Mobile Communication Technologies Course

By : Abdelrahman M. Osama
Mobile Communication
Part 1 - Site Design

Abdelrahman M. Osama
 Agenda
• Site Design
• Access Network KPIs & Data Analytics
• RF Planning Process & Capacity Aspects
• Career Path.
 Mobile Communication Players
• Operators
• Vendors
• Sub Contractors
• End User
Site Types
Site Types
 Site Types
• Macro – Green field
– To provide wide coverage indoor / outdoor rural areas &
roads
 Site Types
• Macro – Roof top
– To provide wide Coverage & Capacity for indoor / outdoor
urban areas & cities
 Site Types
• Macro – Cell on Wheels (COW)
– Used as a Temporary solution to provide coverage and
capacity for a certain duration (events)
Site Types
Site Types
Site Types
Site Equipment's
 Site Equipment
Antenna

Air Interface

Radio Unit

Feeder
Jumper Cable

Baseband Unit Transmission

CPRI Cable
 Site Equipment
• Site Equipment Subsystems:
– RF Subsystem
– Baseband Subsystem
– Transmission Subsystem
– Power & Alarm Subsystem
 Site Equipment
• Site Equipment Subsystems:
– RF Subsystem
– Baseband Subsystem
– Transmission Subsystem
– Power & Alarm Subsystem
 Site Equipment
• Radio Frequency Subsystem consists of :
– Antenna

– Radio Unit
 Site Equipment
Antenna types
➢ Omni-Directional Antennas
o Omni-directional antennas have a uniform radiation
pattern with respect to horizontal directions.
o Used in the indoor solutions

➢ Uni-Directional Antennas
o A uni-directional antenna has a non-uniform horizontal
and vertical radiation pattern
o Used in sectored cells.
o The radiated power is concentrated in one direction.
 Site Equipment
• Radiation Pattern

• How could we reform the antenna pattern?

oInput Current amplitude.
oInput current phase.
oGeographical shape of the radiating element.
 Site Equipment

➢ Main Antenna Parameters

o Horizontal Beam-width

o Vertical Beam-width
 Site Equipment
➢ Main Antenna Parameters (Cont’d)
o Tilting
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
 Site Equipment
• Antenna Parameters:
– Freq Band
– Ports
– Patterns
– Vertical Beam Width
– Horizontal Beam Width
– Tilting
• Electrical Tilt
• Mechanical Tilt
 Site Equipment
• Antenna Vendors:
– Commscope
– Comba
– Andrew
– Huawei
– PowerWave
– Kathrin
– Cellmax
– Jaybeam
 Site Equipment
• Radio Unit Characteristics :
– Frequency Band
– Power Amplifier
 Site Equipment
• Radio Unit HW:
 Site Equipment
• Radio Unit HW:
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
 Site Equipment
• Site Equipment Subsystems:
– RF Subsystem
– Baseband Subsystem
– Transmission Subsystem
– Power & Alarm Subsystem
 Site Equipment
• Baseband Subsystem
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
 Site Equipment
• Site Equipment Subsystems:
– RF Subsystem
– Baseband Subsystem
– Transmission Subsystem
– Power & Alarm Subsystem
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
Site Equipment
Key Performance Indicators
(KPIs)
 KPIs
• Definition
“Key Performance Indicators” it is a general term used to
define the keys or observations through which you can
judge if the performance is good or not.

(A) Accessibility: The ability of users to access the network.

(B) Retainability: The ability of users to successfully

continue their connections with the network until it is
terminated in a normal way.

(C) Service Integrity: The ability to keep the quality of the

service good enough during the connection with the network
 KPIs
• Classifications
(A) Accessibility KPIs:
1. Paging Success Rate
2. Random Access
3. SDCCH Congestion (Blocking)
4. TCH Blocking
5. SDCCH Drop
(B) Retainability KPIs:
1. TCH Drop Rate
2. Handover Success Rate

(C) Service Integrity KPIs:

1. Rxqual (Received Signal Quality)
2. SQI (Speech Quality Indicator)
 KPIs

• Service Integrity
1.Rxqual
❑It is obtained by averaging the Bit Error Rate over a certain
period ~ 0.5 sec and it is measured in both the Downlink and Uplink

❑Rxqual take values from 0 (Best) → 7 (Worst) and gives

indication for the quality of the radio environment.
 KPIs

2.SQI (Speech Quality Index)

❑Is a good measure for the end user perceived speech quality.

