System

Function Include Function Prototype Description

File
abort stdlib.h void abort(void); Stops a program abnormally.
Calculates the absolute value
abs stdlib.h int abs(int n);
of an integer argument n.
Calculates the arc cosine of
acos math.h double acos(double x);
x.
Converts the time that is
char *asctime(const struct tm
asctime time.h stored as a structure to a
*time);
character string.
Converts tm that is stored as
char *asctime_r (const struct tm a structure to a character
asctime_r time.h
*tm, char *buf); string. (Restartable version
of asctime.)
asin math.h double asin(double x); Calculates the arc sine of x.
Prints a diagnostic message
assert assert.h void assert(int expression); and ends the program if the
expression is false.
Calculates the arc tangent of
atan math.h double atan(double x);
x.
Calculates the arc tangent of
atan2 math.h double atan2(double y, double x);
y/x.
Registers a function to be
atexit stdlib.h int atexit(void (*func)(void));
called at normal termination.
Converts string to a double-
atof stdlib.h double atof(const char *string); precision floating-point
value.
atoi stdlib.h int atoi(const char *string); Converts string to an integer.
Converts string to a long
atol stdlib.h long int atol(const char *string);
integer.
Performs a binary search on
void *bsearch(const void *key, an array of num elements,
const void *base, size_t num, size_t each of size bytes. The array
bsearch stdlib.h
size, int (*compare) (const void must be sorted in ascending
*element1, const void *element2)); order by the function pointed
to by compare.
Determines whether c
stdio.h constitues a valid multibyte
btowc wint_t btowc(int c);
wchar.h character in the initial shift
state.
calloc stdlib.h void *calloc(size_t num, size_t Reserves storage space for
size); an array of num elements,
each of size size, and
initializes the values of all
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
elements to 0.
Closes a previously opened
catclose6 nl_types.h int catclose (nl_catd catd);
message catalog.
char *catgets(nl_catd catd, int Retrieves a message from an
catgets6 nl_types.h
set_id, int msg_id, const char *s); open message catalog.
Opens a message catalog,
nl_catd catopen (const char *name,
catopen6 nl_types.h which must be done before a
int oflag);
message can be retrieved.
Calculates the double value
representing the smallest
ceil math.h double ceil(double x);
integer that is greater than or
equal to x.
Resets the error indicators
clearerr stdio.h void clearerr(FILE *stream); and the end-of-file indicator
for stream.
Returns the processor time
clock time.h clock_t clock(void); that has elapsed since the job
was started.
cos math.h double cos(double x); Calculates the cosine of x.
Calculates the hyperbolic
cosh math.h double cosh(double x);
cosine of x.
Converts time to a character
ctime time.h char *ctime(const time_t *time);
string.
char *ctime64(const time64_t Converts time to a character
ctime64 time.h
*time); string.
Converts time to a character
char *ctime_r(const time_t *time,
ctime_r time.h string. (Restartable version
char *buf);
of ctime.)
Converts time to a character
char *ctime64_r(const time64_t
ctime64_r time.h string. (Restartable version
*time, char *buf);
of ctime64.)
double difftime(time_t time2, Computes the difference
difftime time.h
time_t time1); between time2 and time1.
double difftime64(time64_t time2, Computes the difference
difftime64 time.h
time64_t time1); between time2 and time1.
Calculates the quotient and
div_t div(int numerator, int
div stdlib.h remainder of the division of
denominator);
numerator by denominator.
Calculates the error function
erf math.h double erf(double x);
of x.
erfc math.h double erfc(double x); Calculates the error function
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
for large values of x.
exit stdlib.h void exit(int status); Ends a program normally.
Calculates the exponential
exp math.h double exp(double x); function of a floating-point
argument x.
Calculates the absolute value
fabs math.h double fabs(double x); of a floating-point argument
x.
fclose stdio.h int fclose(FILE *stream); Closes the specified stream.
Associates an input or output
FILE *fdopen(int handle, const char
fdopen5 stdio.h stream with the file
*type);
identified by handle.
Tests whether the end-of-file
feof stdio.h int feof(FILE *stream);
flag is set for a given stream.
Tests for an error indicator in
ferror stdio.h int ferror(FILE *stream); reading from or writing to
stream.
Writes the contents of the
fflush1 stdio.h int fflush(FILE *stream); buffer associated with the
output stream.
Reads a single unsigned
fgetc1 stdio.h int fgetc(FILE *stream); character from the input
stream.
