WHY DOES THE GOVERNMENT
TOURISM IMPACTS
Economics
* Concerned with the production,
consumption and transfer of wealth.
* Deals with the production, distribution
and consumption of goods and services.
In Economics, it is concerned with the
production, distribution, consumption of
goods and services and the transfer of
wealth.
> Production in the tourism industry is
the production of intangible things that
also includes services.
> After producing these intangible
products and services, you need to
distribute this to your market which are
the tourists, visitors, guests, clients or
passengers.
> These markets are the one who will
consume what we have distributed
which are the intangible products and
services.
> This is already the time when you
have business transactions with the
client or the tourist. On the part of the
tourist they will pay you and in the part
of the tourism establishment they will
receive the payment which is the
meaning of transfer of wealth.
ENCOURAGE TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT?
Because…
1. There is a continuous demand for
travel.
2. Income Increases
- It gives us income not just at the macro
level (entire country economy - the
industries within that country) but also at
the micro level (have an effect even to
the small communities).
- When people have these tourism
activities, the country (macro level) will
have an impact and even the micro level
(smallest community) will also have an
impact which is an economic impact.
- There is an economic benefit that is
given to the country and also to the
small communities if there will be people
who will travel to the destination.
3. Countries need foreign exchange
(international travel)
- The dollars that will be brought here in
our country by the tourists will be used
by Filipino companies to transact
business abroad.
- It is a reciprocal thing.
* When tourists visit our country, they go
to foreign exchange or bank to
exchange dollars to peso then those
dollars which are now inside the foreign
exchange companies and those banks,
Filipino businesses can go to these
establishments and buy dollars using
peso.
ECONOMIC IMPACT - THE BENEFITS
OF TOURISM
* Due to the influx of tourists, the
tourism industry benefits from these
tourist arrivals. The tourists'
expenditures will provide better jobs for
the people that consequently increases
their disposable income.
DIGESTION OF THE STATEMENT
1. Foreigners will visit our country and
those visitors are called tourist arrival.
2, The system that we used to know
how many tourists are visiting our
country is being operated and there is a
database which is managed by a
system of Bureau of Immigration.
3. Everytime the foreigners arrive in our
country there is an expectation that they
will spend their money buying tourist
products. The moment they spent
money that is what you mean by tourist
expenditures
4. Now because tourists are spending
money to transact businesses with the
operating sectors such as airlines,
hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, tour
guides; those are the expenditures (the
money that they spent).
5. It will now provide better jobs for the
people simply because those owners or
those tourism companies will hire
people to work in their company to
provide the service the tourists need.
6. Because of this, the company will pay
the salary of those people being hired
and will get income. Some of that
income could be used as disposable
income.
Disposable Income
> Money left after paying taxes and
other essentials such as food and
housing, wherein the recipient has
complete discretion where to use its
portion.
Example: Your salary is 50,000 pesos. It
doesn't mean that the entire amount or
50,000 pesos is called disposable
income.
To compute the disposable income, first
you need to pay taxes. In our Philippine
law, the taxes are being subtracted
already to the amount of salary that you
will get. The accounting department of
the company already less your income
tax.
Next is you also need to compute how
much your necessities like
transportation, food, utility bills. After
that, it is the time you subtract it. And
the amount left will be your disposable
income and that is the time how you will
spend it.
Tourists Arrivals
- Pertains to the number of visitors in the
area.
> The number of those foreigners and
Filipinos who came back to the country
will be first collected by the Bureau of
Immigration. Then they will check if you
are a resident of the Philippines or a
foreigner which will be considered a
tourist and information will be included
in the database of tourist arrival.
- A database should be maintained to
carefully study the behavior of arrivals in
terms of the…
1. Number of travelers if FIT or GIT
FIT - Individual Travelers
GIT - Group Travelers
2. Demographics of the traveler
- This is where you came from, your
country, gender, how many male wne to
the Philippines, how many females went
to Davao, Age group etc,.
3. Psychographics and purpose
- Pertains to the things based on your
likes and dislikes.
- When the government agency looks at
the psychographics, one of the things
they ask is the purpose of the traveler.
What was your purpose when you
visited our country, what was your
purpose when you visited the mindanao
and visayas provinces. Is your reason
more on adventures, sports or business.
4. Place to visit
- The another part of the information you
will get for the database is the place
they will visit. Not because they arrived
in Manila that means they will really
visit, maybe it is just a connecting flight
or they will stay there for a couple of
hours because they will also catch
another plane ride from Manila to
another province.
5. Season
- Another information to put in the
database is when did these visitors
arrive at the destination. Was it peak or
lean season, during what month?
6. Means of arrival
- In the Philippines, the main mode of
transportation when you arrive in the
Philippines is air travel. If you are going
to use a yacht from Singapore to Manila
then it is water travel but you still need
to cross or go through in the
immigration.
Now after getting all this information,
you will put this in your database once
the tourists arrive. The purpose of this is
by knowing the numbers of travelers in
FIT or GIT, by knowing their
demographics, psychographics, the
places they visit and when they visit and
means of arrival. Then you can now
conceptualize and create a better tourist