❑The algorithm used for calculation the SQI takes into account the BER, the
distribution of BER, the FER (Frame Erasure Rate) and the codec used (HR,
FR, EFR).

❑Typically, the SQI take values from 0 (Worst) → 30 (Best), on HR

connection SQImax=17dBQ, FR connection SQImax=22dBQ, EFR connection
SQImax=30dBQ

▪N.B: HR ≡ Half Rate, FR ≡ Full Rate, EFR ≡ Enhance Full Rate

• Accessibility KPIs

TCH Traffic

TCH Blocking

Defined TCH Channels

• Retainability KPIs

TCH Traffic

TCH Drop Rate

 KPIs
• Retainability – Drop Reasons

BQ Both Links
BQ Downlink
BQ Uplink
Low SS Both Links
Low SS Downlink
Low SS Uplink
Sudden Lost
KPIs Area Analytics
 Agenda
• Area 1 Analysis
• Area 2 Analysis
• Area 3 Analysis
• Area 4 Analysis
 Agenda
• Area 1 Analysis
• Area 2 Analysis
• Area 3 Analysis
• Area 4 Analysis
 2G Area 1
Speech Traffic Vs CFR CFR
20000 +0.06% CFR Enhanced 0.50

19000 Degradation 0.45

18000 0.40

17000 0.35

16000 0.30

15000 0.25

14000 0.20

13000 0.15

12000 0.10

11000 0.05

10000 0.00

13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
28-Sep
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug
24-Aug
29-Aug
3-Sep
8-Sep

13-Oct
18-Oct
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul

30-Jul

3-Oct
8-Oct
25-Jul

Sum of SPEECH_TRAFFIC Sum of CFR

 2G Area 1
CPCONG Vs CFR Vs DCLR Vs AFR
2.200
2.000
1.800
1.600
1.400
1.200
1.000
0.800
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000

13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
28-Sep
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug
24-Aug
29-Aug
3-Sep
8-Sep

13-Oct
18-Oct
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul

3-Oct
8-Oct
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul

30-Jul
25-Jul

Sum of CPCONG Sum of CFR Sum of DCLR Sum of AFR

METRIC Correlatin Coeff.

DCLR-CPCONG 0.101502578
AFR-CPCONG 0.475548659
CRF-CPCONG 0.456175977
 0.05
0.55

0.00
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
20-Jun
24-Jun
28-Jun
2-Jul
6-Jul
10-Jul
14-Jul
18-Jul
22-Jul
26-Jul
30-Jul

= 0.98
3-Aug
7-Aug
11-Aug

Sum of CFR
15-Aug
19-Aug
23-Aug
AFR & CFR

27-Aug
31-Aug
2G Area 1

Sum of AFR
4-Sep

Correlation Coefficient
8-Sep
12-Sep
16-Sep
20-Sep
24-Sep
28-Sep
2-Oct
6-Oct
10-Oct
14-Oct
18-Oct
 2G Area 1

Speech Traffic Vs DCLR

DCLR
20000 0.75
+0.04%DCLR Enhanced
19000
Degradation 0.70
18000
17000 0.65
16000 0.60
15000
14000 0.55
13000 0.50
12000
0.45
11000
10000 0.40
5-Aug

4-Sep
9-Sep
14-Sep
19-Sep
24-Sep
29-Sep
10-Aug
15-Aug
20-Aug
25-Aug
30-Aug

14-Oct
21-Jun
26-Jun
1-Jul
6-Jul
11-Jul
16-Jul
21-Jul
26-Jul
31-Jul

4-Oct
9-Oct
Sum of SPEECH_TRAFFIC Sum of DCLR
 2G Area 1 - Summary
• CFR , ARF & DCLR degraded since 17-Aug
2020.

• CFR , ARF & DCLR Enhanced since 6-Oct 2020.

