled Thermoelasticity . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4 Generalized Thermoelasticity Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4.1 Lord-Shulman (LS) Thermoelasticity Theory or Extended Ther-
moelasticity Theory (ETE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.4.2 Green-Naghdi (GN) Thermoelasticity Theory . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.4.3 Dual-Phase-Lag (DPL) Thermoelasticity Theory . . . . . . . . 13

xiii
 Contents

1.4.4 Three-Phase-Lag (TPL) Thermoelasticity Theory . . . . . . . . 15

1.4.5 Green-Lindsay (GL) Thermoelasticity Theory . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.4.6 Modified Green-Lindsay (MGL) Thermoelasticity Theory . . . 18
1.4.7 Two-Temperature Thermoelasticity Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.4.8 Other Generalized Thermoelasticity Theories . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.5 Porothermoelasticity Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.6 Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.7 Objective of the Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

2 AN INVESTIGATION OF THE TEMPERATURE RATE DEPEN-

DENT THERMOELASTICITY THEORY USING A COMPLETE
FINITE ELEMENT APPROACH 43
2.1 Introduction 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.2 Basic Governing Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.3 Problem Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.4 Finite Element Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.5 Discretization in Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.6 Numerical Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.7 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

3 ON THE SOLUTION OF A THERMOELASTIC PROBLEM OF

FUNCTIONALLY GRADED HOLLOW DISK UNDER STRAIN
AND TEMPERATURE-RATE DEPENDENT THEORY 65
3.1 Introduction2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.2 Basic Governing Equations and Problem Formulation . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.3 Finite Element Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.4 Formulation for the Time Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.4.1 I: Galerkin type FEM Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.4.2 II: Newmark Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.5 Numerical Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
3.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

4 TEMPERATURE-RATE DEPENDENT TWO-TEMPERATURE THE-

ORY OF THERMOELASTICITY 95
4.1 Theory of Temperature-rate Dependent Two- Temperature Thermoelas-
ticity for Anisotropic Medium3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

xiv
 Contents

4.1.2 Formulation of the Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

4.1.3 Thermoelastic Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
4.1.4 Formulation of the Governing Equations and Constitutive Relations100
4.1.5 Uniqueness theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
4.1.6 Application: A One Dimensional (half space) Problem . . . . . 108
4.1.7 Numerical Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
4.1.8 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
4.2 Thermomechanical Interactions Due to Mode-I Crack under Modified
Temperature-Rate Dependent Two-Temperature Thermoelasticity The-
ory 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
4.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
4.2.2 Basic Governing Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
4.2.3 Formulation of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
4.2.4 Solution of the Problem in the Laplace and Fourier Transform
Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
4.2.5 Formulation of the Dual Integral Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
4.2.6 Solution of the Dual Integral Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
4.2.7 Numerical Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
4.2.8 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

5 TEMPERATURE-RATE DEPENDENT THEORY OF POROTHER-

MOELASTICITY 145
5.1 Theory of Temperature-Rate Dependent Porothermoelasticity for Anisotropic
Medium5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
5.1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
5.1.2 Formulation of the Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
5.1.3 Constitutive Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
5.1.4 Linear theory of Temperature-Rate Dependent Porothermoelas-
ticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
5.1.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
5.2 Some Theorems on the Temperature-Rate Dependent theory of Porother-
moelasticity 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
5.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
5.2.2 Basic Governing Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
5.2.3 Uniqueness Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
5.2.4 Formulation of the Variation Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

xv
 Contents

5.2.5 Reciprocity Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

5.2.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
5.3 A Half Space Problem of Porothermoelasticity Based on the Temperature-
Rate Dependent Theory 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
5.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
5.3.2 Formulation of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
5.3.3 Numerical Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
5.3.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

6 SUMMARY OF THE THESIS AND FUTURE SCOPE 193

6.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
6.2 Suggestions for Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