Stores the current position of
int fgetpos(FILE *stream, fpos_t the file pointer associated
fgetpos1 stdio.h
*pos); with stream into the object
pointed to by pos.
char *fgets(char *string, int n, FILE Reads a string from the input
fgets1 stdio.h
*stream); stream.
Reads the next multibyte
stdio.h
fgetwc6 wint_t fgetwc(FILE *stream); character from the input
wchar.h
stream pointed to by stream.
Reads wide characters from
stdio.h wchar_t *fgetws(wchar_t *wcs, int
fgetws6 the stream into the array
wchar.h n, FILE *stream);
pointed to by wcs.
Determines the file handle
fileno5 stdio.h int fileno(FILE *stream); currently associated with
stream.
Calculates the floating-point
value representing the largest
floor math.h double floor(double x);
integer less than or equal to
x.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
Calculates the floating-point
fmod math.h double fmod(double x, double y);
remainder of x/y.
FILE *fopen(const char *filename,
fopen stdio.h Opens the specified file.
const char *mode);
Formats and prints
int fprintf(FILE *stream, const char
fprintf stdio.h characters and values to the
*format-string, arg-list);
output stream.
Prints a character to the
fputc1 stdio.h int fputc(int c, FILE *stream);
output stream.
int fputs(const char *string, FILE Copies a string to the output
fputs1 stdio.h
*stream); stream.
Converts the wide character
wc to a multibyte character
stdio.h wint_t fputwc(wchar_t wc, FILE
fputwc6 and writes it to the output
wchar.h *stream);
stream pointed to by stream
at the current position.
Converts the wide-character
string wcs to a multibyte-
stdio.h int fputws(const wchar_t *wcs,
fputws6 character string and writes it
wchar.h FILE *stream);
to stream as a multibyte
character string.
Reads up to count items of
size_t fread(void *buffer, size_t size length from the input
fread stdio.h
size, size_t count, FILE *stream); stream, and stores them in
buffer.
free stdlib.h void free(void *ptr); Frees a block of storage.
FILE *freopen(const char
Closes stream, and reassigns
freopen stdio.h *filename, const char *mode, FILE
it to the file specified.
*stream);
Separates a floating-point
frexp math.h double frexp(double x, int *expptr); number into its mantissa and
exponent.
int fscanf(FILE *stream, const char Reads data from stream into
fscanf stdio.h
*format-string, arg-list); locations given by arg-list.
Changes the current file
int fseek(FILE *stream, long int
fseek1 stdio.h position associated with
offset, int origin);
stream to a new location.
Moves the current file
int fsetpos(FILE *stream, const
fsetpos1 stdio.h position to a new location
fpos_t *pos);
determined by pos.
Gets the current position of
ftell1 stdio.h long int ftell(FILE *stream);
the file pointer.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
Determines the orientation of
6 stdio.h
fwide int fwide(FILE *stream, int mode); the stream pointed to by
wchar.h
stream.
stdio.h int fwprintf(FILE *stream, const Writes output to the stream
fwprintf6
wchar.h wchar_t *format, arg-list); pointed to by stream.
size_t fwrite(const void *buffer, Writes up to count items of
fwrite stdio.h size_t size,size_t count, FILE size length from buffer to
*stream); stream.
stdio.h int fwscanf(FILE *stream, const Reads input from the stream
fwscanf6
wchar.h wchar_t *format, arg-list) pointed to by stream.
Computes the Gamma
gamma math.h double gamma(double x);
Function
Reads a single character
getc1 stdio.h int getc(FILE *stream);
from the input stream.
Reads a single character
getchar1 stdio.h int getchar(void);
from stdin.
Searches environment
getenv stdlib.h char *getenv(const char *varname);
variables for varname.
Reads a string from stdin,
gets stdio.h char *gets(char *buffer);
and stores it in buffer.
Reads the next multibyte
character from stream,
stdio.h converts it to a wide
getwc6 wint_t getwc(FILE *stream);
wchar.h character and advances the
associated file position
indicator for stream.
Reads the next multibyte
character from stdin,
converts it to a wide
getwchar6 wchar.h wint_t getwchar(void);
character, and advances the
associated file position
indicator for stdin.
struct tm *gmtime(const time_t Converts a time value to a
gmtime time.h
*time); structure of type tm.
struct tm *gmtime64(const Converts a time value to a
gmtime64 time.h
time64_t *time); structure of type tm.
Converts a time value to a
struct tm *gmtime_r (const time_t structure of type tm.
gmtime_r time.h
*time, struct tm *result); (Restartable version of
gmtime.)
gmtime64_r time.h struct tm *gmtime64_r (const Converts a time value to a
time64_t *time, struct tm *result); structure of type tm.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
(Restartable version of
gmtime64.)