Week3 SPEECH_TRAFFIC CFR AFR DCLR

June 16715.03 0.01 0.11 0.59
July 17351.53 0.03 0.12 0.55
Aug 17100.93 0.06 0.14 0.56
Sept 16532.92 0.25 0.32 0.52
Oct 17793.21 0.01 0.08 0.54
 5000
0
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
20-Jun
24-Jun
28-Jun
2-Jul
6-Jul
10-Jul
14-Jul
18-Jul
22-Jul
26-Jul
30-Jul
3-Aug
7-Aug

UMTS-2100-C1
11-Aug
15-Aug
19-Aug
23-Aug
Speech Traffic

27-Aug
3G Area 1

31-Aug
UMTS-2100-C2 4-Sep
8-Sep
12-Sep
16-Sep
20-Sep
24-Sep
28-Sep
2-Oct
6-Oct
10-Oct
14-Oct
18-Oct
 10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%

0%
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul

UMTS-2100-C1
30-Jul
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug
24-Aug
by 50%

UMTS-2100-C2
29-Aug
Speech Traffic %

3-Sep
3G Area 1

8-Sep
13-Sep
U900-C1 offloaded

18-Sep
UMTS-900-C1

23-Sep
28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
by 70 %

13-Oct
18-Oct
U900-C1 offloaded
 0
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000

200000
400000
600000
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul

UMTS-2100-C1
25-Jul
30-Jul
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug
Data Traffic

24-Aug

UMTS-2100-C2
29-Aug
3G Area 1

3-Sep
8-Sep
13-Sep
18-Sep
UMTS-900-C1

23-Sep
28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
13-Oct
18-Oct
 10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%

0%
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul
30-Jul
4-Aug
9-Aug
offloaded by 47%

14-Aug
U2100-C1 & C2 are

UMTS-2100-C1
19-Aug
24-Aug
Data Traffic %

29-Aug
3G Area 1

3-Sep
8-Sep
UMTS-2100-C2

13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
13-Oct
18-Oct
 0
1

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul

UMTS-2100-C1
30-Jul
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug
CFR

24-Aug

UMTS-2100-C2
29-Aug
3-Sep
8-Sep
3G Area 1

13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
UMTS-900-C1

28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
13-Oct
18-Oct
 0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.4
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul

UMTS-2100-C1
30-Jul
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug
DCLR

24-Aug

UMTS-2100-C2
29-Aug
3-Sep
3G Area 1

8-Sep
13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
UMTS-900-C1

28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
13-Oct
18-Oct
 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul

UMTS-2100-C1
30-Jul
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug
IRAT

24-Aug
29-Aug

UMTS-2100-C2
3-Sep
8-Sep
3G Area 1

13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
UMTS-900-C1

28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
13-Oct
18-Oct
 40000
45000
50000
55000
60000
65000
70000
20-Jun
26-Jun
2-Jul
8-Jul
14-Jul
20-Jul
26-Jul
1-Aug
7-Aug
13-Aug

Total
19-Aug
25-Aug
31-Aug
3G Area 1

6-Sep
Total Speech Traffic

12-Sep
18-Sep
24-Sep
30-Sep
6-Oct
12-Oct
18-Oct
 3700000

2500000
2700000
2900000
3100000
3300000
3500000
3900000
20-Jun
26-Jun
2-Jul
8-Jul
14-Jul
20-Jul
26-Jul
1-Aug
7-Aug
13-Aug
19-Aug
25-Aug
31-Aug
Total Data Traffic
3G Area 1

6-Sep
12-Sep
= 15%

18-Sep
24-Sep
30-Sep
6-Oct
12-Oct
Total Data Traffic loss

18-Oct
 3G Area 1 - Summary
• Speech & Data Traffic Strategy changed on 2-
Sept 2020
– Pushing Voice over U2100
– Pushing Data over U900-C1 Impacting CFR &
DCLR.
 Agenda
• Area 1 Analysis
• Area 2 Analysis
• Area 3 Analysis
• Area 4 Analysis
 8000000
9000000
10000000
11000000
12000000
13000000
14000000
15000000
16000000
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul
30-Jul
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug
24-Aug
29-Aug
Total Data Traffic

3-Sep
4G Area 2

8-Sep
13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
13-Oct
18-Oct
%
+20
 0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
12000000
14000000
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul

LTE_L09
30-Jul
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug

LTE_L18
19-Aug
24-Aug
29-Aug
3-Sep
4G Area 2

LTE_L21
8-Sep
Total Data Traffic Per Band

13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
13-Oct
18-Oct
 20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%

0%
10%
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul
30-Jul

LTE_L09
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug

LTE_L18
24-Aug
Total Traffic %

29-Aug
3-Sep

LTE_L21
4G Area 2

8-Sep
13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
13-Oct
18-Oct
 10
12
13
14
15
16