REFERENCES 203

Appendix 231

PUBLICATIONS AND CONFERENCES 235

xvi
 LIST OF FIGURES

2.4.1 Finite element profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

2.6.1 Variation of displacement (u) with r and t under GL theory . . . . . . . . 58
2.6.2 Variation of temperature (θ) with r and t under GL theory . . . . . . . . . 58
2.6.3 Variation of radial stress (σrr ) with r and t under GL theory . . . . . . . . 59
2.6.4 Variation of circumferential stress (σφφ ) with r and t under GL theory . . 59
2.6.5 Distribution of displacement (u) under GL and LS theories at t = 1.0, 1.5 . 61
2.6.6 Distribution of temperature (θ) under GL and LS theories at t = 1.0, 1.5 . 61
2.6.7 Distribution of radial stress (σrr ) under GL and LS theories at t = 1.0, 1.5 62
2.6.8 Distribution of circumferential stress (σφφ ) under GL and LS theories at
t = 1.0, 1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.6.9 Temperature distribution at t = 0.39 for solutions obtained using trans-
FEM and Complete FEM method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

3.2.1 (a) Variation on volume fraction for different n, (b) Distribution of metallic
(shown in red color) and ceramic (shown in black color) property inside
the hollow disk for n = 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.5.1 Temperature distribution at t = 0.40 and t = 0.69 under MGL theory for
all methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.5.2 Comparison of CPU time for three different methods: Complete FEM,
FEM with Newmark and Trans-FEM methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3.5.3 Variation of displacement (u) with r and t under GL theory for different
n, (a) n = 0 and (b) n = 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3.5.4 Variation of displacement (u) with r and t under MGL theory for different
n, (a) n = 0 and (b) n = 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3.5.5 Variation of temperature (θ) with r and t under GL theory for different n,
(a) n = 0 and (b) n = 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.5.6 Variation of temperature (θ) with r and t under MGL theory for different
n, (a) n = 0 and (b) n = 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
3.5.7 Variation of radial stress (σrr ) with r and t under GL theory for different
n, (a) n = 0 and (b) n = 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

xvii
 List of Figures

3.5.8 Variation of radial stress (σrr ) with r and t under MGL theory for different
n, (a) n = 0 and (b) n = 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
3.5.9 Variation of circumferential stress (σφφ ) with r and t under GL theory for
different n, (a) n = 0 and (b) n = 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
3.5.10 Variation of circumferential stress (σφφ ) with r and t under MGL for dif-
ferent n, (a) n = 0 and (b) n = 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
3.5.11 The effect of non-homogeneity on displacement (u) at t = 0.40 under GL
and MGL model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
3.5.12 The effect of non-homogeneity on temperature (θ) at t = 0.40 under GL
and MGL model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
3.5.13 The effect of non-homogeneity on radial stress (σrr ) at t = 0.40 under GL
and MGL model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
3.5.14 The effect of non-homogeneity on circumferential stress (σφφ ) at t = 0.40
under GL and MGL model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

4.1.1 Variation of conductive temperature (φ) at t1 = 0.5 and a1 = 0.5 . . . . . 114

4.1.2 Variation of thermodynamic temperature (θ) at t1 = 0.5 and a1 = 0.5 . . . 115
4.1.3 Variation of displacement (u) at t1 = 0.5 and a1 = 0.5 . . . . . . . . . . . 116
4.1.4 Variation of stress (σxx ) at t1 = 0.5 and a1 = 0.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
4.1.5 Distribution of conductive temperature (φ) at different t1 and a1 . . . . . 118
4.1.6 Distribution of thermodynamic temperature (θ) at different t1 and a1 . . . 119
4.1.7 Distribution of displacement (u) at different t1 and a1 . . . . . . . . . . . 120
4.1.8 Distribution of stress (σxx ) at different t1 and a1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
4.2.1 Geometry of the crack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
4.2.2 Variation of temperature (a) Conductive temperature (φ) and (b) Ther-
modynamic temperature (θ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
4.2.3 Variation of displacement components (a) Horizontal displacement (u) and
(b) Vertical displacement (v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
4.2.4 Variation of stress components (a) σxx and (b) σyy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
4.2.5 Distribution of shear stress (σxy ) along x at t = 0.35 . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
4.2.6 Distribution of conductive temperature (φ) along x at y = 0.2 . . . . . . . 143