Calculates the hypotenuse of
double hypot(double side1, double a right-angled triangle with
hypot math.h
side2); sides of length side1 and
side2.
isalnum ctype.h int isalnum(int c); Tests if c is alphanumeric.
isalpha ctype.h int isalpha(int c); Tests if c is alphabetic.
Tests if c is within the 7-bit
isascii4 ctype.h int isascii(int c);
US-ASCII range.
Tests if c is a blank or tab
isblank ctype.h int isblank(int c);
character.
Tests if c is a control
iscntrl ctype.h int iscntrl(int c);
character.
isdigit ctype.h int isdigit(int c); Tests if c is a decimal digit.
Tests if c is a printable
isgraph ctype.h int isgraph(int c); character excluding the
space.
Tests if c is a lowercase
islower ctype.h int islower(int c);
letter.
Tests if c is a printable
isprint ctype.h int isprint(int c); character including the
space.
Tests if c is a punctuation
ispunct ctype.h int ispunct(int c);
character.
Tests if c is a whitespace
isspace ctype.h int isspace(int c);
character.
Tests if c is an uppercase
isupper ctype.h int isupper(int c);
letter.
Checks for any alphanumeric
iswalnum4 wctype.h int iswalnum (wint_t wc);
wide character.
Checks for any alphabetic
iswalpha4 wctype.h int iswalpha (wint_t wc);
wide character.
Checks for any blank or tab
iswblank4 wctype.h int iswblank (wint_t wc);
wide character.
Tests for any control wide
iswcntrl4 wctype.h int iswcntrl (wint_t wc);
character.
Determines whether or not
int iswctype(wint_t wc, wctype_t
iswctype4 wctype.h the wide character wc has the
wc_prop);
property wc_prop.
iswdigit4 wctype.h int iswdigit (wint_t wc); Checks for any decimal-digit
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
wide character.
Checks for any printing wide
iswgraph4 wctype.h int iswgraph (wint_t wc); character except for the
wide-character space.
Checks for any lowercase
iswlower4 wctype.h int iswlower (wint_t wc);
wide character.
Checks for any printing wide
iswprint4 wctype.h int iswprint (wint_t wc);
character.
Test for a wide non-
iswpunct4 wctype.h int iswpunct (wint_t wc); alphanumeric, non-space
character.
Checks for any wide
character that corresponds to
iswspace4 wctype.h int iswspace (wint_t wc); an implementation-defined
set of wide characters for
which iswalnum is false.
Checks for any uppercase
iswupper4 wctype.h int iswupper (wint_t wc);
wide character.
Checks for any hexadecimal
iswxdigit4 wctype.h int iswxdigit (wint_t wc);
digit character.
Tests if c is a hexadecimal
isxdigit4 wctype.h int isxdigit(int c);
digit.
Calculates the Bessel
j0 math.h double j0(double x); function value of the first
kind of order 0.
Calculates the Bessel
j1 math.h double j1(double x); function value of the first
kind of order 1.
Calculates the Bessel
jn math.h double jn(int n, double x); function value of the first
kind of order n.
Calculates the absolute value
labs stdlib.h long int labs(long int n);
of n.
Returns the value of x
ldexp math.h double ldexp(double x, int exp); multiplied by (2 to the power
of exp).
Calculates the quotient and
ldiv_t ldiv(long int numerator, long
ldiv stdlib.h remainder of
int denominator);
numerator/denominator.
Formats numeric quantities
localeconv locale.h struct lconv *localeconv(void); in struct lconv according to
the current locale.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
struct tm *localtime(const time_t Converts timeval to a
localtime time.h
*timeval); structure of type tm.
struct tm *localtime64(const Converts timeval to a
localtime64 time.h
time64_t *timeval); structure of type tm.
Converts a time value to a
struct tm *localtime_r (const time_t structure of type tm.
localtime_r time.h
*timeval, struct tm *result); (Restartable version of
localtime.)
Converts a time value to a
struct tm *localtime64_r (const
structure of type tm.
localtime64_r time.h time64_t *timeval, struct tm
(Restartable version of
*result);
localtime64.)
Calculates the natural
log math.h double log(double x);
logarithm of x.
Calculates the base 10
log10 math.h double log10(double x);
logarithm of x.
Restores a stack environment
void longjmp(jmp_buf env, int
longjmp setjmp.h previously set in env by the
value);
setjmp function.
malloc stdlib.h void *malloc(size_t size); Reserves a block of storage.
int mblen(const char *string, size_t Determines the length of a
mblen stdlib.h
n); multibyte character string.