11
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul
30-Jul
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug
24-Aug
29-Aug
3-Sep
Avg DL User Thrpt
4G Area 2

8-Sep
13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
13-Oct
18-Oct
+
9%
 5
7
9
11
13
15
19
21
23
25
27
29

17
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun

+
5-Jul
10-Jul

35%
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul
30-Jul

LTE_L09
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug

LTE_L18
24-Aug
29-Aug
+ 25%

3-Sep
4G Area 2

8-Sep
LTE_L21
13-Sep
Avg DL User Thrpt Per Band

18-Sep
23-Sep
28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
13-Oct
18-Oct
 4G Area 2

Traffic Vs Avg DL User Thrpt - L900

3000000 9
8
2500000
7
2000000 6
5
1500000
4
1000000 3
2
500000
1
0 0
4-Aug
9-Aug

3-Sep
8-Sep
13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
28-Sep
14-Aug
19-Aug
24-Aug
29-Aug

13-Oct
18-Oct
5-Jul
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun

10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul
30-Jul

3-Oct
8-Oct
LTE_L09 - Sum of DATA_TRAFFIC LTE_L09 - Average of AVG_DL_USER_Throughput
 4G Area 2

Traffic Vs Avg DL User Thrpt - L1800

2500000 14
12
2000000
10
1500000 8
1000000 6
4
500000
2
0 0

13-Sep

23-Sep
28-Sep
4-Aug
9-Aug

3-Sep
8-Sep

18-Sep
14-Aug
19-Aug
24-Aug
29-Aug

13-Oct
18-Oct
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul

3-Oct
8-Oct
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul
30-Jul

LTE_L18 - Sum of DATA_TRAFFIC LTE_L18 - Average of AVG_DL_USER_Throughput

 4G Area 2
Traffic Vs Avg DL User Thrpt – L2100
14000000 30
12000000
BW Traffic
25
10000000
Upgrade Steering
20
8000000
15
6000000
10
4000000
2000000 5

0 0

13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
28-Sep
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug
24-Aug
29-Aug
3-Sep
8-Sep

13-Oct
18-Oct
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul

3-Oct
8-Oct
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul
30-Jul

LTE_L21 - Sum of DATA_TRAFFIC LTE_L21 - Average of AVG_DL_USER_Throughput

+42% Data Traffic +16% Thrpt

 4G Area 2 - Summary
• L2100 bandwidth upgrade ( from 10M ➔ 15M
) on 26-july 2020

• Traffic Steering towards L2100 on 11-Aug 2020

• 42% Data Traffic Increase and 16% Thrpt

Increase
 60000
65000
70000
75000
80000
85000
90000
95000
100000
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul
30-Jul
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug
24-Aug
29-Aug
3-Sep
3G Area 2
Total Speech Traffic

8-Sep
13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
13-Oct
18-Oct
 5000000
5500000
6000000
6500000

4000000
4500000
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul
30-Jul
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug
24-Aug
29-Aug
Total Data Traffic

3-Sep
3G Area 2

8-Sep
13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
13-Oct
18-Oct
 0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
20-Jun
24-Jun
28-Jun
2-Jul
6-Jul
10-Jul
14-Jul
18-Jul
22-Jul
26-Jul

UMTS-2100-C1
30-Jul
3-Aug
7-Aug
11-Aug
15-Aug
19-Aug
23-Aug

UMTS-2100-C2
27-Aug
Speech Traffic

31-Aug
4-Sep
3G Area 2

8-Sep
12-Sep
16-Sep
20-Sep
UMTS-900-C1

24-Sep
28-Sep
2-Oct
6-Oct
10-Oct
14-Oct
18-Oct
 10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%

0%
20-Jun
24-Jun
28-Jun
2-Jul
6-Jul
10-Jul
14-Jul
18-Jul
22-Jul
26-Jul
30-Jul

UMTS-2100-C1
3-Aug
7-Aug
11-Aug
15-Aug
19-Aug
23-Aug

UMTS-2100-C2
SpeechTraffic

27-Aug
31-Aug
3G Area 2

4-Sep
8-Sep
12-Sep
16-Sep
UMTS-900-C1

20-Sep
24-Sep
28-Sep
2-Oct
6-Oct
10-Oct
14-Oct
18-Oct
 0
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
4500000
5000000