product in order for you to give or
distribute this to your tourists. So that
they can consume this and it will be a
more feasible product because you
studied the database that you got on the
tourist arrival and called to help you
benefit from this.
Visitor (tourist) Expenditures
- As the total consumption expenditure
made by a visitor or on behalf of a visitor
for and during his/her trip and stay at
destination.
Why not also study their
expenditures during the arrival
stage?
- Because when they arrived in the
Philippines or in the destination they
have yet to spend, they just arrived.
- When you say tourist expenditure, you
are looking at the totality of the money
that they have spent.
- Do not choose the person who will stay
longer in the destination. Sometimes the
tourist expenditures of the people that
stayed in the destination for a shorter
period of time is higher than those
visitors who stayed in the destination for
a longer period of time. The two factors
are the length of stay and the person
who spends more in the destination.
Tourist Expenditures - the money living
in the pocket of the tourist. Where the
money leads the tourist.
Tourist Receipts - looking at the
expenditures going to the destination.
The money that goes to the destination
via tourist expenditure.
- Earned by a destination country from
inbound tourism and cover all tourism
receipts resulting from expenditure
made by visitors from abroad, on for
instance lodging, food and drinks, fuel,
transport in the country, entertainment,
shopping, etc.,
- So the visitor when they spend that is
tourist expenditure and what we receive
in the destination is called tourist
receipts.
* We need first to have a tourist
expenditure before having tourist
receipts.
However, the benefits of these tourist
receipts will go a long way, even outside
the industry. Its effects will multiply in the
whole economy and could possibly
maintain this for a longer period of time
until the time of its leakage.
Multiplier Effect
- an increase in spending produces an
increase in national income and
consumption greater than the initial
amount spent.
- the money that was paid by the tourists
will not just go to the operating sector of
tourism and affect those establishments
but also affect establishments which are
not directly part of the tourism industry
and affect the entire economy of the
country.
Three Kinds of Employment Tourism
Brings
1. Direct
- When a tourist spends in the
hotel industry, the money that
they will pay for the service of the
hotel will have a direct impact on
the hotel including its employees.
The money spent is directly given
to the hotel and the people
working there will be directly
benefited.
2. Indirect
- Since the hotel has a restaurant
when a tourist bought services
inside the hotel which includes
the food and beverage service it
has a direct effect. But when the
hotel or the restaurant buy
ingredients from the farmers or to
the manufactures then the hotel
and restaurant will pay them. The
part of the money they got from
the money that was paid to them
by the tourist will also go to the
farmers who are selling. Part of it
will go to the company who are
selling food in the restaurant just
like processed foods. So when
the restaurant or the hotel has
these kinds of companies it will
now have an indirect effect on
them.
3. Induced
- Since the farmer got the money.
The farmer will also use that to
buy clothes, fertilizers, and pay
for his kids studying which the
effects on the fertilizer company,
school and clothing store is called
induced effect or impact.
*The money that we get from the tourist
expenditures and tourist receipts will
affect the entire economy. It will stop
when the money will not be within our
economy anymore.
Example: part of that money will now go
to another country because we also
need to transact business with them.
Just like for example the clothing store,
the raw material of the clothes need to
be ordered abroad. That means the
money is not within our economy
anymore because that clothing store will
import raw materials from other
countries and they will pay a company
which is outside our country and outside
our economy that is what leakage is.
Purchasing Power
- The ability of people to buy goods and
services.
- Connected to disposable income. The
higher the disposable income you have,
the higher purchasing power you also
have. It is especially with those things
which are not your necessities.
- If you have a high purchasing power
this could mean that you have a large
amount of money. However, that is one
of the things that you look at.
Standard of Living
- Refers to the level of wealth, comfort,
material goods and necessities available
to a certain socioeconomic class or
geographic area.
* The higher the disposable income the
higher your purchasing power could be
and the better your standard of living
could also be.
The economic impact of tourism in
destinations is immense and provides
direct and secondary effects. Providing
a multiplier effect to the entire economy.
Negative impacts of tourism that
brings to the economy
* Remember if there is a positive impact
of tourism to the economy there will
always be negative impacts as well.
1. Inflation
- Pertains to the prices of goods
becoming high. Wherein the
people are being challenged
when it comes to buying the
products and services that might
not afford these products.
- The tourists may afford the
product in this certain destination
but the residents may not.
2. Overdependence in the industry
- We should consider first if the
area needs tourism to be
developed or not because there
could be some problems along
the way.
- Tourism industry is sensitive, that
is why if they become dependent
and hit by one of the issues then
that
would really be a problem to the area.
3. Leakage
4. Imbalance of government earnings to
its expenditures
- Poor tourism planning on the part
of the government can lead to an
imbalance in earnings to its
expenditures.
- Example: you want to attract
tourists to visit your area because
you are promoting your
municipality or city to become a
tourist destination. But you spend
too much just to develop this
area. The people or the tourists
that are going to your municipality
are only spending a little. This
could mean that the amount you
spent to develop your
 municipality is higher than the
amount you are earning. This
means that you already lost
because you spent too much on
the development of tourism.