Determines the length of a
int mbrlen (const char *s, size_t n, multibyte character.
mbrlen4 wchar.h
mbstate_t *ps); (Restartable version of
mblen.)
Convert a multibyte
int mbrtowc (wchar_t *pwc, const character to a wide character
mbrtowc4 wchar.h
char *s, size_t n, mbstate_t *ps); (Restartable version of
mbtowc.)
Test state object *ps for
mbsinit4 wchar.h int mbsinit (const mbstate_t *ps);
initial state.
Convert multibyte string to a
size_t mbsrtowc (wchar_t *dst,
wide character string.
mbsrtowcs4 wchar.h const char **src, size_t len,
(Restartable version of
mbstate_t *ps);
mbstowcs.)
Converts the multibyte
characters in string to their
size_t mbstowcs(wchar_t *pwc,
mbstowcs stdlib.h corresponding wchar_t
const char *string, size_t n);
codes, and stores not more
than n codes in pwc.
mbtowc stdlib.h int mbtowc(wchar_t *pwc, const Stores the wchar_t code
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
corresponding to the first n
bytes of multibyte character
char *string, size_t n);
string into the wchar_t
character pwc.
Searches the first count bytes
void *memchr(const void *buf, int of buf for the first occurrence
memchr string.h
c, size_t count); of c converted to an
unsigned character.
int memcmp(const void *buf1, Compares up to count bytes
memcmp string.h
const void *buf2, size_t count); of buf1 and buf2.
void *memcpy(void *dest, const Copies count bytes of src to
memcpy string.h
void *src, size_t count); dest.
Copies count bytes of src to
void *memmove(void *dest, const
memmove string.h dest. Allows copying
void *src, size_t count);
between objects that overlap.
void *memset(void *dest, int c, Sets count bytes of dest to a
memset string.h
size_t count); value c.
Converts local time into
mktime time.h time_t mktime(struct tm *time);
calendar time.
time64_t mktime64(struct tm Converts local time into
mktime64 time.h
*time); calendar time.
Breaks down the floating-
double modf(double x, double
modf math.h point value x into fractional
*intptr);
and integral parts.
Calculates the next
double nextafter(double x, double
nextafter math.h representable value after x in
y);
the direction of y.
Calculates the next
long double nextafterl(long double
nextafterl math.h representable value after x in
x, long double y);
the direction of y.
Calculates the next
double nexttoward(double x, long
nexttoward math.h representable value after x in
double y);
the direction of y.
Calculates the next
long double nexttowardl(long
nexttowardl math.h representable value after x in
double x, long double y);
the direction of y.
Retrieve from the current
locale the string that
nl_langinfo4 langinfo.h char *nl_langinfo(nl_item item); describes the requested
information specified by
item.
perror stdio.h void perror(const char *string); Prints an error message to
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
stderr.
Calculates the value x to the
pow math.h double pow(double x, double y);
power y.
Formats and prints
int printf(const char *format-string,
printf stdio.h characters and values to
arg-list);
stdout.
putc1 stdio.h int putc(int c, FILE *stream); Prints c to the output stream.
putchar1 stdio.h int putchar(int c); Prints c to stdout.
Sets the value of an
environment variable by
putenv stdlib.h int *putenv(const char *varname);
altering an existing variable
or creating a new one.
puts stdio.h int puts(const char *string); Prints a string to stdout.
Converts the wide character
stdio.h wint_t putwchar(wchar_t wc, FILE wc to a multibyte character,
putwc6
wchar.h *stream); and writes it to the stream at
the current position.
Converts the wide character
putwchar6 wchar.h wint_t putwchar(wchar_t wc); wc to a multibyte character
and writes it to stdout.
void qsort(void *base, size_t num,
Performs a quick sort of an
size_t width, int(*compare)(const
qsort stdlib.h array of num elements, each
void *element1, const void
of width bytes in size.
*element2));
Compute the quantum
_Decimal32
exponent of a single-
quantexpd32 math.h quantized32(_Decimal32 x,
precision decimal floating-
_Decimal32 y);
point value.
Compute the quantum
_Decimal64
exponent of a double-
quantexpd64 math.h quantized64(_Decimal64 x,
precision decimal floating-
_Decimal64 y);
point value.
_Decimal128 Compute the quantum
quantexpd128 math.h quantized128(_Decimal128 x, exponent of a quad-precision
_Decimal128 y); decimal floating-point value.
