Name: Glennon Jhon N.

Malisa Date: Feb, 27 2024

Assignment 2

1. What are the factors contributing to the age-related decline in musculoskeletal

function?

Answer:

Age-related decline in musculoskeletal function is influenced by several factors,

including decreased muscle mass and strength due to hormonal changes, reduced

physical activity levels, impaired neuromuscular function, decreased bone density,

and increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries and diseases such as osteoporosis and

osteoarthritis.

2. Explain the mechanotransduction.

Answer:

Mechanotransduction is the process by which cells convert mechanical stimuli or

forces into biochemical signals. In the context of muscles and bones,

mechanotransduction plays a crucial role in adapting to mechanical loads through

processes like bone remodeling and muscle hypertrophy.

3. What are the challenges of musculoskeletal injuries and diseases?

Answer:

Musculoskeletal injuries and diseases present challenges such as pain, limited

mobility, loss of function, decreased quality of life, and potential long-term

disabilities. Treatment and management may involve rehabilitation, surgery,

medication, lifestyle modifications, and ongoing monitoring to prevent complications.

 4. Explain the sources of resistance and muscle contractions.

Answer:

Sources of resistance in muscle contractions include external loads such as weights

or resistance bands, as well as internal tension generated by the muscle fibers

themselves. Muscle contractions can be categorized into isotonic (constant tension

with changing muscle length), isometric (constant muscle length with no change in

joint angle), and isokinetic (constant speed of contraction).

5. What are the four stages of bone repair?

Answer:

The four stages of bone repair are hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus

formation, bony callus formation, and bone remodeling.

References:

● Musculoskeletal System The locomotor system comprises bones, joints, and muscles

with associated ligaments, tendons, and bursae.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/musculoskeletalsystem

● Anatomy and Physiology on the musculoskeletal system

https://www.slideshare.net/pallavi333/anatomy-and-physiology-on-themusculoskeletal-sys

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