Surviving and thriving means, existing and
Plans, formulates, and implements social
flourishing (succeeding). In order for individuals
to survive and thrive, they should be able to
function well within the social environment.
ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT HUMAN
BEHAVIOR AND THE SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENT
The assumption is that the individual is both the
cause and the effect of all social groupings.
There a circular relationship between the
individual groupings of which the individual is a
part; each affects the others. (Chess and Norlin,
1991)
SOCIAL WORK
The social work profession promotes social
change, problem solving in human relationships
and the empowerment and liberation of people to
enhance well-being. Utilizing theories of human
behavior and social systems, social work
intervenes at the points where people interact with
their environments. Principles of human rights and
social justice are fundamental to social work
(IASSW and IFSW, June 2001).
Social work is a practice-based profession and an
academic discipline that promotes social change
and development, social cohesion, and the
empowerment and liberation of people. Principles
of social justice, human rights, collective
responsibility and respect for diversities are
central to social work. Underpinned by theories of
social work, social sciences, humanities and
indigenous knowledge, social work engages
people and structures to address life challenges
and enhance wellbeing.
(definition was approved by the IFSW General
Meeting and the IASSW General Assembly in
July 2014)
Social Work as a profession and field of study
serves the following purposes
1. Promotes, restores, maintains, and enhances the
social functioning (of individuals, families, groups
communities, organizations) by helping them to
accomplish tasks prevent and alleviate distress and
use resources;
2.
policies, services, resources, and programs needed
to meet basic human needs and support the
development of human capacities;
3. Advocate and Initiates social-political action to
empower groups at risks and promote social and
economic justice,
4. Develops and tests knowledge and skills
necessary for the practice of the profession.
(Cited in the article of Prof. Rosetta G. Palma,
Social Functioning the Core of Social Work:
CSWCD Development Journal, 2005.
SOCIAL FUNCTIONING
The relation between the activity of people and the
demand from the environment, focusing attention
to what goes on between people and environment
through the exchange between them, and stressed
the need to consider both elements as composites
of a single concept (Bartlett, 1970).
Social Functioning draws attention to the match or
fit between the needs, capacities and activities of
the individual and the opportunities and demands
of his/her social environment by looking into the
quality of transactions between them (Sheafor, et.
al, 1997.
The threefold of social functioning:
a. An optimally social functioning person;
b. An environment that supports, sustains, and
promotes the optimal social functioning of the
person; and
c. Balanced reciprocal interactions between person
and environment.
All three are interrelated, with each one affecting
and being affected by the others.
SOCIAL FUNCTIONING
This is the Central PURPOSE of SW which is to
"enhance man's social functioning", that is adjust
improve his ability to cope with, an/or manage
his/her environment social.
Refers to the ability of an individual to interact
with others.
It is the expression of the interaction between
MAN & his SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; the
product of his activity as he relates to his
surroundings. It is the relation or match between
the PERSON & ENVIRONMENT (Bartlett).
SOCIAL FUNCTIONING TRIANGLE (BY
SKIDMORE)
 SATISFACTION WITH ROLES IN LIFE
 FEELING OF SELF WORTH
 POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP WITH
OTHERS
A SOCALLY FUNCTIONAL PERSON WHEN
HE TO COPE WITH SOCIAL RELATIONS
AND TASK
 Effective in the Performance of tasks
 RESPONSIBLE to Others
 Derives SOCIAL SATISFACTION From
the performance of his tasks
Secondary & primary groups
PERSON-IN-SITUATION/ ENVIRONMENT
Human interactions in an environment involves
elements of *transactions, *energy, *interface,
adaptation, coping, and interdependence.