5.3.1 Variation of displacement (u) due to solid phase at different time . . . . . 185
5.3.2 Variation of displacement (U ) due to liquid phase at different time . . . . 186
5.3.3 Variation of temperature (ϑs ) due to solid phase at different time . . . . . 187
5.3.4 Variation of temperature (ϑf ) due to liquid phase at different time . . . . 188
5.3.5 Variation of stress (τxx ) due to solid phase at different time . . . . . . . . 189
5.3.6 Variation of stress (τ ) due to liquid phase at different time . . . . . . . . . 190

xviii
 LIST OF SYMBOLS

σij Stress tensor, Pa or N m−2 or kg m−1 s−2

ui Displacement vector, m
eij Strain tensor, dimensionless
qi Heat flux vector, W m−2
T0 Uniform reference temperature, K
θ Thermodynamic temperature/Temperature variation from the uni-
form reference temperature, K
φ Conductive Temperature, K
a Two-temperature parameter, m2
bi Body force per unit mass, N kg−1
−1
Q Heat source per unit mass per unit volume, J s−1 kg m−3 or
−1
N m s−1 kg m−3
−1
S Entropy per unit mass, J K−1 kg
ρ Mass density, kg m−3
Kij / K Thermal conductivity tensor/ Thermal conductivity constant,
W m−1 K−1
Cijkl Elasticity tensor, kg m−1 s−2
 List of symbols

λ, µ Lame’s constants of material, kg m−1 s−2

βij Thermoelasticity tensor, kg m−1 s−2 K−1
β = (3λ + 2µ)αt Thermoelasticity constant, kg m−1 s−2 K−1
αt Linear thermal expansion of the material, K−1
−1
cE Specific heat at constant strain, J kg−1 K
tθ Phase-lag of temperature gradient, s
tq Phase-lag of heat flux vector, s
tν Phase-lag of thermal displacemant gradient, s
t1 and t2 Thermal relaxation parameters, s
x = (x1 , x2 , x3 )/(x, y, z) Cartesian coordinates, m
t Physical time, s
∇ Gradient operator
∇2 /∆ Laplacian operator
δij Kronecker delta, dimensionless

Note: Throughout the thesis, the subscripted comma notations are used to denote
the partial derivatives with respect to the space variables. The over-headed dots
denote partial derivatives with respect to time variable, t. The bold notation is
used for vector or tensor quantities. Subscripts i, j, k, l take the values 1, 2, 3
and summation is implied by index repetition.

xx
 ABBREVIATIONS

FEM Finite Element Method

FGM Functionally Graded Materials
DOI Domain Of Influence
DPL Dual-Phase-Lag
ETE Extended Thermoelasticity Theory
GN Green-Naghdi
LS Lord-Shulman
CV Cattaneo-Vernotte
TPL Three-Phase-Lag
TRD Temperature-Rate Dependent
GL Green-Lindsay
STRD Strain and Temperature-Rate Dependent
MGL Modified Green-Lindsay
TRDTT Temperature-Rate Dependent Two-Temperature
TRDPTE Temperature-Rate Dependent PoroThermoElasticity
BTPTE Biot Theory of PoroThermoElasticity
PREFACE