- We can avoid this if we have

good tourism planning. Follow the
steps of planning and strategize
better and by doing that then we
can prevent this.

Cost-Benefit Ratio
- A measure that weighs the
potential profit or benefit an
investment is expected to
generate against its original
costs.

Cost - how much are you going to

spend?

Benefit - how much where you will

benefit from it?

- If the positive effect weighs heavier

than the negative effect then continue
with the plan. But if the negative effect
weighs heavier than the positive effect
then it either stops or rethink the plan
and strategize.

- The benefit should weigh heavier than

the cost of the project or tourism
programs.

- Remember that the benefit should

outweigh the cost.
Environmental Impact
* The quality of the environment, both
natural and man-made, is essential to
tourism. More than any other field of
activity, tourism depends on the
environment. However, its relationship
with tourism the environment is
complex.
* It involves many activities that can
have adverse environmental effects.
The responsibility of lowering the impact
of tourism over the environment belongs
equally to all the participants in tourist
activities.
Equally to all means the responsibility of
taking care and sustaining the
environment belongs to the tourist or
visitor to the community to the
government to the private sector and
non-profit organizations as well.
Not because the tourists who are the
users of the tourist product this means
the one providing those services will not
take care of the environment. In taking
care of the environment, all
stakeholders must be involved.
Stakeholders - people who could affect
and be affected by the programs or
projects of tourism.
* Environmental resources provide the
accessibility, the activity area, and the
service area for tourism. Thus this
imposes a variety of negative and
positive impacts (wanted or unwanted)
on the environment through the creation
of various by-products.
Tourism By-Products
- Something produced in the process of
making something else.
- An incidental or secondary
product made in during the
course of tourism development or
the activities engaged in.
Example of a by-product:
- An action of services to guests
inside a hotel especially those
resort hotels who are located in
front of the beach. The moment
you create waste inside and
outside of the hotel will have an
effect on the environment.
Environmental impact has been
broken into three categories
1. Travel - accessibility part
2. Tourism destination development
- the places where you do the
activities
3. Tourism associated activities -
where tourism services are being
provided
Effects of Travel to the Environment
* Fastest-growing emission sector as
it creates air pollution, including
nitrous oxide and particulates, and is a
significant contributor to global
warming through emission of carbon
dioxide.
* Transportation has a Biosecurity Risk.
* By subsector, road transport is the
largest contributor to global warming
because of the ozone reduction causing
acid rain that slowly eradicates life.
* The air-conditioning unit used by
vehicles produces CFCs that cause
ozone layer depletion.
* CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) are any of
several simple gaseous compounds that
contain carbon, chlorine, fluorine and
sometimes hydrogen that used as
refrigerants, cleaning solvents and
aerosol propellants and in the
manufacture of plastic foams, and that
are believed to be a major cause of
stratospheric ozone depletion.
* Transportation produces solid waste in
bulk through maintenance of the old
parts and when vehicles become old.
* Low water quality and non protection
of surface and drinking water.
* Adds to the energy crisis since the
transportation industry is a major user of
energy and burns most of the world’s
petroleum.
* Higher carbon footprint - use of
carbon in operating different equipment
in our daily life and it will affect the
environment (the total amount of
greenhouse gas emissions that come
from the production, use and end-of-life
of a product or service).
Tourism destination Development
* Strategic planning and advancement
of defined areas to support the evolution
of desirable destinations for travelers
with a sole focus on the supply side of
tourism, by providing compelling
experiences, quality infrastructure, and
remarkable services to entice repeat
visitation.
Meaning: more of the effect on the
environment if you decide to develop an
area to become a tourist destination.
Effect if you develop a destination
1. Infrastructural Requirements
- Construction of infrastructure like
roads and ports need large
spaces therefore cutting trees,
shrinking agricultural areas, and
even covering waterways.
- The government sacrifices so
much from the environment.
- If you need a very large space to
