Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese

1. The company Ohmium says it has received investments of $250 million to increase production
of machines that make hydrogen for energy.

2. Ohmium is a company based in the state of Nevada with offices in California’s Silicon Valley
and India. It makes machines called electrolyzers which separate water into hydrogen and oxygen.

3. Climate activists say hydrogen is a clean fuel for energy and can possibly be used in place of
fossil fuels such as coal, oil or gas.

4. Daryl Wilson is head of the Hydrogen Council, a group of business leaders who support
hydrogen that is based in Brussels, Belgium. Wilson said just four or five years ago, a company working
on producing hydrogen from water would not have been able to raise several hundred million dollars.
But now there’s fast growth and demand for it, he said.

5. Mark Viehman is a hydrogen and clean fuels expert at the Paris-based consulting business
Capgemini. He said its recent research found that 64 percent of energy and utility companies plan to
put money into low-carbon hydrogen efforts by 2030.

6. Arne Ballantine is the head of Ohmium. He said the company will use the $250 million to
improve its factory in India, continue research in California, and hire more workers. The company
currently has about 400 workers.

7. Ballantine said he plans to make enough electrolyzers each year to produce enough hydrogen
to supply two gigawatts of electricity. He said that would provide power for a few steel or fertilizer
factories.

8. Countries and businesses say they want to cut the release of carbon dioxide from manufacturing
by using hydrogen. The U.S., European Union, Canada and India are offering tax credits and
other incentives for companies to produce clean, or green, hydrogen.

9. An electrolyzer produces clean hydrogen if it gets electricity from renewable energy, such as
wind and solar power. The International Energy Agency says less than one percent of hydrogen produced
around the world currently comes from renewable energy.

10. Electrolyzers use huge amounts of electricity. Most of them need fossil fuels to operate. Emily
Kent of the Clean Air Task Force, a nonprofit group based in Boston, said it will take a large increase in
electricity created without fossil fuels to get enough clean hydrogen.
 11. However, most hydrogen today comes from natural gas, a fossil fuel. Some U.S. power
producers plan to use Ohmium’s Lotus electrolyzer as a partial substitute for natural gas. Ohmium is
also working with Spanish and Indian companies on energy projects.

12. Each electrolyzer can produce up to 45 metric tons of hydrogen per year. The device costs
several hundred thousand dollars. Ohmium said each is about two-and-a-half meters high by one-and-a-
half wide and almost two meters long. The company said the devices can fit together and be placed in
different positions, in case more than one is needed.

Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese

1. Sleep is an important biological process for people and animals. However, much remains
unknown about the process. Humans spend about one third of their lives sleeping. But some mammals,
like the northern elephant seal, survive with much less sleep.

2. Researchers in a new study described the unusual sleep pattern of these ocean animals. They
found that when these mammals go to feed on trips that can last seven months, they sleep just two hours.

3. Those two hours of sleep are made up of short moments of rest lasting only 10 minutes each
as they dive deep to avoid predators. The only other mammals known to get so little sleep are African
elephants.

4. The seals’ sleep time during ocean trips is different from the 10 hours a day they spend sleeping
on the coast during mating season at places like California’s Año Nuevo beach.

5. The researchers placed a head covering with sensors on the heads of the seals that they studied.
The sensors recorded sleep signals created by the seals’ brains and heart rate. The sensors also recorded
the animals’ location and depth beneath the sea.

6. The researchers studied female seals because they go out on long open-ocean trips while males
feed in coastal waters.

7. During dives lasting about 30 minutes, the seals went into a deep sleep called slow-wave sleep
while keeping a controlled downward movement.

8. When they then experienced rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, a condition where voluntary
movement while sleeping stops, the seals fell into a turning pattern. They sometimes ended up without
movement on the seafloor.
 9. Jessica Kendall-Bar of the University of California San Diego’s Scripps Institution of
Oceanography is the lead writer of the study published this week in Science. She said, “Then, at the
deepest point of their sleeping dive - up to 377 meters deep - they wake up and swim back to the surface.”