500000
20-Jun
24-Jun
28-Jun
2-Jul
6-Jul
10-Jul
14-Jul
18-Jul
22-Jul
26-Jul

UMTS-2100-C1
30-Jul
3-Aug
7-Aug
11-Aug
15-Aug
19-Aug
DataTraffic

23-Aug

UMTS-2100-C2
27-Aug
31-Aug
3G Area 2

4-Sep
8-Sep
12-Sep
16-Sep
UMTS-900-C1

20-Sep
24-Sep
28-Sep
2-Oct
6-Oct
10-Oct
14-Oct
18-Oct
 100%

10%
20%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%

0%
30%
90%
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul

UMTS-2100-C1
30-Jul
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug
24-Aug
DataTraffic

UMTS-2100-C2
29-Aug
3-Sep
3G Area 2

8-Sep
13-Sep
18-Sep
UMTS-900-C1

23-Sep
28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
13-Oct
18-Oct
 0
1

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.6
20-Jun
25-Jun
29-Jun
3-Jul
7-Jul
11-Jul
15-Jul
19-Jul
23-Jul
27-Jul

UMTS-2100-C1
31-Jul
4-Aug
8-Aug
12-Aug
16-Aug
CFR

20-Aug
24-Aug

UMTS-2100-C2
28-Aug
1-Sep
3G Area 2

5-Sep
9-Sep
13-Sep
18-Sep
22-Sep
UMTS-900-C1

26-Sep
30-Sep
4-Oct
8-Oct
12-Oct
16-Oct
 0
1

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
20-Jun
24-Jun
28-Jun
2-Jul
6-Jul
10-Jul
14-Jul
18-Jul
23-Jul
27-Jul
31-Jul

UMTS-2100-C1
4-Aug
8-Aug
12-Aug
16-Aug
20-Aug
DCLR

24-Aug

UMTS-2100-C2
28-Aug
3G Area 2

1-Sep
5-Sep
9-Sep
13-Sep
17-Sep
21-Sep
UMTS-900-C1

25-Sep
29-Sep
3-Oct
7-Oct
11-Oct
15-Oct
 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
20-Jun
25-Jun
29-Jun
3-Jul
7-Jul
11-Jul
15-Jul
19-Jul
24-Jul
28-Jul
1-Aug

UMTS-2100-C1
5-Aug
9-Aug
13-Aug
17-Aug
IRAT

21-Aug
25-Aug

UMTS-2100-C2
29-Aug
2-Sep
3G Area 2

6-Sep
10-Sep
14-Sep
18-Sep
22-Sep
UMTS-900-C1

26-Sep
30-Sep
4-Oct
8-Oct
12-Oct
16-Oct
 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
20-Jun
25-Jun
29-Jun
3-Jul
7-Jul
11-Jul
15-Jul
19-Jul
24-Jul
28-Jul
1-Aug
5-Aug
9-Aug
13-Aug

Average of CFR
17-Aug
21-Aug
25-Aug
29-Aug
2-Sep
3G Area 2

Avg of DCLR & CFR

Average of DCLR 6-Sep

10-Sep
14-Sep
18-Sep
22-Sep
26-Sep
30-Sep
4-Oct
8-Oct
12-Oct
16-Oct
 10

2
3
4
5
6
8
9

7
20-Jun
25-Jun
29-Jun
3-Jul
7-Jul
11-Jul
15-Jul
19-Jul
24-Jul
28-Jul
1-Aug
5-Aug
9-Aug
13-Aug
17-Aug
21-Aug
Avg IRAT

25-Aug
29-Aug
2-Sep
3G Area 2

6-Sep
10-Sep
14-Sep
18-Sep
22-Sep
26-Sep
30-Sep
4-Oct
8-Oct
12-Oct
16-Oct
 100000

60000
65000
70000
75000
80000
85000
90000
95000
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul
30-Jul
4-Aug
9-Aug
14-Aug
19-Aug
24-Aug
Speech Traffic

29-Aug
3-Sep
8-Sep
13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
3G Area 2 – Cluster

28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
13-Oct
18-Oct
 3G Area 2 – Cluster
Data Traffic Vs Hsdpa User Thrpt
6500000 800

6000000 700
600
5500000
500
5000000
400
4500000
300
4000000
200
3500000 100
3000000 0

13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
28-Sep
4-Aug
9-Aug

3-Sep
8-Sep
14-Aug
19-Aug
24-Aug
29-Aug

13-Oct
18-Oct
20-Jun
25-Jun
30-Jun
5-Jul
10-Jul
15-Jul
20-Jul
25-Jul
30-Jul

3-Oct
8-Oct
Sum of DATA_TRAFFIC Sum of HSDPA_USER_Thr

-7% Data Traffic -22% Thrpt

 3G Area 2 - Summary
• Off U2100-C2 on 23-July 2020.