put up an infrastructure then
definitely you need to sacrifice a
large amount of the environment
like trees, agricultural areas.
2. Habitat Fragmentation
- Process during which a large
expanse of habitat is transformed
into a number of smaller patches
of smaller total area isolated from
each other by a matrix of habitats
unlike the original.
- Example: there are 20 wolves,
for the area to be accessible the
 government put up a highway in
the middle of the habitat that
results in packs of wolves
becoming smaller. The smaller
the pack, the less chances of
wolves to populate.
- When you put up a highway in a
hunting area for example, most of
the prey was left on the left side
of the highway, most of the
predators left on the right side of
the highway, which results in the
ecology becoming imbalanced.
- destroy the ecological balance
of ecology.
3. Zoning issue and noise
- Zoning refers to municipal or
local laws or regulations that
dictate how real property can and
cannot be used in certain
geographic areas.
- Zoning is a method in which the
government divides land into
areas within which certain land
uses are permitted or prohibited.
Metro Manila are divided into 3 zones
1. Residential zone - concentration
of residences like condominium,
villages and subdivisions.
2. Commercial zone - concentration
of commercial businesses that
pertains to businesses for profit.
Sm North Trinoma area wherein
there are so many commercial
establishments in the area -
commercial area example.
3. Industrial zone - concentration of
factories in the area.
- You cannot put businesses in
the middle of a residential area
just like a resort inside a
subdivision.
4. Inappropriate Development
- development could rob the
natural features of the
environment as a result of poor
planning.
Example: putting up a casino in a
place where there is not much
market traffic, a resort which is
not accessible that has a
tendency to not earn profit.
The problem here is not just the
profit you could have made but
the profit here is when you
constructed a casino or resort,
you failed to have proper
planning but already sacrificed
the environment.
- obstructing views, encroaching
public property (house on the
sidewalk), unneeded
infrastructure (even the
construction is not feasible but
continues to sacrifice the
environment), environmental
degradation.
Tourism associated activities
1. Overcrowding - since you are
offering tourism activities in the
area, tourists will now come in so
it means there will be an influx of
 tourists or visitors in that specific
area.
2. Traffic congestion - because the
area is overcrowded definitely
there is a possibility of traffic
congestion since there is a
demand of people to bring them
to the destination then they are
bringing their vehicles or with the
use transportation companies.
3. Pollution (noise, air, water, waste)
- because there are people and
vehicles going to that area to
undertake tourism or any
recreational activities then there
could be noise, air, water or
waste pollution of tourists. Since
there will be so many tourists or
visitors doing recreational
activities it could be noisy,
because they are bringing in
vehicles there could also be air
pollution, since they are doing
these recreational activities on
water then there’s a tendency
that could pollute the water and
lastly, there could be solid waste
issues example in the hotel, they
should think how they will
manage their waste system.
4. Inappropriate tourism provision -
there is a possibility that the
tourism activity is not appropriate
in the area. For example is when
the area really doesn’t need to
undertake recreational activities
because it will really damage the
area like camping. The moment
you have a bonfire, it can affect
the natural environment.
5. Loss of atmosphere - some areas
are religious such as temples
which people visit but because of
the number of people they are
also disturbing the peace, people
who went to meditate or pray.
Also, tourism activities that are
inappropriate and exceed the
carrying capacity can be a cause
to distract people who meditate
which results in a tourist not
going to the destination again
because of the overcrowded
area.
6. Unmanaged tourism activities - in
undertaking recreation the people
who are managing the
recreational establishment or
tourism establishment, they need
to appoint to either facilitate the
activity or at least somehow
manage the people doing the
activity in order for them to make
sure that they will not disturb the
environment or the people who
are also doing the other activity.
* This is where sustainability comes in
as it means that it satisfies the needs of
the present but not sacrificing the needs
of the future and vice versa.
There are some activities that should be
managed by the tourism product
provider as if it fails to be managed
definitely this will have an impact like