** Ecological perspective concepts
ELEMENTS OF INTERACTIONS IN A SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENT
Transactions active and dynamic interaction and
communications among people (negative or
positive)
Energy - natural power of involvement between
people and their environments. Energy can be an
input or output. Input is the form of energy
coming into a person's life and adding to that life
(older adult who’s ill may need input on
substantial physical assistance and emotional
support in order to continue functioning. Output is
a form of energy going out of a per person's life,
such as: a person volunteering time and efforts to
take care of elderly

Interface - the interaction Is the exact point at

which between individual takes place. (e.g. A
UNDERSTANDING SF: A KEY CONCEPT IN couple marriage counseling initially states that
SOCIAL WORK their problem concerns disagreements on how to
raise their children, upon further exploration,
PERSON:
however, the real problem is discovered - their
 Blo-psychosocial inability to communicate feelings to each other.
 Health The actual problem, the inability to communicate,
 Cognitions is the interface where one individual affects the
 Emotions other.)
 Behavior Adaptation- refers to the capacity to adjust to
 Internalized Effects of Environment surrounding environmental conditions. This
SITUATION: implies change. This requires energy in the form
of effort. Not only are people affected by their
 Actual situation/external (objective) environment, but environments are also affected
 Perceived situation/internal (subjective) by people in their process of adaptation. People
change their environment s in order to adapt
PERSON
successfully. Therefore, adaptation is a two-way
SITUATION process involving both the individual and the
environment.
ENVIRONMENT
Coping - is a form of adaptation that implies a
Physical Environment & time: struggle to overcome problems. Although
Socio-cultural contexts adaptation may involve responses to new
conditions that are either negative or positive,
coping refers to the way people deal with the
negative experiences they encounter. (e.g. a
person might have to cope with the sudden death
of a parent)
5 TYPES OF COPING SKILLS (BARKER,
2003
 Skill in obtaining and soliciting types of
information needed to function well;
 Thinking about and planning for a future;
 Controlling emotions;
 Skill to control need for immediate
gratification and
 Identifying alternative ways of
approaching a problematic situation and
evaluating the pros and cons of each
alternative
Interdependence - the mutual reliance of each
person on every other person. A person cannot
exist without other people.
THEORETICAL ORIENTATION
 Theoretical perspectives are ideologically
based, especially macro theory which
pertains to the social structure.
 They reflect cultural and biases of the
theorist and the period
 Theories continually grow and change.
 Each has strengths and weaknesses
GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY
This theory first came to scientific attention in the
1960s through von Bertalanffy, a biologist
 wished theory to serve as a bridge between
professionals from different fields.
 organizing framework from biology
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF SYSTEMS
MODEL
 The whole is more than sum of its parts.
 Open and closed systems
An open system conducts a steady
state of exchange with the
environment.
A closed system is shut off from its
environment.
 Increasing differentiation and
specialization from single cell to entire
organism
 Boundaries of the system firm yet flexible
 Causality is non-linear, interactive
CONTRIBUTIONS OF SYSTEMS MODEL
 Virginia Satir (1972) highly influential
family therapist, taught therapists to look
for family patterns, saw roles as
interconnected.
 Minuchin and Bowen were concerned with
the need for firm family boundaries and
family communication patterns. General
systems theory provides scope and
flexibility which may be used at any level.
 Offers a process for the organization of
knowledge in social work.
ECOSYSTEMS FRAMEWORK
 Ecological approach-popularized in the
gele model of Germain Gitterman
(1980,1996). Notion of adaptation.
 Environment in ecosystems terms refers to
the neighborhood in which one lives and
the schools one attends and the natural
realm.
 Combination of systems theory and an
ecological, interactive perspective-a hybrid
theory
 A hybrid model for describing human
interaction- -views organisms in constant
interaction and as interdependent with
each other and the environment.
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS AND CONCEPTS
 Biological dynamic organisms exist in
equilibrium with the environment
Interactionism:
 Force exerted by the organism affects the
environment
 Organism adapts, partially adapts or fails
to adapt to stress from the environment
  Organisms work together to form a system
this perspective shows how the parts work
A SYSTEM APPROACH TO HUMAN
together.
