Well Logging Lectures (Prepared by Dr. Fadhil S.

Kadhim)

Cement Bond Log (CBL)

A cement bond log (CBL) records an evaluation of the quality and integrity of the casing cement in a
well which is an indicative of zonal isolation and casing support.
 Well Logging Lectures (Prepared by Dr. Fadhil S. Kadhim)

Cement Bond Log (CBL)

The first CBL developed in 1960 is an original (rudimentary) tool with a single transmitter and one or
two receivers, was that the first arrival was related to the so-called plate (or Lamb) wave traveling in the
casing. This wave, which is close to but not exactly equal to the compressional wave because its
wavelength is larger than the casing thickness, loses energy through coupling with the cement. Its
amplitude is related to the adherence of the cement to the casing. If this amplitude is very large then the
casing is unencumbered by cement and easily resonates.

A sonic tool is used by making use of property of the sound wave propagation through material (casing,
cement, formation) to detect the bondage quality of the cement to the casing and to the formation by
recording the transit time and attenuation of 20 KHz acoustic wave. The CBL measurement is expressed
in amplitude of the resonating waveform signal in terms of ( mV) milli volt of the casing first arrival E1
at the 3 feet receiver. It is the function of the attenuation due only to coupling of the of the cement sheath
to the casing. Casing that is not bound to the cement has a higher resonant vibration (high mV, with low
signal attenuation) than that which is bound; the bound casing causes the transmitted energy from the
sonic signal to be transferred to the formation.
 Well Logging Lectures (Prepared by Dr. Fadhil S. Kadhim)

Cement Bond Log (CBL)

CBL typically run on wireline that detects the bond of the cement to the casing and formation via a
principle based on resonance. Casing that is not bound has a higher resonant vibration than that which is
bound, causing the emitted energy from the sonic signal to be transferred to the formation In this sense,
the amplitude of the waveform received is the basic measurement that is evaluated.
Well Logging Lectures (Prepared by Dr. Fadhil S. Kadhim)
Well Logging Lectures (Prepared by Dr. Fadhil S. Kadhim)
Well Logging Lectures (Prepared by Dr. Fadhil S. Kadhim)

CBL Measurement
 Well Logging Lectures (Prepared by Dr. Fadhil S. Kadhim)

Cement Bond Log (CBL)

In the conventional sonic tool, with transmitters at 3 and 5 ft, this amplitude measurement (converted to
a bond index ranging from 0 to 1) is made at the 3 ft receiver. The 5 ft detector is used to make a
microseismogram display (called a variable density log or VDL) of the detected wave train to give a
visual indication of the pipe signal and formation signal. A typical display is seen in the following figure:
Well Logging Lectures (Prepared by Dr. Fadhil S. Kadhim)

Cement Bond Log (CBL)

 Well Logging Lectures (Prepared by Dr. Fadhil S. Kadhim)

Caliper Log
The Caliper Log is a tool for measuring the diameter and shape of a borehole. It uses a tool which has 2,
4, or more extendable arms. The arms can move in and out as the tool is withdrawn from the borehole,
and them movement is converted into an electrical signal by am potentiometer. In the two arm tool, the
borehole diameter is measured. This is shown in track 1 of the master log together with the bit size for
reference. Borehole diameters larger and smaller than the bit size are possible. Many boreholes can
attain an oval shape after drilling. This is due to the effect of the pressures in the crust being different in
different directions as a result of tectonic forces. In oval holes, the two arm caliper will lock into the long
axis of the oval cross-section, giving larger values of borehole diameter than expected. In this case tools
with more arms are required.
In the multi-arm tools, up to 30 arms are arranged
around the tool allowing the detailed shape of the
borehole to be measured.

Some of the other tools in this course have sensors

attached to pads that are pressed against the borehole
wall. The pressing device is also a form of caliper, and
so caliper information can sometimes also be obtained
from these tools.
 Well Logging Lectures (Prepared by Dr. Fadhil S. Kadhim)

Uses of the Caliper Log

The commoner uses of the caliper log are as follows:

1.Contributory information for lithological assessment ·
2. Indicator of good permeability and porosity zones (reservoir rock) due to development of mud cake
in association with gamma ray log.
3. Calculation of mud cake thickness
4. Measurement of borehole volume
5. Measurement of required cement volume
6. Indication of hole quality for the assessment of the likely quality of other logs whose data quality
is degraded by holes that are out of gauge. Other log data can often be corrected for bad hole
conditions using the caliper readings, but the larger the correction, the less reliable the final data
will be.
7. Selection of consolidated formations for wireline pressure tests, recovery of fluid samples, for
packer seating for well testing purposes, and for determining casing setting depths.
Well Logging Lectures (Prepared by Dr. Fadhil S. Kadhim)
Well Logging Lectures (Prepared by Dr. Fadhil S. Kadhim)

Caliper Log

Typical caliper responses to various lithologies.