overcrowding, pollution, traffic
congestion and other tourism associated
activities.
Urban Sprawl (Expansion)
- is the rapid expansion of the
geographic extent of cities and towns,
often characterized by low-density
residential housing, single-use zoning,
and increased reliance on the private
automobile for transportation.
- This is when people from the rural area
went to the urban area. There’s a sprawl
of people. One of the main reasons is
because they are looking for greener
pastures, which means they see urban
areas as a place where you can live
better. The problem here is that if there
are too many people in the area there
will be no density on residential houses
and lap of residential housing. Another
one is the resources are now being
shared by many people. If people travel
to the city they are going to use the
resources but it is very limited.
Rural - undeveloped areas
Urban - developed areas
Urban Sprawl caused in part by the
need to accommodate a rising urban
population; however, in many
metropolitan areas it results from a
desire for increased living space and
other residential amenities.
Allows society to consume valuable
agricultural land due to urban
expansion.
- Instead of agricultural land being
used for farming, some investors
are trying to buy this land to put
up housing projects,
condominiums, and subdivisions.
Urban Sprawl has been correlated with
increased energy use, pollution and
traffic congestion and a decline in
community distinctiveness and
cohesiveness. In addition, by increasing
the physical and environmental
“footprints” (interaction with the
environment and whatever good
footprints you leave) of metropolitan
areas, the phenomenon leads to the
destruction of wildlife habitat and to the
fragmentation of remaining natural
areas.
Sociocultural Impact
Sociology - studies human societies,
their interactions and the processes that
preserve and change them.
- study of human social
relationships and institutions.
What is the connection of sociology and
tourism?
- Sociology is about your relationship
with others and remember that travel is
a social nature of man thus traveling
with a group makes the trip more
comfortable to him.
* In the early times during the time of
cavemen, they traveled because
traveling is in our nature and part of us.
Social pertains to society or a group of
people or community
Culture - way of life, how people live
Socio Cultural - relationship of the
society to their culture and the
combination of the factors of these two.
Nature of Sociocultural Impacts
- Relates to changes in societal value
systems, individual behavior, social
relationship, lifestyles, modes of
expression and community structures.
- is the changes it brings to the people in
their culture that could be positive that
we promote or negative that we
mitigate.
- there would be any impact if there will
be any changes because it is inevitable.
If you want to promote a positive
socio-cultural impact then expect that
there should be changes and how the
community will act but not totally change
just add a little to their life.
- The focus of the impacts tends to be
the host community which is the
community that accepts the guest or the
visitors such as the tourist or travelers.
For example, we are tourists and we
wanted to visit a tourist destination in
Cebu. The people residing or working in
that destination are the host community.
But it does not necessarily mean that
they will be the one who will be
providing the services we paid for.
Example that you are a guest of a
resort, which is located in a rural town. It
does not mean that only the resort that
could be considered as the host
community, even the people residing in
the vicinity of the resort can be
considered the host community
especially if you decided to go outside
the resort and interact with the
residents.The tourist host encounters
provide both social and cultural impacts.
There is a positive socio-cultural impact
if they will learn a new language but will
still communicate with their own dialect.
This means even if they learn a new
language they still communicate with
locals with their own dialect. But if they
will no longer practice their own dialect
and will only speak the language of
their visitors then that is the negative
impact.
Another example is they didn't use
technology before, such as cell phones.
Then visitors introduced and brought
cellphones to the community and
showed it to the kids. Those kids in the
community asked their parents to
purchase one and didn’t play Filipino
games anymore resulting in them
becoming lazy and just wanting to play
their gadget the whole day.
- States that sociocultural impacts are
about the effects on the people of host
communities, of their direct and indirect
associations with tourists.
- The tourist-host encounters provide
both social and cultural impacts.