BEHAVIOR
OTHER KEY ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS
Human Behavior must be understood as the result
Niche a particular place suitable to the growth and of multiplicity of factors, both internal and
development of the organism external, operating in transaction with one another.
Transactions: and interactions between people The individual, as a system is the basic human
others in their environment system.
Energy: borrowed from systems theory, refers to A social system, stripped of its characteristics, is
the power which springs forth and takes the form simply a collection of interacting individuals.
of input or output depending on the direction of
The primary element in the social environment is
the energy
the social system.
Targets of change the source of the social work
intervention can be individuals, groups, or whole
communities SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO/FILIPINO
PSYCHOLOGY
CONTRIBUTIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
FRAMEWORK Major Characteristics:
Important idea that person and the environment 1 Emphasis in psychology on a.) Identity and
are in constant and dynamic interaction, a non- national consciousness; b) social awareness and
linear view involvement; and 3) psychology of language and
culture.
Family therapy borrows from ecology, roles
Individuals play in a family are seen as 2. Principal method of investigation: a. Cross-
complementary and interactive. This insight is indigenous method; and b. Appropriate field
relevant also to group work. methods of pagtatanong-tanong, pakikiramdam,
panunuluyan, and pakikipamuhay
Advantages: provides the ability to analyze
circular connections between worker and client ETHNIC-SENSITIVE PERSPECTIVE
value in assessment, integration of other social
Sensitivity to ethnic, cultural and religious
work theories
diversity among clients and the problem and
More representative than general systems theory effects of discrimination must be addressed
of reality, adaptable to all levels of Intervention
Application on cases/situation where there is
SOCIAL SYSTEM MODEL apparent social oppression and discrimination that
is related to client's problems or co concern
 The social system model is a way of
looking at people, the many kinds of This perspective draws attention to the fact that
groupings that people form, and the effects many clients are members of an ethnic group
of these associations on human behavior.
A client's social class, culture, ethnicity, and
Eight major concepts: religious beliefs have significant impact on help-
seeking behavior
1. boundary
2. supra system FEMINIST, EMPOWERMENT, AND ANTI-
3. Interface OPPRESSIVE PERSPECTIVES
4. Inputs
Feminism as defined by Van den Bergh and
5. 5 outputs
Cooper (1995): "a conceptual framework and
6. proposed outputs
mode of analysis that has analyzed the status of
7. 7 conversion operations
women cross-culturally and historically to explain
8. feedback
dynamics and conditions undergirding disparities
in socio-cultural status and power between
ANTI-OPPRESSIVE APPROACH
majority and minority populations" (p.xii).
A more radical approach than the US social work
Term popularized with the women's movement of
empowerment approach.
early '70s
Focus on oppressive system that needs to be
"Women's lib" was mocked in the media at the
drastically changed
time.
Aim to minimize power differences in society and
FIVE TYPES OF FEMINISM
in the professions, to maximize the rights to which
Liberal feminism-equality between men and all people are entitled
women through legislation
In Anti-Oppressive Social Work Theory and
Radical feminism- focus on patriarchy, stresses Practice (2002) advocates a human right based
differences between men and women social work Daminelli
Socialist or Marxist feminism oppression viewed Widely used in U.K. and Canadian social work
as part of the structural inequality within the class
Views the capitalist social system as generally
based social system
oppressive.
Black feminism-racism and sexism black
Focus a sweeping social change has a structural,
experience compared to experience of white
Markat base
women
Post-modern feminism- how sadety through
language creates social assumptions of how
women are and how they should be treated.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIAL WORK
Add to this list Ecofeminism on environmental
view that the oppression of women and nature are Feminism has had the most tangible impact of the
inextricably three approaches on social work and society:
Has led to a paradigm shift in women's awareness
they deserved the same privileges and rights as
EMPOWERMENT PERSPECTIVE men
The term sprang movements out of the feminist Has had a direct influence in the development of
and Civil Rights. social work as a predominantly women's
profession.
