University of Southern Mindanao

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY
Kabacan, Cotabato

Department of Agricultural and

Biosystems Engineering

WRITTEN REPORT

Submitted by:

Aguilar, Terrence Niel

Balanon, Ross Danielle

Fermocil, Ayezza Jean

Kundol, Shahanna

Ontal, Carl Daniel

 Valenzuela, Archie

Part 1.
GLOBAL DIVIDES
"Global Divides" refers to various forms of disparities, inequalities, and divisions that
exist on a global scale, affecting different aspects of society, including economics,
technology, politics, culture, and more. These divides reflect the uneven distribution of
resources, opportunities, and power among individuals, communities, and nations
worldwide. Here are some key contemporary applications and widening of the meaning of
Global Divides:
1. Economic Global Divides:
• Income Inequality: The wealth gap between the rich and poor continues to widen,
both within countries and between countries. This economic divide results from factors such
as unequal access to education, employment opportunities, and resources.
• Access to Basic Needs: Disparities in access to essential resources like clean water,
food, healthcare, and education persist, particularly in developing regions. These disparities
can lead to cycles of poverty and deprivation.

2. Digital Global Divides:

• Digital Access: The digital divide encompasses disparities in access to the internet
and technology. In the contemporary world, access to digital resources, information, and
connectivity is critical for education, economic participation, and social inclusion.
• Technological Advancement: Differences in technological capabilities and
infrastructure between developed and developing regions create divides in areas like
artificial intelligence, data analytics, and cybersecurity.

3. Political Global Divides:

• Political Influence: Global power imbalances result in some nations having greater
influence in international politics, while others have limited say in global decision-making
processes.
• Geopolitical Conflicts: Ongoing conflicts, regional tensions, and geopolitical rivalries
contribute to divisions and instability in different parts of the world.

4. Cultural Global Divides:

• Cultural Hegemony: Dominant cultures and media from certain regions can
overshadow and marginalize the cultural expressions and identities of others, leading to
cultural imbalances and tensions.

• Cultural Appropriation: Disparities in cultural power dynamics can result in instances

of cultural appropriation, where elements of one culture are borrowed or stolen by another
culture without proper acknowledgment or respect.

5. Environmental Global Divides:

• Climate Change Impact: Vulnerable regions and communities often bear the brunt of
climate change consequences, while those responsible for the majority of greenhouse gas
emissions may experience fewer immediate effects.
• Access to Clean Energy: Disparities in access to clean and renewable energy sources
exist, with some regions relying heavily on fossil fuels due to economic constraints or
geopolitical factors.

6. Healthcare Global Divides:

• Healthcare Access: Disparities in healthcare access, quality, and affordability persist
between developed and developing countries, leading to variations in health outcomes and
life expectancy.
• Pandemic Response: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed global divides in healthcare
infrastructure, vaccine distribution, and the ability to respond effectively to health crises.

7. Educational Global Divides:

• Access to Quality Education: Differences in educational opportunities and the quality
of education available to students contribute to disparities in skills, employability, and
socioeconomic status.
• Digital Education: The shift to online and remote learning during the pandemic
accentuated the digital divide in education, with many students lacking the necessary
technology and internet access.

Understanding and addressing these contemporary global divides is essential for

promoting equity, justice, and sustainable development worldwide. Efforts to bridge these
divides may involve policy changes, international cooperation, technological innovation, and
social initiatives aimed at reducing disparities and promoting inclusivity on a global scale.

The difference between Global North and Global South

 Global North

 Comprised of only one quarter (25%) of the total global population

 Richer and more economically developed region
 Accounts for over 90% of all manufacturing industries
 About 95% of the population have access to functioning education system

Global South

 Accounts for the three-quarters (75%) of the global population BUT only accounts a
fifth (20%) of the globally earned income
 Poor and less developed region
 Relatively low GDP and the high population
 Only 5% of the country`s population has enough food and shelter
 Source of raw materials and labor for the “North”
 The economies of most countries in the South rely on imports from the North and
have low technological penetration
Part 2.
What are the three categories that embodied 3 types of countries along globe?
I believe it is the 3 worlds theory. I believe the global divide was made official with the
west power (US and allied countries) and the east power (Soviet Union and China). The 3 types
of countries are the first world, second world and the third world. The first world composed of
industrialized and democratic countries which most members are assumed to be allied with the
US against Soviet Union. They are Canada, Australia, etc. While the second world defines as
former communist countries that are not quite in poverty but are not prosperous either. They
are East Germany. Georgia, Poland, etc. on the other side, the third world was known as non-
aligned world and as the global realm of poverty and under-development. It is referred as
underdeveloped or developing countries. They are Afghanistan, Asian countries, etc.

When the three world theory was made no longer sense?

I believe the three world theory was made no longer sense in 1989-1991, the second
world ceased to exist as the Soviet Union collapsed. After the demise of the second world, new
terms were adopted for socio economically divided planet, differentiating a wealthy “Global
North” from impoverished “global south”. The global north mostly covered first world, with
much of the second world. While Global South covers the countries from the third world.

What is the concept of the “Global South”?

I believe the concept of the “Global South” shares some of the limitations in of the
concept of the third world. It evokes imaginations of a geographical North-South divide, which
does not correspond to the complex entanglements and uneven developments in the real
world.

Part 3. Debate
Difference between Regionalization and Globalization
Regionalization Globalization
Nature Divides an area into smaller Promote integration of
segments called regions economies across state
borders all around the world
Market Monopolies are more likely to Allows many corporations to
develop. Monopoly means one trade on international level; it
producer controls supply of a allows free market
good or service, and where the
entry of new producers is
prevented or highly restricted.
Cultural & Societal Does not support Acceleration to
Relations multiculturalism multiculturalism through free
and inexpensive movement of
people
Aid A regionalized area does not get Globalized international
involved in the affairs of other communities are more willing
areas to aid countries stricken by
 the disasters
Technological Advanced technology of rarely Globalization has driven great
Advancement available advances in technology

Part 4. Final Q and A

B. Regional Integration
Regional Integration is the process by which two or more nation-states agree to cooperate
and work closely together to achieve peace, stability and wealth. An example of regional
Integration in Asia is the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nation), APEC (Asia Pacific
Economic Council) and ARF (ASEAN Regional Forum)

Factors that leads the Asian Region into greater integration

TRADE: The global economy is interconnected, and we all desire and need something from
another area of the world, including global trade facilities, and because these nations are
geographically close to one another, they can readily satisfy each other’s demands

SIMILAR CULTURE: Asia’s culture is diverse, but Asian countries also have a lot of similarities
which paved the way in negotiation.

COMMON GOALS: Asian Region have a common goal which is a slow integration, to accelerate
the economic growth, social progress and cultural development and to promote peace.

SIMILAR SECURITY NEEDS: Since Asian regions are geographically close to each other, aside
from small localized rebels, this association needs only to contend with foreign-supported
terrorist groups which are usually handled well.