• Injecting U2100-C2 for LTE on 24-July 2020.

• 7% Data Traffic Loss and 22% DL Thrpt

degradation over 3G.
 Agenda
• Area 1 Analysis
• Area 2 Analysis
• Area 3 Analysis
• Area 4 Analysis
 4G Area 3
Data Traffic Vs DL User Thrpt
70000000 24
22
60000000
20
50000000 18
40000000 16
14
30000000 12
20000000 10
8
10000000
6
0 4

10-Sep
14-Sep
18-Sep
22-Sep
26-Sep
30-Sep
1-Aug
5-Aug
9-Aug

2-Sep
6-Sep
13-Aug
17-Aug
21-Aug
25-Aug
29-Aug

12-Oct
16-Oct
14-Jun
18-Jun
22-Jun
26-Jun
30-Jun

12-Jul
16-Jul
20-Jul
24-Jul
28-Jul
4-Jul
8-Jul

4-Oct
8-Oct
Sum of DATA_TRAFFIC Sum of NON_CA_DL_User_Throu
Sum of CA_DL_User_Throu Sum of AVG_DL_USER_Thr
 3G Area 3

Speech Traffic Vs Hsdpa User Thrpt Full Buffer

120000 6.8
110000 6.6
100000 6.4
6.2
90000
6
80000
5.8
70000
5.6
60000 5.4
50000 5.2
40000 5

10-Sep
14-Sep
18-Sep
22-Sep
26-Sep
30-Sep
1-Aug
5-Aug
9-Aug

2-Sep
6-Sep
13-Aug
17-Aug
21-Aug
25-Aug
29-Aug

12-Oct
16-Oct
4-Jul
8-Jul

4-Oct
8-Oct
14-Jun
18-Jun
22-Jun
26-Jun
30-Jun

12-Jul
16-Jul
20-Jul
24-Jul
28-Jul

Sum of SPEECH_TRAFFIC Sum of HSDPA_USER_Thr_FULL_BUF_HU

 0.15
0.25
0.35
0.45
0.55
0.65
14-Jun
18-Jun
22-Jun
26-Jun
30-Jun
4-Jul
8-Jul
12-Jul
16-Jul
20-Jul
24-Jul
28-Jul
1-Aug
5-Aug

Sum of CFR
9-Aug
13-Aug
17-Aug
21-Aug
CFR & DCLR

25-Aug
3G Area 3

29-Aug
2-Sep
Sum of DCLR
6-Sep
10-Sep
14-Sep
18-Sep
22-Sep
26-Sep
30-Sep
4-Oct
8-Oct
12-Oct
16-Oct
 3G Area 3 - Summary
• It seems Seasonality Trends.
 Agenda
• Area 1 Analysis
• Area 2 Analysis
• Area 3 Analysis
• Area 4 Analysis
 2G Area 4
Speech Traffic Vs DCLR
45000 1.3

43000 1.25

41000 1.2
1.15
39000
1.1
37000
1.05
35000
1
33000
0.95
31000 0.9
29000 0.85
27000 0.8

12-Sep
17-Sep
22-Sep
27-Sep
3-Aug
8-Aug
13-Aug
18-Aug
23-Aug
28-Aug
2-Sep
7-Sep

12-Oct
17-Oct
2-Oct
7-Oct
14-Jul
19-Jul
24-Jul
29-Jul
14-Jun
19-Jun
24-Jun
29-Jun
4-Jul
9-Jul

Sum of SPEECH_TRAFFIC Sum of DCLR

 0
1

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.9

0.6
14-Jun
19-Jun
24-Jun
29-Jun
4-Jul
9-Jul
14-Jul
19-Jul
24-Jul
29-Jul
3-Aug
8-Aug

Sum of CFR
13-Aug
18-Aug
24-Aug
AFR Vs CFR

29-Aug
2G Area 4

Sum of AFR
3-Sep
8-Sep
13-Sep
18-Sep
23-Sep
28-Sep
3-Oct
8-Oct
13-Oct
18-Oct
 1
2

