Entailment

One statement entails another when the second is a logically necessary consequence of the first, as

Alan lives in Toronto.  Alan lives in Canada.

Pete killed the wasp.  The wasp died.

Note that the relationship of entailment, unlike paraphrase, is one-way: it is not the case that

Alan lives in Canada.  Alan lives in Toronto.

The wasp died.  Pete killed the wasp.

Converseness

Lexical converses are a species of opposite. Two expressions which are converses designate a given state of
affairs or event from the perspective of two different participants. For instance ‘A is above B’ describes a spatial
relationship between two entities A and B by locating A with reference to B; the same state of affairs is
described by ‘B is below A’, but this time B is located with reference to A. The mutual entailment relation
between ‘A is above B’ and ‘B is below A’, in which the arguments are reversed and above is replaced by below,
establishes above and below as lexical converses. Other examples are in front of: behind (‘A is in front of B’, ‘B is
behind A’), follow: precede (‘B follows A in the alphabet’, ‘A precedes B in the alphabet’), parent: offspring (‘X
and Y are A’s parents’, ‘A is X and Y’s offspring’), and buy/sell (‘A bought B from C’, ‘C sold B to A’). The
comparative forms of adjectival opposites stand in a converse relationship (‘X is longer than Y’, ‘Y is shorter
than X’), as do the active and passive forms of transitive verbs: ‘Pete built this house’, ‘This house was built by
Pete’.

Incompatibility

Lexical senses that stand in the relation of incompatibility denote mutually exclusive categories. … All opposites
are by definition incompatibles, but the most typical incompatibles form non-binary sets: red, orange, yellow,
green, blue, purple, and so on; circle, square, triangle, pentagon, and so on; car, lorry, van, bus, and so on;
daffodil, crocus, tulip, hyacinth, and so on; hammer, chisel, saw, plane, screwdriver, and so on. Incompatibility is
a very important sense relation that must be distinguished from mere difference of meaning. For instance,
mother and teacher are different in meaning but they are not incompatibles, since ‘Liz is a mother’ does not
entail ‘Liz is not a teacher’.

Complementarity

Complementarity is a type of oppositeness. Complementary terms divide a domain into two mutually exclusive
sub-domains: if something belongs to the domain, then it must fall under one or other of the terms.
Complementaries have a contradictory relation. So, for example, if something is not dead it must be alive, and
if it is not alive then it must be dead, and it is anomalous to say of an organism that it is neither dead nor alive.
This establishes dead and alive as complementaries.

A Glossary of Semantics and Pragmatics