Fly work in the field Black Empowerment by
Solomon Has caused a refocus on women's needs and safety
rather than conformity to tradition,
Focus on use of power to keep people down
Recognition of the oppression of black women
People encouraged to learn how to obtain power
and work for social change CULTURE THEORY
To be empowered. a person or group requires an Culture the sum total of social patterns passed
environment, that provides options from generation to generation. Knowledge of
culture and cultural history provides important
Empowerment ascribes authority to the to
perspectives for understanding human behavior.
Individual make choices
Language (even accent) can be used to construct
(Note feminism and anti-oppressive social work
and maintain oppression of a subordinate group.
are both empowerment approaches, here we are
talking about social work's empowerment CULTURAL COMPETENCE
perspective)
Cultural competence- and customs knowledge of
client's culture cultural diverse backgrounds.
Avoid color-blind and gender- blind approaches
Three aspects of cultural competence:
need to understand and take responsibility for our
own beliefs and attitudes
need to learn about and expand multicultural
experiences
use our knowledge to become proponents of
multiculturalism
Know the resources for Intervention
INPUTS ON FAMILY, GROUP,
ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMUNITY
COURTSHIP
Allows people to 'win' the affection of those to
whom they are attracted
Most societies have 'rituals' men have to prove
their ability to being able to provide and women
be the 'alluring' and nurturing
MARRIAGE
Exogamy
✓ Rules specifying that a person must marry
outside a particular group.
✓ Almost universal within the primary family
group.
✓ leads to alliances between different families and
groups.
MARRIAGE
Preferential Marriage Rules
Levirate A - man marries widow of a
deceased brother
✓ fSororate-When a man's wife dies her sister is
given to him as a wife
Number of Spouses
All societies have rules about how many spouses a
person can have at one time
Monogamous Family
This type of family consists of one husband one
wife. In other words, a single husband and a single
wife living together form a monogamous family.
Under this family system, neither husband nor
wife can have more than one life partner at a time.
Similarly, they are not allowed any extramarital
relations. Therefore now-a-days this type of
family is regarded as the ideal form of family.
Number of Spouses Polygamy
fA rule allowing more than one spouse
✓ Polygyny
-A rule permitting a man to have more than one
wife at a time
✓ Polyandry
rule permitting a woman to have more
than one husband at a time.
NATURE OF RESIDENCE
Rules of Residence
Residence is said to determine the quality &
quantity of interaction with relatives for it has
something to do with who is to live with whom
which would logically affect the pattern of
socialization among relatives and or family
members
1 Patrilocal Family
In this type of family, after marriage the wife goes
and lives in the family of her husband, as such, the
family of this kind is based on patrilocal residence
This family is also known as Virilocal family.
2 Matrilocal Family
Matrilocal family is just opposite of the patrilocal
family in this family, after marriage the husband
goes and lives in the house of his wife. Hence, he
occupies a secondary position This type of family
is also known as Uxonlocal Family
3. Neo-local Family:
When the married couple after marriage reside in
a new place and establish family independent of
their parents or of their relatives, they said family 3. Equalitarian
is known as neo-local family.
This is where most Filipino families are classified.
4. Bilocal Family: Although the husband is generally referred to as
the head, the wife is in charge with the money &
In some societies after marriage the married
the organization in the house & its affairs.
couples change their residence, i.e. sometimes the
wife Joins her husband at his residence and vice
versa. This type of family is known as family by
Single Adult
changing residence
The most important tasks, you need to achieve in
5. Avuncu local family
this stage for your wellbeing are:
When the couple goes to live in maternal uncle's
1. Achieving your own identity, separate from that
house after marriage, they said family is known as
of your family
Avuncu-local family
2. Choosing an occupation to engage in
3. Becoming independent, emotionally and
ANCESTRY OR DESCENT
financially
1. Patrilineal Family
4. Choosing a life partner
The family in which the descent is traced through
An individual who has been able to
the father on the ancestry is determined on the
achieve a stable, independent identity is able to
basis of male line or the father is known as
become healthy personal and professional choices
patrilineal family. In this type of family system,
which promote his/her well-being. An individual
the property and the family name etc. is inherited
who is unable to do so often makes life choices
through the male line. This is the most common
either acceding to the family wishes or rebelling
type of family.