0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.2
2.4
14-Jun
19-Jun
24-Jun
29-Jun
4-Jul
9-Jul
14-Jul
19-Jul
24-Jul
29-Jul
3-Aug
8-Aug
13-Aug
18-Aug
23-Aug

Sum of UnAvailability (Active)

28-Aug
2-Sep
7-Sep
3G Area 4
CFR Vs Un Availability

12-Sep
Sum of CFR 17-Sep
22-Sep
27-Sep
2-Oct
7-Oct
12-Oct
17-Oct
1
2
4
5
7

0
3
6
 0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
14-Jun
19-Jun
24-Jun
29-Jun
4-Jul
9-Jul
14-Jul
19-Jul
24-Jul

Sum of CS_Fails
29-Jul
3-Aug
8-Aug
13-Aug
18-Aug
23-Aug
28-Aug
2-Sep
3G Area 4

7-Sep
12-Sep
CS Failures Vs Un Availability

17-Sep
22-Sep
Sum of UnAvailability (Active)

27-Sep
2-Oct
7-Oct
12-Oct
17-Oct
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
 2000
4000
6000
8000

0
10000
12000
14000
14-Jun
19-Jun
24-Jun
29-Jun
4-Jul
9-Jul
14-Jul
19-Jul
24-Jul
29-Jul
3-Aug
8-Aug
13-Aug
18-Aug
CS Drops

23-Aug
3G Area 4

28-Aug
2-Sep
7-Sep
12-Sep
17-Sep
22-Sep
27-Sep
2-Oct
7-Oct
12-Oct
17-Oct
 450
550
600
650
700
750

500
14-Jun
19-Jun
24-Jun
29-Jun
4-Jul
9-Jul
14-Jul
19-Jul
24-Jul
29-Jul
3-Aug
8-Aug
13-Aug
18-Aug
23-Aug
28-Aug
3G Area 4
Hsdpa User Thrpt

2-Sep
7-Sep
12-Sep
17-Sep
22-Sep
27-Sep
2-Oct
7-Oct
12-Oct
17-Oct
 Area 4 - Summary
• The area was suffering from un Availability
problem.
– 8th ➔ 18th of July 2020
– 18th of Aug ➔ 18th of Sept 2020
RF Planning Process & Capacity
Aspects
RF Planning Process
 Radio Network Planning Objective
• Capacity:
To support the subscriber traffic with sufficiently low blocking
and delay.
• Coverage:
To obtain the ability of the network ensure the availability of
the service in the entire service area.
• Quality:
Linking the capacity and the coverage and still provide the
required QoS.
• Costs:
To enable an economical network implementation when the
service is established and a controlled network expansion
during the life cycle of the network.
 Radio Channel
• Reflection, diffraction or scattering ,
shadowing and multipath fading.
• Radio channels are extremely random -not
easy analysis.
• Modeling the radio channel is so difficult and
is typically done in statistical fashion based on
measurements done for the particular case at
hand.
 Link Budget
• Received power (dBm)=Transmitted power
(dBm)+Gains (dB)−Losses (dB)
 Link Budget
• PRX=PTX+GTX+GRX−LTX−LFS−LP−LRX

•
 Okumura Model
• One of the most widely used models for signal
prediction in urban area
• Applicable for
– Frequencies in the range 150 – 1920 MHz (used
up to 3000 MHz)
– Distances of 1 – 100 km
– BS antenna heights from 30 – 1000
Okumura Model
 Interview Question
• We need to make a radio planning for an New
Area like New Capital City. Please tell me what
you will do?
 Clutter Classes
Dense Urban Suburban

Urban Rural
 Answer
• Define clutter classes.
– Dense urban ( Marg / Khsous / Shoubra)
– Urban ( Nasr city , Masr al Gideda)
– Sub urban ( 5th settlement)
– Rural