The thermoelasticity theory, which involves the simultaneous study of the thermal and
deformation changes in the solid, is developed to support the general observation that
deformation of an elastic solid causes some temperature changes inside the body and
thermal changes in the solid may also cause some deformation in the elastic solid. This
theory has developed considerable interest among the engineers and researchers to study
the vast range of its applications in the various disciplines of science and technology.
Thermal stress analysis is very important in a wide range of structural challenges, in-
cluding high-speed plane manufacture, space vehicle, rocket, jet engine design, nuclear
reactor design, and so on. Moreover, the thermoelasticity theory is increasingly be-
ing used for a range of engineering problems, including the development of material
parts that can endure sudden thermal and mechanical stresses and function at high
temperatures. Therefore, understanding this aspect and carrying out further research
are necessary for the design and development of structures in a variety of engineering
sectors, such as nuclear, chemical, and metallurgy. Various other branches of mechan-
ics and physics like porothermoelasticity, viscothermoelasticity, pizothermoelasticity,
magnetothermoelasticity, and many other sub-branches, which have drawn attention of
researchers, are also founded as extensions of the thermoelasticity theory.

The classical thermoelasticity theory developed by Biot (1956) has been widely
considered to investigate the various thermoelastic problems. However, the classical
thermoelasticity theory is based on Fourier’s law of heat conduction and suffers from
the paradox of infinite speed of thermal wave. This theory has been found to be rele-
vant to the problems with large spatial dimensions or short time responses; however, for
 PREFACE

thermoelastic processes such as laser-material interactions, where severe temperature

gradients or extremely short-time behaviour are involved, the theory predicts unsatis-
factory outcomes. Hence, starting from Maxwell in the late 19th century, several models
predicting finite thermal wave speed as Lord-Sulman (LS) theory (1967), Green-Lindasy
(GL) theory (1972), Green-Naghdi (GN) theory (1991-1993), dual-phase-lag (DPL) the-
ory (1998), three-phase-lag (TPL) theory (2007), have been proposed over the time. The
GL theory, which is also referred to as temperature-rate dependent (TRD) theory, is
one of the most considered thermoelasticity theories for investigating the thermome-
chanical interactions. The theory is also well established from the fundamental laws of
irreversible thermodynamics, and therefore, it is one of the most suitable theories for
studying the dynamical problems of thermoelasticity.

The present thesis is concerned with the study of the TRD theory and its appli-
cations to the various problems of thermomechanics. Formulation of the TRD theory
involves the dependence on temperature-rate term for the constitutive response func-
tions and involvement of this new term increases the complexity for derivation of the
governing equations. Therefore, governing equations for the extensions of this theory
in different thermomechanical contexts like two-temperature theory, porothermoelastic-
ity theory with non-local effects, micropolar theory and many other are either directly
stated by the researchers without any theoretical justification or not available in the
literature. This thesis therefore attempts to provide a strong mathematical foundation
to some thermomechanical extensions of the TRD theory and also to establish some
theoretical as well as numerical results on these theories.

The study of the coupled dynamical problems consists of a complicated system

of partial differential equations (pde) and the solution to this system of pde cannot
be derived analytically except for a few simplified thermoelastic problems. Therefore,
the development of new effective and efficient numerical approaches is essential for the
advancement of technologies that require the fast and accurate prediction of the solution

xxiv
of real life problems. The study and implementation of various numerical approaches
for solving different thermoelastic problems are also addressed in the present thesis.

The work carried out in the thesis is divided into six chapters and outlines of various
chapters are as follows:

Chapter 1 starts with an introduction to the subject, including the brief history on
the development of various modifications to the classical thermoelasticity theory, and
then moves on to a comprehensive literature review of works relevant to the current
thesis. The chapter concludes with a summary of the objective of the thesis.

Chapter 2 discusses the application of TRD theory for a problem of a homogeneous

and isotropic hollow disc subjected to thermal shock at its inner boundary and caries out
the comparative study of TRD theory with the LS thermoelasticity theory in the context
of the present problem. An application of a complete finite element approach for solving
the coupled dynamical thermoelastic problem is demonstrated by an implementation
of this method for the present problem. Furthermore, the validation and efficiency
of the results under the complete FEM method are discussed by comparison of the
corresponding results under trans-FEM method and FEM with Newmark scheme.