Set the quantum exponent of
a single-precision decimal
floating-point value to the
quantized32 math.h int quantexpd32(_Decimal32 x);
quantum exponent of another
single-precision decimal
floating-point value.
quantized64 math.h int quantexpd64(_Decimal64 x); Set the quantum exponent of
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
a double-precision decimal
floating-point value to the
quantum exponent of another
double-precision decimal
floating-point value.
Set the quantum exponent of
a quad-precision decimal
floating-point value to the
quantized128 math.h int quantexpd128(_Decimal128 x);
quantum exponent of another
quad-precision decimal
floating-point value.
Determine if the quantum
__bool__
exponents of two single-
samequantumd32 math.h samequantumd32(_Decimal32 x,
precision decimal floating-
_Decimal32 y);
point values are the same.
Determine if the quantum
__bool__
exponents of two double-
samequantumd64 math.h samequantumd64(_Decimal64 x,
precision decimal floating-
_Decimal64 y);
point values are the same.
Determine if the quantum
__bool__
exponents of two quad-
samequantumd128 math.h samequantumd128(_Decimal128 x,
precision decimal floating-
_Decimal128 y);
point values are the same.
Sends the signal sig to the
raise signal.h int raise(int sig);
running program.
Returns a pseudo-random
rand stdlib.h int rand(void);
integer.
Returns a pseudo-random
rand_r stdlib.h int rand_r(void);
integer. (Restartable version)
Changes the size of a
realloc stdlib.h void *realloc(void *ptr, size_t size); previously reserved storage
block.
regcomp regex.h Compiles the source regular
expression pointed to by
int regcomp(regex_t *preg, const
pattern into an executable
char *pattern, int cflags);
version and stores it in the
location pointed to by preg.
size_t regerror(int errcode, const Finds the description for the
regerror regex.h regex_t *preg, char *errbuf, size_t error code errcode for the
errbuf_size); regular expression preg.
regexec regex.h int regexec(const regex_t *preg, Compares the null-ended
const char *string, size_t nmatch, string string against the
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
compiled regular expression
regmatch_t *pmatch, int eflags); preg to find a match between
the two.
Frees any memory that was
allocated by regcomp to
regfree regex.h void regfree(regex_t *preg);
implement the regular
expression preg.
Deletes the file specified by
remove stdio.h int remove(const char *filename);
filename.
int rename(const char *oldname,
rename stdio.h Renames the specified file.
const char *newname);
Repositions the file pointer
rewind1 stdio.h void rewind(FILE *stream); associated with stream to the
beginning of the file.
int scanf(const char *format-string, Reads data from stdin into
scanf stdio.h
arg-list); locations given by arg-list.
void setbuf(FILE *stream, char Controls buffering for
setbuf stdio.h
*buffer); stream.
Saves a stack environment
setjmp setjmp.h int setjmp(jmp_buf env); that can be subsequently
restored by longjmp.
char *setlocale(int category, const Changes or queries variables
setlocale locale.h
char *locale); defined in the locale.
int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char Controls buffering and
setvbuf stdio.h
*buf, int type, size_t size); buffer size for stream.
void(*signal (int sig, void(*func) Registers func as a signal
signal signal.h
(int))) (int); handler for the signal sig.
sin math.h double sin(double x); Calculates the sine of x.
Calculates the hyperbolic
sinh math.h double sinh(double x);
sine of x.
Same as sprintf except that
int snprintf(char *outbuf, size_t n, the function will stop after n
snprintf stdio.h
const char*, ...) characters have been written
to outbuf.
Formats and stores
int sprintf(char *buffer, const char
sprintf stdio.h characters and values in
*format-string, arg-list);
buffer.
Calculates the square root of
sqrt math.h double sqrt(double x);
x.
Sets the seed for the pseudo-
srand stdlib.h void srand(unsigned int seed);
random number generator.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
Reads data from buffer into
int sscanf(const char *buffer, const
sscanf stdio.h the locations given by arg-
char *format, arg-list);
list.
int srtcasecmp(const char *string1, Compares strings without
strcasecmp strings.h
const char *string2); case sensitivity.
char *strcat(char *string1, const Concatenates string2 to
strcat string.h
char *string2); string1.
char *strchr(const char *string, int Locates the first occurrence
strchr string.h
c); of c in string.
int strcmp(const char *string1, Compares the value of
strcmp string.h
const char *string2); string1 to string2.
Compares two strings using
int strcoll(const char *string1, const
strcoll string.h the collating sequence in the
char *string2);
current locale.
char *strcpy(char *string1, const
strcpy string.h Copies string2 into string1.
char *string2);
Returns the length of the
size_t strcspn(const char *string1, initial substring of string1
strcspn string.h
const char *string2); consisting of characters not
contained in string2.