• Get the Inter site distance for each clutter class

– Link Budget equation (max allowed Path loss)
– Propagation Model ( ex: cell radius = 300m , So inter
site distance = 600m )
 Inputs Triggering New Sites
• Area Awareness
• KPIs of Existing live sites
• Drive Test
• Complains
 RF Planning Process
1. Planning : Choose Nominal (Site ID, Lat , long , Category)
2. Rollout : back to planning with live options ( panoramic
photos 30 degree , CAD )
3. Planning: May go for site visit + comments
4. Transmission Input
5. Configuration Data (HW , Azimuth , Technology )
6. Release Material
7. Build Site
8. Soft Tuning ( neighbors, Relations , Relations)
9. Activate site
10. Civil Acceptance + Telecom Acceptance
Atoll Planning Tool - Video
 Teams Interacting in Radio
• Planning Team
• Rollout Team
– Building sites ( target ) till on Sites
• Implementation Team
• NFM Team
• Site Management Team
– Contracts , Access , Renewal
• Optimization Team
 Coverage Improvement
• Adding more sites.
• Higher gain antennas.
• RX diversity methods.
• Antenna tilting.
• Beamforming
 Capacity Improvement
• Adding frequencies.
• Adding cells.
• Sectorisation.
• Transmit diversity.
• Multibeam antennas.
Career Path
 Company Departments
• HR
• R&D
• Procurement
• Sales & Marketing
• Technical Operations / Technology
• Strategic
• Accounting & Finance
LinkedIn
LinkedIn
LinkedIn
LinkedIn
 LinkedIn
• Follow Telecom Operators
• Follow Vendors
• Follow NTRA & NTI
• Follow Universities.
• Follow Mobile service companies like (Digis ,
MSI ,VOIS)
 Operator Technical Teams
• Radio
• CE
• Transmission
• Skill Center / Customer Complains
• Core
• Deployment & Rollout
• Strategy
• Procurement
• Budget
 CV Structure
• Objective
• Education
• Trainings
• Work Experience
• Skills
– Technical / Soft / Language
• Achievements & Activities
• Reference Upon Request
 CV tips
• Don’t put photo
• Don’t write what you don’t know
• Make it simple and straight
• Put Objective
 Interview Stages
• Technical
• HR
• English , IQ and soft skills
 Interview Tips
• Sleep Well
• Healthy Breakfast
• What are you going to wear
• Bring a 2 or 3 copies for your cv
• Early arrival (~ 30 mins )
• Search for company deliverables , activates ,
customers
• Be clear
• Ask questions
• Thank your interviewer
5G System Survey

Abdelrahman M.Osama
The Need for 5G
 Need for 5G
• Mobile data traffic is increasing tremendously with
expectation to reach more than 300 EB/month in 2028
• Exabyte ➔ 10^18 Byte

Source: Ericsson Mobility Report Nov 2022

Moving towards a programmable
World
 Programmable World
• Everything around us is connected and
dynamically programmable.
 IoT Vision

Internet of Things

Non 3GPP 3GPP ( Cellular )

Sigfox LoRa EC-GSM NB-IoT LTE-M

 Cellular IoT Connections

• Expectation ➔ 5.5 Billion IoT Connection in 2028

Source: Ericsson Mobility Report Nov 2022

 Triggers for 5G
• Massive Data Traffic Increase
• Massive Cellular IoT connections

• The Question here

– Did the current Cellular NW setup is able to
handle all these growing requirements .. ??

Answer : The current Networks are suffering

5G Use Cases
 5G Use Cases
• ITU
– International Telecommunication Union.
– United Organization that regulates the global use of
mobile telecom.
– It sets the guideline and requirements.

• 3GPP:
– Creates and maintains the technical standards.
– It works within the guidelines and requirements
provided from the ITU.
 IMT 2020
• IMT 2020 ➔ 5G
• IMT – Advanced ➔ 4G
• IMT – 2000 ➔ 3G
 5G Use Cases
eMBB

mMTC uRLLC
 5G Use Cases
• AR : Augmented Reality
– Adding digital elements to your reality like
Pokémon go
• VR : Virtual Reality
– Replaces reality by somewhere else

• FWA
• V2X
 FWA
• Fixed wireless access (FWA) is a way to provide wireless internet access to
homes or businesses without laying fiber and cables.

• External antenna connected to the nearest site + CPE (customer premises

equipment) at the home to provide internet access to the devices.
 V2X(vehicle to everything)
• Vehicle to everything
– V2V : Vehicle to vehicle communication
– V2P : Vehicle to pedestrian communication
– V2I : Vehicle to Infrastructure communication
– V2N: Vehicle to Network communication
5G Requirements
From IMT-Advanced to IMT- 2020
3GPP Requirements
CV Preparations
 CV Structure
• Objective
• Education
• Trainings
• Work Experience
• Skills
– Technical / Soft / Language
• Achievements & Activities
• Reference Upon Request
 CV tips
• Don’t put photo
• Don’t write what you don’t know
• Make it simple and straight
• Put Objective
Thanks