Chapter 3 aims at the investigation of the strain and temperature-rate dependent

thermoelasticity theory. A problem of non-homogeneous and isotropic functionally
graded hollow disk under the thermal shocks applied at both of its inner and outer
boundaries is considered and a detailed comparative study of STRD theory and TRD
theory is carried out to analyze the effects of inclusion of strain rate terms in TRD
thermoelasticity theory. Functionally graded materials (FGM) are composite materi-
als designed to withstand the sudden applied thermal and mechanical loads. In this
chapter, the FGM material composed of metal and ceramic material is taken to discuss
the change in the behaviour of the field variables due to variable material properties.
The complete finite element approach is applied to derive the numerical solution of the
present problem. Some important findings are highlighted.

xxv
 PREFACE

Chapter 4 is focused on the development and application of the temperature rate-

dependent two-temperature (TRDTT) thermoelasticity theory for different thermoe-
lastic problems. This chapter is divided into two subchapters. The Subchapter 4.1
attempts to establish the foundation of the TRDTT theory from the fundamental laws
of irreversible thermodynamics. The modified entropy production inequality involving
two generalized temperatures corresponding to thermodynamic and conductive tem-
peratures are presented to derive the governing equations of the TRDTT theory. A
general uniqueness theorem is proved for the mixed initial and boundary value problem
of thermoelasticity of the homogeneous and anisotropic medium in the present context.
Furthermore, an application of the TRDTT theory is illustrated by solving a half-space
problem of homogeneous and isotropic thermoelastic medium. Subchapter 4.2 dis-
cusses the application of the TRDTT theory for a coupled dynamical thermomechanical
problem in the presence of a mode-I crack inside a two dimensional medium to examine
the effects of the two-temperature model on the basis of TRD theory. A thermoelastic
problem of 2D infinite homogeneous and isotropic medium in the presence of an open-
ing mode crack of finite length is considered. A suitable numerical method involving
the Laplace and Fourier transformation techniques followed by a regularization method
together with the numerical method for solving the dual integral equation is applied to
obtain the solution of the present problem. The behaviour of the physical field variables
due to the presence of the crack in the two-temperature model are discussed in detail.

Chapter 5 comprises of three subchapters that are focused on the investigation

and development of the porothermoelasticity theory in the context of temperature-
rate dependent theory. Subchapter 5.1 formulates the temperature-rate dependent
porothermoelasticity (TRDPTE) theory and derives the basic governing equations and
constitutive relations of the theory from the fundamental laws of thermodynamics. A
generalized entropy inequality for TRD porothermoelasticity theory is presented by
following Biot’s theory of porothermoelasticity (1973) and Muller’s entropy (1968) in-

xxvi
equality, and the system of non-linear governing equations of the TRDPTE theory is
derived. Lastly, the linearity conditions are applied to derive the linear governing equa-
tions for the TRDPTE theory. Chapter 5.2 attempts to establish some theoretical
results on the TRDPTE theory, which are helpful in understanding the theory, and
provide the basis for the development of some numerical methods as well. Firstly, a
uniqueness theorem for the general porothermoelastic problem of homogeneous and
anisotropic medium is proved. Then, a variational principle is presented by deriving
an expression for the total energy function of the porothermoelastic system. Lastly, a
reciprocity theorem is established that provides the relationship between two different
sets of porothermoelastic loadings and corresponding porothermoelastic configurations.
Subchapter 5.3 investigates the present TRDPTE theory by applying it to a one
dimensional half space problem subjected to thermal shock on the boundary. Laplace
transformation technique for the time domain along with a direct approach is employed
to solve the half space problem. The effects of porosity is examined for classical theory
and TRD theory by the comparative study of the behaviour of the field variables under
Biot’s theory and TRD theory with and without porosity.
Chapter 6 provides a summary of the work presented in the thesis and suggestions
for further research in these related topics.

xxvii