Sociocultural perspective
1. The development of tourism as a
vehicle for economic modernization and
diversification almost invariably leads to
changes and developments in the
structure of society.
- In relation to the economic impact
of tourism in the society. When
people travel to the destination it
will provide income to the people
however the effect of this extends
to the well being of the
community or the locals or the
residents of the area.
- Education has a big social impact
on people.
2. Tourists inevitably take on holiday
their own beliefs, values and behavioral
modes which may be termed as
cultural baggage, mixing it with the
cultures of the host community.
- If you take a holiday and have a
vacation.
- Every time you travel to the
destination you always bring your
culture with you. You need to
make sure that your culture will
not negatively affect the lives or
culture of the destination of the
host community. You need to
make sure that your culture will
not clash or conflict with the
culture of the host community.
You are the guest in that
destination thus you need to
respect the culture of the people.
Social Effects of Tourism
1. Social Relation between people who
you do not normally meet.
- The only way for you to meet new
people you do not know is to
travel and experience tourism
related activities.
2. Acceptance of Cultures - language,
life-styles, beliefs.
- Tourism is very important for
people to understand how people
groups. You could only fully
understand if you only interact
with the people and immerse
yourself in their environment.
3. Behavior of the host population and
visitors reconcile with each other
- Both the host and visitors of the
destination need each other. The
host needs the visitor to help
them financially and the visitors
need the host as they are one
component of the destination.
- Before the visitors travel to a
destination, you need to educate
yourselves first, study and do research
where you are going. Respect the
culture of other people. The host
community should respect the culture of
the visitors and the visitors should
respect the culture of the host
community.
Displacement
- There are many instances where local
people are being moved away from their
place of residence to make way for
tourism development. This is termed as Homeostasis
“Spatial Displacement.” Land is taken ● Ability to maintain a relatively
for various reasons such as stable internal state that persists
constructions of infrastructure. despite changes in the world
outside.
Example: the government wanted to ● Any self-regulating process by
improve the traffic situation or which biological systems tend to
accessibility maintain stability.
of the tourist destination as they will ● Homeostasis can be threatened
widen the road leading to the destination by stress
or in the destination itself. Another one
is the construction of airports. The Stress
residents or people living in the lands ● a state of mental or emotional
where roads or airports will be strain or tension resulting from
constructed will be displaced and look adverse or very demanding
for other places to reside as it was a circumstance
negative effect to the residents.
Tension
* Much work has been undertaken to ● a feeling of nervousness that
identify ways in which the impact of makes you unable to relax; the
tourism on local communities might be act or process of stretching
lessened. Attempts should be something tight. Condition of so
undertaken to involve local communities being stretched
in tourism development and
management. Anxieties
● a feeling of worry, nervousness,
UNIT 5: 3 PILLARS OF or unease, typically about an
SUSTAINABILITY imminent event or something with
an uncertain outcome.
Sustainability
Process of people maintaining change
in a homeostasis balanced environment, Note: Sustainability focuses on meeting
in which the exploitation of resources, the needs of the present without
the direction of investments, the compromising the ability of the future
orientation of technological development generation to meet their needs
and institutional change are all in
harmony and enhance both current and
future potential to meet human needs 1st pillar of sustainability:
and aspirations ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
 - Defined as responsible
interaction with the environment
to avoid depletion or degradation
of natural resources and allow for
long-term environmental quality.
- Responsibly interacting with the
planet to maintain natural
resources and avoid jeopardizing
the ability for future generations
to meet their needs.
Why is environmental sustainability
important to tourism?
- Because in tourism, people visit
destinations that offer both
natural and man-made sites. If
these areas will not be sustained,
tourists will not support visiting
these places.
Well-being is important in social
sustainability. As well-being is its own
measurement of health, comforting life
and happiness.
* Having a house is already a
well-being. Having the things you see
inside your house is also considered as
well-being.
* Well-being is not just seen inside the
house but also outside our house could
affect our well-being
* In order to call equality you need to
satisfy the needs of the individual as it is
connected to our well-being.
2nd pillar of sustainability: SOCIAL
SUSTAINABILITY
- The ability of a social system, such as
a country, to function at a defined level
of social well being indefinitely.
- The ability of a community to develop
processes and structures which not only
meet the needs of its current members
but also support the ability of future
generations to maintain a healthy
community.
- A process for creating sustainable
successful places that promote
well-being by understanding what
people need from the places they live
and work. It combines design of the
physical realm with design of the social
world-infrastructure to support social
and cultural life, social amenities,
systems for citizen engagement, and