against them. Being able to choose an occupation
2. Matrilineal family which gives you satisfaction also depends on what
basis your choice has been made-on the basis of
Matrilineal family is the opposite of patrilineal
your own interests and abilities or on the basis of
family. The ancestry of such family is traced
what your family or well-wishers say. Similarly,
through mother or female line. The female
the ability to choose a partner and enter a healthy
members alone enjoy all the rights of property and
committed relationship depends on your level of
of inheritance. In other words, a property right is
emotional maturity and Separation from the
handed down from mother to daughter and so on
family's emotional process.
and so forth.
3. Bilineal Family
It is a type of family where the descent is traced
through both the father and mother.
AUTHORITY
1. Patriarchal
The oldest male, usually the father has control
over the other members.
New Couple
2. Matriarchal
The most important tasks that you and your
The mother has the authority. This however, spouse need to accomplish in this stage for a
usually goes with matrilocal residence or stable future are:
matrilineal descent.
1. Establishing a home, not merely building a
house
2. Building intimacy and a deep friendship 3.
Managing conflict and learning to fight fair
4. Deciding on single or dual careers
5. Negotiating relationships with each other's
families and friends
6. Agreeing on independent interests
7. Agreeing on becoming parents
Couple With Children
The most important tasks that you and your
spouse need to accomplish in this stage for the
wellbeing of your family are:
8. Adjusting your marital system to make space
for your children.
9. Emotionally accepting new members into the
system
10. Realigning your relationships with your
extended family to include
parenting and grand parenting roles.
11 Nurturing the child in all areas -physical,
emotional, intellectual, social and spiritual
12. Facilitating children to develop
relationships
5. Deal with the sense of loss of earlier attachment
patterns with your child
6. Adjusting family relationships to focus on mid-
life and career issues
7. Taking on responsibility for caring for families
of origin
Launching Children
The most important tasks that you as a parent need
to accomplish in this stage are:
1. Recognize your son/daughter as a young adult
2. Help your son/daughter to share their plans
with you
3. Be open about your son/daughter's ideas and
needs
4. Embrace a new identity
5. Refocus on your marriage and resolve issues
kept hidden over the years
6. Rekindle your marriage and career goals
peer

Family in Later Life

Couple With Teenagers
This is one of the most challenging stages for you
as parents. How you at your teenager has
important and long term consequences that are
critical to the wellbeing of your child throughout
adulthood, The most important tasks that you as a
parent need to accomplish in this stage are:
1. Encourage autonomy yet provide parental
guidance
2. Increase the flexibility of family boundaries and
modulate parental authority
3. Review your own standards and attitudes about
sexuality, before enforcing rules
4. Provide support in the process of the adolescent
finding their identity
Retirement, readjusting and relooking at your
marriage, review of your life, discovering your
own meaning to life, relating to children and
grandchildren are all areas that are enriching yet
challenging in this stage.
The most important tasks that you need to
accomplish in this stage are:
1. Coping with physiological decline and illness 2.
Adjusting to life and spouse after retirement
3. Adjusting to children taking a more central role
in family maintenance
4. Dealing with the loss of spouse and peers
5. Preparation for death, life review, reminiscence
and integration
6. Taking on responsibility for caring for families
of origin

FAMILY
 Recent Trends in Family Life
Wives even mothers with small children are
increasingly likely to be employed outside the
home
Marriages are likely to end with
divorce/separation
Single-parent families are more prevalent
Role reversal e.g. House husband

 Variations in the Structure of Family Life

- two-parent and married couple families SOCIAL WELFARE CASE MANAGEMENT
- the one-parent death of family (as a result of Understanding VAW
parent, separation, unwed pregnancy)
In case management, the use of gender as an
- Step families analytical lens makes us see existing inequalities
- Cohabiting couples -two unrelated adults of the between women and men as institutionalized by
opposite sex living together outside of marriage legal frameworks or socio-cultural systems and
practices.