10. The northern elephant seal is the world’s second-largest seal. Only the southern elephant seal
is bigger. Male northern elephant seals may reach four meters long and weigh up to 2,000 kilograms.
Females reach about three meters in length and 590 kilograms.

11. The seals eat sea animals like fish and squid. Even with their large size, predators like sharks
and killer whales are still a threat.

12. Terrie Williams is a scientist at the University of California at Santa Cruz who helped write
the study. She said, “It is remarkable that a wild animal will fall into deep, paralytic REM sleep when
there are predators on the hunt.” She added that the seals solve this problem by going into deep sleep in
the deep parts of the oceans where predators usually do not hunt them.

13. Williams said the brain’s ability to control awakening the sleeping seals at a depth before they
drown is also a discovery about how mammalian brains work. She commented on this saying that it
shows the survival control of the seals’ brains.

Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese

1. The deforestation rate in the Brazilian Amazon dropped slightly last year, new satellite data
shows. The data found the rainforest lost an area covering over 11,000 square kilometers in the period
from August 2021 to July 2022.

2. That was down 11 percent from the previous year when more than 13,000 square kilometers
were destroyed. The data was recently released by Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research.

3. The agency is part of the country’s Ministry of Science. The institute uses
a monitoring system that collects satellite images of the rainforest to measure deforestation rates.

4. For a period of more than 10 years, improvements were seen in the Brazilian Amazon.
Deforestation rates dropped and stayed below 10,000 square kilometers a year. But that changed in
January 2019, when far-right President Jair Bolsonaro took office.

5. Researchers and environmentalists have blamed Bolsonaro’s policies for causing sharp
increases in deforestation rates. Bolsonaro is set to leave office on January 1, after recently losing
reelection to former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
 6. Part of the destruction that took place under Bolsonaro will not appear until next year’s report,
including the important period from August to October 2022.

7. A different federal satellite monitoring system shows deforestation rose 45 percent during the
August to October period. But while that system provides faster results, it is not as accurate as the other
methods, The Associated Press reports.

8. Traditionally, the August to October period sees higher rates of deforestation because it is
during the dry season.

9. An examination of new data was also completed by the Climate Observatory, a collection of
environmental groups. It showed that during the four years of Bolsonaro's leadership, deforestation rose
60 percent over the previous four years. That is the largest percentage rise under a president since
satellite monitoring began in 1998.

10. In one state, Para, deforestation dropped 21 percent. But it still represented one-third of all
Brazil's Amazon forest loss. Part of the tree cutting and burning happens in areas that are supposed to be
protected.

11. One such area is Paru State Forest, where the nonprofit Amazon Institute of People and the
Environment registered 2 square kilometers of deforestation in October alone.

12. “In recent years, deforestation has reached protected areas where previously there was almost
no destruction," said Jakeline Pereira, a researcher with the Amazon Institute. Pereira told the AP, “In
Paru's region, the destruction is driven by lease of land for soybean crops and cattle.”

13. Bolsonaro's administration has been blamed for weakening environmental agencies and
supporting legislative measures to ease land protections in favor of economic development.

14. Brazilian President-elect da Silva recently promised cheering crowds at the U.N. climate
conference in Egypt to end all deforestation across the whole country by 2030. “There will be no climate
security if the Amazon isn’t protected,” he said.

15. The last time da Silva was president, from 2003 to 2010, deforestation fell sharply. On the
other hand, he backed measures that set in motion destruction in the long run. These included his support
for the huge Belo Monte hydroelectric dam project and providing large loans to the beef industry. Cutting
down forest to create feeding areas for cattle is a main driver of deforestation.

16. The Amazon rainforest covers an area twice the size of India. It acts as a buffer against
climate change by taking in large amounts of carbon dioxide.

17. It is also the most biodiverse forest in the world, and the home of tribes that have lived in the
area for thousands of years.