Maps the error number in
strerror string.h char *strerror(int errnum); errnum to an error message
string.
int strfmon (char *s, size_t maxsize, Converts monetary value to
strfmon4 wchar.h
const char *format, ...); string.
Stores characters in an array
size_t strftime (char *dest, size_t
pointed to by dest, according
strftime time.h maxsize, const char *format, const
to the string determined by
struct tm *timeptr);
format.
Calculates the length of
strlen string.h size_t strlen(const char *string);
string.
int strncasecmp(const char *string1, Compares strings without
strncasecmp strings.h
const char *string2, size_t count); case sensitivity.
Concatenates up to count
char *strncat(char *string1, const
strncat string.h characters of string2 to
char *string2, size_t count);
string1.
Compares up to count
int strncmp(const char *string1,
strncmp string.h characters of string1 and
const char *string2, size_t count);
string2.
Copies up to count
char *strncpy(char *string1, const
strncpy string.h characters of string2 to
char *string2, size_t count);
string1.
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
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Locates the first occurrence
char *strpbrk(const char *string1,
strpbrk string.h in string1 of any character in
const char *string2);
string2.
char *strptime (const char *buf,
strptime4 time.h Date and time conversion
const char *format, struct tm *tm);
char *strrchr(const char *string, int Locates the last occurrence
strrchr string.h
c); of c in string.
Returns the length of the
size_t strspn(const char *string1, initial substring of string1
strspn string.h
const char *string2); consisting of characters
contained in string2.
Returns a pointer to the first
char *strstr(const char *string1,
strstr string.h occurrence of string2 in
const char *string2);
string1.
double strtod(const char *nptr, char Converts nptr to a double
strtod stdlib.h
**endptr); precision value.
Converts nptr to a single-
_Decimal32 strtod32(const char
strtod32 stdlib.h precision decimal floating-
*nptr, char **endptr);
point value.
Converts nptr to a double-
_Decimal64 strtod64(const char
strtod64 stdlib.h precision decimal floating-
*nptr, char **endptr);
point value.
Converts nptr to a quad-
_Decimal128 strtod128(const char
strtod128 stdlib.h precision decimal floating-
*nptr, char **endptr);
point value.
float strtof(const char *nptr, char Converts nptr to a float
strtof stdlib.h
**endptr); value.
Locates the next token in
char *strtok(char *string1, const
strtok string.h string1 delimited by the next
char *string2);
character in string2.
Locates the next token in
string delimited by the next
char *strtok_r(char *string, const
strtok_r string.h character in seps.
char *seps, char **lasts);
(Restartable version of
strtok.)
long int strtol(const char *nptr, char Converts nptr to a signed
strtol stdlib.h
**endptr, int base); long integer.
long double strtold(const char Converts nptr to a long
strtold stdlib.h
*nptr, char **endptr); double value.
unsigned long int strtoul(const char Converts string1 to an
strtoul stdlib.h
*string1, char **string2, int base); unsigned long integer.
strxfrm string.h size_t strxfrm(char *string1, const Converts string2 and places
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
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the result in string1. The
char *string2, size_t count); conversion is determined by
the program's current locale.
Formats and stores a series
int swprintf(wchar_t *wcsbuffer,
of wide characters and
swprintf wchar.h size_t n, const wchar_t *format,
values into the wide-
arg-list);
character buffer wcsbuffer.
Reads data from buffer into
int swscanf (const wchar_t *buffer,
swscanf wchar.h the locations given by arg-
const wchar_t *format, arg-list)
list.
Passes string to the system
system stdlib.h int system(const char *string);
command analyzer.
tan math.h double tan(double x); Calculates the tangent of x.
Calculates the hyperbolic
tanh math.h double tanh(double x);
tangent of x.
Returns the current calendar
time time.h time_t time(time_t *timeptr);
time.
time64_t time64(time64_t Returns the current calendar
time64 time.h
*timeptr); time.
Creates a temporary binary
tmpfile stdio.h FILE *tmpfile(void);
file and opens it.
Generates a temporary file
tmpnam stdio.h char *tmpnam(char *string);
name.
Converts c to a character in
toascii ctype.h int toascii(int c); the 7-bit US-ASCII character
set.
tolower ctype.h int tolower(int c); Converts c to lowercase.
toupper ctype.h int toupper(int c); Converts c to uppercase.
Translates the wide character
wint_t towctrans(wint_t wc,
towctrans wctype.h wc based on the mapping
wctrans_t desc);
described by desc.