space for people and places to evolve.
There are two sides of looking at Social
Sustainability: Preserving Culture and
the Need to Develop the environment
for the promotion of well-being.
* Culture dies and in order for it not to
die you should practice it.
Connection of Social Sustainability to
Tourism
THE FIRST FACET:
- There are direct and indirect effects on
host communities of the relations with
tourists, and of interaction with the
tourism industry.
* As much as possible you should
lessen the impact of tourism in the
culture of the people. The priority should
be the culture and not the tourism site.
Don’t commercialize the culture. You
need to protect and preserve it.
By preserving local culture, tourists will
understand and appreciate other
people. They will also join the cause to
help sustain a culture which before they
don’t realize exists or at least don’t fully
understand.
* There are many people that don't
understand the culture of other Filipinos
and it has a negative effect. One way to
know their culture is to visit the place
and interact with people to be
emotionally and socially attached to the
tribes to understand, sustain, promote
and help them to protect their culture.
* The environment is also part of
SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY.
Many destinations will make a
conserved effort to preserve and protect
the local culture. This often contributes
to the conservation and sustainable
management of natural resources as
well, the protection of local heritage and
a renaissance of indigenous cultures,
cultural arts and crafts.
SECOND FACET:
The most important of all men’s
resources are not the natural
resources, not its financial, nor its
technical resources. It is the human
resource. The social pillar needs to
support sustainable programs as they
will be the one implementing these. The
effect on both the environmental and
economic pillars will greatly affect the
social pillar as people surround the first
two
* Since the most important resource of
all is people then the one who will
sustain, preserve and conserve the
business is people.
* People are very important human
resources, so you should think of a way
in order to sustain their well-being. This
is where the different programs of the
government come in like human rights,
fair labor practices.
This is why both the government and
the private sector promote human rights,
fair labor practices, living conditions,
health, safety, wellness diversity, equity,
work-life balance, empowerment,
community engagement, philanthropy,
volunteerism and infrastructure designs.
All of these will lead to well-being.
3rd pillar of sustainability: ECONOMIC
SUSTAINABILITY
Economics pertains to money, profit and
livelihood to earn profit.
- Refers to practices that support
long-term economic growth without
negatively impacting social,
environmental and cultural aspects of
the community.
If you want to earn money you will not
sacrifice the social and environmental
pillar because if you do in the long run
the economy of your business will also
be affected.
The danger of considering of the
Economic Pillar alone in Tourism
- Although there is much emphasis
today placed on matching the tourist
products & markets, this should be done
within the framework of maintaining
sustainable development & not
generating serious environmental or
socio-cultural problems.
- Completely market-led approach to
tourism development may demand
environmental degradation & loss of
socio-cultural integrity to the tourism
area, even though it brings short-term
economic benefits.
Market led approach pertains to your
focus in satisfying the needs of your
clients. But completely having a market
led approach is not good because the
only thing you are thinking of is the
satisfaction of your client. You can have
a market led approach but you also
need to consider the environmental and
social aspect as well.
- There should be balance in economic,
environmental & social approach within
the framework of maintaining
sustainable development.
- It is sometimes too easy for an area to
rely on tourism, as a growing sector, to
the neglect of its other potential.
- Tourism should not be seen
categorically as a panacea to solve a
community’s economic problems.
Do not push tourism if it is not feasible
to your municipality, don’t put hotels if
there’s no need for hotels in the area,
don’t push fnb if there’s no sense of
putting fnb in the area. One thing you
need to have first is the market. And
how could people go to our area if there
are no attractions. Remember that
attractions attract people to visit the
area and the hotels and restaurants are
there to support.
- Each place must be carefully
evaluated in terms of its tourism
attraction potential, based on both its
own resources and the possible
domestic & external markets.
Study the place first carefully before you
develop tourism.
Sustainable Tourism
- travel designed to minimize the impact
of humans on the places they visit,
encourage protection of both cultural
heritage and the environment and
provide long- term, socially just
economic opportunities for local
residents.
- It is not a form of tourism. It is more on
a type of tourism that should be
integrated with other forms of tourism. It
is a practice that should be done in a
destination where there is also a form of
tourism existing.
TOOLS OF SUSTAINABILITY
1. Visitor Management
- Refers to tracking the visitor usage of
the destination by providing
management strategies to protect the
environmental area and sustain quality
of experience by these visitors.
- The strategies will focus on
managing the visitors of the
destination or the establishment.
Managing the visitors is not just
about experiences and focusing
on them, you should also
consider the environment that
could be natural, man-made and
the people living in that
environment.
- Plays an essential role in protecting
the ecological sustainability of protected
areas, providing funding and business
opportunities and enabling visitors to