- Gay and lesbian couples
ROOT CAUSES OF VAW
- Single persons
 Abuse of power
Some Qualities of Healthy Family  Gender inequality
 Direct and open communication patterns  Patriarchy
 Appreciation and respect for one another  Lack of respect for human rights
*Spiritual and religious commitment HUMAN RIGHTS
 Adaptability and flexibility
 Clarity of family roles  The right to life
 The right to personal security
 The right to equal protection under the law
 The right to freedom from torture and
other cruel, inhumane or degrading
treatment
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
 Alcohol/drug abuse
 Poverty
 Conflict
 Collapse of traditional society and family
support system
 Lack of police protection
  Culture of Impunity
Types/Categories of GBV
 Sexual Violence
 Rape, marital rape, sexual harassment
 Physical Violence
 Emotional and Psychological Violence Session 1: Understanding VAW
 Socio-Economic Violence
 Harmful Traditional Practices
 Female genital mutilation (FGM)
 Child marriage
CONSEQUENCES
 HEALTH
Fatal outcomes
Non-fatal outcomes
 PHYSICAL
 REPRODUCTIVE
 MENTAL HEALTH
EMOTIONAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL- SOCIAL
 Post-traumatic stress
 Depression
 Anxiety, fear
 Shame, self-hate
 Suicidal thoughts
 Mental illness
 Social consequences
 Blaming the victim
 Social stigma
 Social rejection and isolation

GBV
• Is an umbrella term for any harmful act that is
perpetrated against a person's will, and that is
based on socially ascribed (gender) differences
between males and females
GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN & GIRLS
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE OR RA 9262

Phase Type of Violence

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE
Pre-birth Sex-selective abortion.
THROUGHOUT THE LIFECYCLE
Effects of battering
during pregnancy or
birth outcome
Infancy Female infanticide.
Physical, sexual and
psychological abuse
Girlhood Child marriage Incest
Female genita mutilation. harassment or arbitrary deprivation of liberty."
Physical, sexual and (Sec.3, R.A. 9262)
psychological abuse.
Child "any act of gender-based violence that results in,
prostitution and or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental
pornography harm or suffering to women, including threats of
such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of
liberty, whether occurring in public or in private
life." (United Nations)
Adolescence and Incest Dating and
Adulthood courtship violence • Gender violence is rooted in the higher value and
Economically coerced sex status that males are given in society.
Sexual abuse and
harassment in the • This privileging of males is embedded in social
workplace Forced structures (e.g. family, school, church, mass
prostitution and media), institutionalized, and reproduced, and
pornography. Trafficking. referred to as "patriarchy.
Partner violence Marital
rape Dowry abuse and It is a crime under various laws such as:
murders psychological
abuse Forced pregnancy  R.A. 8353 (The Anti Rape Law of 1997)
 R.A. 9262 (The Anti-Violence against
Women and Children Act of 2004)
 R.A. 9208 (The Anti-Trafficking in
Persons Act of 2003).
Thus, it is no longer a private matter to be settled
Elderly Forced "suicide"/homicide
of widows for economic by parties involved. The state and its
gain Physical, sexual and instrumentalities have the duty and accountability
psychological abuse to provide an enabling environment for the
protection and fulfilment of women's right to a life
free from violence, and bring to the bar of justice
all violators of this rights
Girlhood Child marriage Incest It is one of the most pervasive and persistent
Female genital mutilation. human rights violations.
Physical, sexual and
psychological abuse. It is committed in a continuum, ranging from
Child individual perpetrators in intimate relationships to
prostitution and insitutionalised ones (e.g. military) as a weapon of
pornography war. (World Health Organization, 2005:3)
It is a public health issue.