Converts uppercase letter to
towlower4 wctype.h wint_t towlower (wint_t wc);
lowercase letter.
Converts lowercase letter to
towupper4 wctype.h wint_t towupper (wint_t wc);
uppercase letter.
Pushes c back onto the input
ungetc1 stdio.h int ungetc(int c, FILE *stream);
stream.
Pushes the wide character
stdio.h wint_t ungetwc(wint_t wc, FILE
ungetwc6 wc back onto the input
wchar.h *stream);
stream.
va_arg stdarg.h var_type va_arg(va_list arg_ptr, Returns the value of one
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
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argument and modifies
var_type); arg_ptr to point to the next
argument.
void va_copy(va_list dest, va_list Initializes dest as a copy of
va_copy stdarg.h
src); src.
Facilitates normal return
va_end stdarg.h void va_end(va_list arg_ptr); from variable argument list
processing.
Initializes arg_ptr for
void va_start(va_list arg_ptr,
va_start stdarg.h subsequent use by va_arg
variable_name);
and va_end.
Formats and prints
stdio.h int vfprintf(FILE *stream, const characters to the output
vfprintf
stdarg.h char *format, va_list arg_ptr); stream using a variable
number of arguments.
Reads data from a specified
stdio.h int vfscanf(FILE *stream, const stream into locations given
vfscanf
stdarg.h char *format, va_list arg_ptr); by a variable number of
arguments.
Equivalent to fwprintf,
stdarg.h
int vfwprintf(FILE *stream, const except that the variable
vfwprintf6 stdio.h
wchar_t *format, va_list arg); argument list is replaced by
wchar.h
arg.
Reads wide data from a
stdio.h int vfwscanf(FILE *stream, const specified stream into
vfwscanf
stdarg.h wchar_t *format, va_list arg_ptr); locations given by a variable
number of arguments.
Formats and prints
stdio.h int vprintf(const char *format, characters to stdout using a
vprintf
stdarg.h va_list arg_ptr); variable number of
arguments.
Reads data from stdin into
stdio.h int vscanf(const char *format,
vscanf locations given by a variable
stdarg.h va_list arg_ptr);
number of arguments.
Formats and stores
int vsprintf(char *target-string,
stdio.h characters in a buffer using a
vsprintf const char *format, va_list
stdarg.h variable number of
arg_ptr);
arguments.
Same as vsprintf except that
int vsnprintf(char *outbuf, size_t n, the function will stop after n
vsnprintf stdio.h
const char*, va_list); characters have been written
to outbuf.
 System
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Reads data from a buffer into
stdio.h int vsscanf(const char*buffer, const
vsscanf locations given by a variable
stdarg.h char *format, va_list arg_ptr);
number of arguments.
Formats and stores a series
int vswprintf(wchar_t *wcsbuffer,
stdarg.h of wide characters and
vswprintf size_t n, const wchar_t *format,
wchar.h values in the buffer
va_list arg);
wcsbuffer.
Reads wide data from a
int vswscanf(const wchar_t *buffer,
stdio.h buffer into locations given
vswscanf const wchar_t *format, va_list
wchar.h by a variable number of
arg_ptr);
arguments.
Equivalent to wprintf, except
stdarg.h int vwprintf(const wchar_t *format,
vwprintf6 that the variable argument
wchar.h va_list arg);
list is replaced by arg.
Reads wide data from stdin
stdio.h int vwscanf(const wchar_t *format, into locations given by a
vwscanf
wchar.h va_list arg_ptr); variable number of
arguments.
Converts a wide character to
int wcrtomb (char *s, wchar_t a multibyte character.
wcrtomb4 wchar.h
wchar, mbstate_t *pss); (Restartable version of
wctomb.)
Appends a copy of the string
wchar_t *wcscat(wchar_t *string1, pointed to by string2 to the
wcscat wchar.h
const wchar_t *string2); end of the string pointed to
by string1.
Searches the wide-character
wchar_t *wcschr(const wchar_t string pointed to by string
wcschr wchar.h
*string, wchar_t character); for the occurrence of
character.
Compares two wide-
int wcscmp(const wchar_t *string1,
wcscmp wchar.h character strings, *string1
const wchar_t *string2);
and *string2.
Compares two wide-
int wcscoll (const wchar_t *wcs1, character strings using the
wcscoll4 wchar.h
const wchar_t *wcs2); collating sequence in the
current locale.