obtain worthwhile experiences from their
visit.
Visitor Management Approaches
* Regulation - those guidelines or rules
that the visitor should follow.
- There is a regulation in order for
us to regulate our actions in that
area.
- It exists to protect the
environment, to protect the
people in that area in terms of
social and environmental and in
order also for people to sustain
the quality of experiences.
* Education for visitors
- Before conducting the tour, the
tourist should be properly
oriented on what to do.
* Research after allowing destination
operation to know visitors need
- You need to study if your
regulation and education that you
give is really working and if not
then you need to introduce a new
way to educate your visitor. The
only way to find out after the
destination or establishment
movement is when you are
already accepting visitors.
2. Carrying Capacity
- Allowing number of users one area
can accommodate.
- is the maximum number of people who
can use a site without an unacceptable
alteration in the physical environment &
without an unacceptable decline in the
quality of experience gained by visitors,
adverse impact on the society, economy
& culture of the tourism area.
- Every time you exceed the carrying
capacity of the destination there will be
an effect on the environment and also to
the user of the environment.
Carrying Capacity Analysis
- basic technique in tourism and
recreation planning to systematically
determine the upper limits of
development and visitor use and
optimum utilization of tourism resources.
- just by looking at the area, just by the
experiences of the visitors itself, through
formulas and even laws can be a
technique for carrying capacity analysis.
Measurement Criteria
1. Indigenous physical and
socioeconomic environment
- Refers to the capacity that can be
achieved without resulting in
damage to the physical
environment & generating socio
cultural & economic problems to
the local community & * Exceeding carrying capacity could
maintaining proper balance
between development & 1. The environment
conservation.
- Example: if the beach is already
overcrowded this means it
already exceeded the carrying
capacity. People or the
destination might not handle the
waste being accumulated by that
number. Also, if you go to the
mountain and you exceed the
carrying capacity it can affect the
surroundings. If the area is
becoming overcrowded, people
create their own track.
- Effect to the environment and the
effect to the people living in that
environment.
* The people sir referring to the
socioeconomic people are the locals.
2. Tourism image & tourist product
- Refers to the capacity or number of
visitors that are compatible with the
image of the tourist product and the type
of environmental and cultural
experiences that the visitors are
seeking. When the area becomes
saturated, the very attractions that
visitors come to experience may be
destroyed or degraded and the
destination will decline in quality and
popularity.
- Its effect is based on what the tourists
are feeling.
affect:
2. The people living in the area
include the culture, way of life
and the livelihood.
3. How the tourist thinks about the
destination or establishment
4. Their experiences will not be
good.
3. Corporate Environmental
Management
- Company’s strategies to reduce
the absolute or relative impact of
a process or product on the
environment.
- It is widely recognised that firms,
through better management
practices, can play a major role in
addressing many environmental
problems.
This is the strategy by companies in
order to help in sustaining the
environment.
Examples:
1. In New Zealand that uses solar power
in buses.
2. In the hotel in Japan, they are filtering
the water you use in the shower it will be
the one who will come out in the toilet.
- Companies have responsibilities to
manage the effect of their operation on
the environment in the most effective
and efficient manner.
- Many companies have taken steps to
assess, monitor and report on their
environmental performance to the
public.
- They have efforts, programs and
projects to sustain the environment.
Pressuring to undertake CEM
- Customers
- Socially concerned investors
- Environmental groups
- Government
- National organizations
4. Environmental Impact Assessment
(BEFORE)
- The information from the EIA
assists decision makers in
evaluating the consequences of a
development and thus deciding
whether an application should be
approved or made conditional on
implementing environmental
management procedures.
- Before putting up infrastructure
and doing a project you need to
assess first the impact to the
environment.
5. Environmental Auditing (After)
- Systematic, documented, periodic and
objective process in assessing an
organization's activities and services in
relation to its environmental impact.
- A type of evaluation intended to
identify environmental compliance and
management system implementation
gaps, along with related corrective
actions.
- This is after the program has been
implemented or infrastructure already
constructed then the environmental
auditing is the next thing to do. Maybe
the assessment is not enough, at least
there is an auditing to solve issues.
6. Environmental Policies
- Defined as a government’s chosen
course of action or plan to address
issues such as pollution, wildlife
protection, land use, energy production
and use, waste generation and waste
disposal.
- Different laws which were created to
assure at least to mitigate the problems
that these laws will be followed by
different individuals, companies,
establishments or even the government
itself should follow this.
- Examples of environmental laws in the
Philippines: Clean Air Act, Clean Water
Act, Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act among others to make
sure that people have a law to follow
and they will be guided on their proper
action in order to sustain the
environment.

- If we don’t have laws the people will be

unruly and also the businesses.