"Violence against women and their children"
refers to any act or a series of acts committed by
any person against a woman who is his wife,
former wife, or against a woman with whom the
person has or had a sexual or dating relationship,
or with whom he has a common child, or against
her child whether legitimate or illegitimate, within
or without the family abode which result in or is
likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological
harm or suffering, or economic abuse including
threats of such acts, battery, assault, coercion,
It is a global issue. Thus, it is part of Millenium
Development Goal No. 3 "Promote gender
equality and empower women."
It is considered "a major threat to social and
economic development...". In the In Declaration
of Millennium September 2000, the United
Nations General Assembly resolved "to combat all
forms of violence against women and to
implement the Convention on the Elimination of
All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Such
violence is intimately associated with complex
social conditions such as poverty, lack of
education, gender inequality, child mortality,
maternal ill-health and human immunodeficiency
virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(HIV/AIDS)." (World Health Organization,
2005:3)
Perspectives used in the analysis of violence
against women
 Human rights
 Legal framework
 Gender
Effects of Violence
The effects encompass the physical, social,
emotional, psychological and sexual well- being
and functioning of the survivor. They are
damaging not just to the body but to the mind and
spirit.
Children exposed to domestic violence are also
affected emotionally. psychologically, physically
and socially (e.g. engagement in violent behavior
in relation to peers).
Effects may also be seen at the community level.
Rampant acts of gender violence may lead people
to think they are normal. Unless such acts are
exposed and challenged, they will continue to be
committed, and reproduced.
Responses to VAW
 GRCM
 Watch the video on Michelle Bachelet on
the occasion of the international Day to
End Violence Against Women which
shows the range of actions-from micro to
mezzo to macro level-and what more
should be done to end VAW
GRCM is a process of coordinating and providing
direct services to women and girl survivors that:
 Starts from the recognition of gender
biases against women and girls in the
home, community and society;
 Views the issue of violence against women
and girls as a violation of their human
rights:
• Pursues empowerment as the goal of the healing
partnership and service delivery where the woman
sees her value and status in relation to... herself,
her family and society and
• Addresses the survivor's immediate and long-
term needs that require a non-hierarchical
relationship between social worker and survivor.
(Department of Social Welfare and Development:
pp.5-6)
STRENGTHS PERSPECTIVE
Focus:
• Clients' assets-talents, abilities, and
competencies; an appreciation of and respect for
the assets of individuals, families, and
communities. (Saleeby)
• Acts of resistance to violence
Core Values of Strengths Based SW Practice
"CPR":
C stands for competence, capacities,
courage
P stands for promise, possibility. positive
expectations
R stands for resilience, reserves, resources
(Saleeby 2006)
Example:
"Looking into the strengths of Nestor, particularly
his skills in cosmetology, dancing, singing, and his
being open in sharing his thoughts and feelings,
shows that Nestor is still competent amidst the
abuse that he experienced. His positive perception
of his stay at the center and his active participation
in the structured activities are indication that it is
very possible for him to move on with his life."
Saleeby's 6 principles in strengths-based SW
practice
Every individual, group, family, and community
have strengths and assets.
• Trauma and abuse, illness and struggle may be
injurious but they may also be sources of
challenge and opportunity.
• Assume that you know the upper limits of the
capacity to grow and change, and take individual,
group, and community aspiration seriously.
Magna Carta of Women (R.A. 9710): Chapter 3
Rights and Empowerment
Sec. 8 Human rights of women
Sec. 9 Protection from violence
"Agencies of government shall give priority to the
defense and protection of women against gender-
based offenses and help women attain justice and
healing."
Respect for the inherent worth, dignity, and rights
of the woman/girl,
Equality of women and men: To pursue gender
equality and women's empowerment, the social
worker must personally and professionally believe
in and be committed to the achievement of
equality between women and men.