Copies the contents of
wchar_t *wcscpy(wchar_t *string1, *string2 (including the
wcscpy wchar.h
const wchar_t *string2); ending wchar_t null
character) into *string1.
wcscspn wchar.h size_t wcscspn(const wchar_t Determines the number of
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
wchar_t characters in the
initial segment of the string
*string1, const wchar_t *string2); pointed to by *string1 that
do not appear in the string
pointed to by *string2.
Converts the time and date
size_t wcsftime(wchar_t *wdest,
specification in the timeptr
wcsftime wchar.h size_t maxsize, const wchar_t
structure into a wide-
*format, const struct tm *timeptr);
character string.
Computes the number of
size_t wcslen(const wchar_t
wcslen wchar.h wide-characters in the string
*string);
pointed to by string.
Formats numeric quantities
struct wcslconv
wcslocaleconv locale.h in struct wcslconv according
*wcslocaleconv(void);
to the current locale.
Appends up to count wide
wchar_t *wcsncat(wchar_t characters from string2 to
wcsncat wchar.h *string1, const wchar_t *string2, the end of string1, and
size_t count); appends a wchar_t null
character to the result.
int wcsncmp(const wchar_t Compares up to count wide
wcsncmp wchar.h *string1, const wchar_t *string2, characters in string1 to
size_t count); string2.
wchar_t *wcsncpy(wchar_t Copies up to count wide
wcsncpy wchar.h *string1, const wchar_t *string2, characters from string2 to
size_t count); string1.
Locates the first occurrence
in the string pointed to by
wchar_t *wcspbrk(const wchar_t
wcspbrk wchar.h string1 of any wide
*string1, const wchar_t *string2);
characters from the string
pointed to by string2.
Date and time conversion.
wchar_t *wcsptime ( const wchar_t
Equivalent to strptime(),
wcsptime wchar.h *buf, const wchar_t *format, struct
except that it uses wide
tm *tm );
characters.
Locates the last occurrence
wchar_t *wcsrchr(const wchar_t
wcsrchr wchar.h of character in the string
*string, wchar_t character);
pointed to by string.
Converts wide character
size_t wcsrtombs (char *dst, const
string to multibyte string.
wcsrtombs4 wchar.h wchar_t **src, size_t len, mbstate_t
(Restartable version of
*ps);
wcstombs.)
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
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Computes the number of
wide characters in the initial
segment of the string pointed
size_t wcsspn(const wchar_t
wcsspn wchar.h to by string1, which consists
*string1, const wchar_t *string2);
entirely of wide characters
from the string pointed to by
string2.
wchar_t *wcsstr(const wchar_t Locates the first occurrence
wcsstr wchar.h
*wcs1, const wchar_t *wcs2); of wcs2 in wcs1.
Converts the initial portion
double wcstod(const wchar_t *nptr, of the wide-character string
wcstod wchar.h
wchar_t **endptr); pointed to by nptr to a
double value.
Converts the initial portion
of the wide-character string
_Decimal32 wcstod32(const
wcstod32 wchar.h pointed to by nptr to a
wchar_t *nptr, wchar_t **endptr);
single-precision decimal
floating-point value.
Converts the initial portion
of the wide-character string
_Decimal64 wcstod64(const
wcstod64 wchar.h pointed to by nptr to a
wchar_t *nptr, wchar_t **endptr);
double-precision decimal
floating-point value.
Converts the initial portion
of the wide-character string
_Decimal128 wcstod128(const
wcstod128 wchar.h pointed to by nptr to a quad-
wchar_t *nptr, wchar_t **endptr);
precision decimal floating-
point value.
Converts the initial portion
float wcstof(const wchar_t *nptr, of the wide-character string
wcstof wchar.h
wchar_t **endptr); pointed to by nptr to a float
value.
Breaks wcs1 into a sequence
wchar_t *wcstok(wchar_t *wcs1, of tokens, each of which is
wcstok wchar.h const wchar_t *wcs2, wchar_t delimited by a wide
**ptr) character from the wide
string pointed to by wcs2.
Converts the initial portion
long int wcstol(const wchar_t *nptr, of the wide-character string
wcstol wchar.h
wchar_t **endptr, int base); pointed to by nptr to a long
integer value.
wcstold wchar.h long double wcstold(const wchar_t Converts the initial portion
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
of the wide-character string
*nptr, wchar_t **endptr); pointed to by nptr to a long
double value.
size_t wcstombs(char *dest, const Converts the wchar_t string
wcstombs stdlib.h
wchar_t *string, size_t count); into a multibyte string dest.
Converts the initial portion
unsigned long int wcstoul(const
of the wide-character string
wcstoul wchar.h wchar_t *nptr, wchar_t **endptr,
pointed to by nptr to an
int base);
unsigned long integer value.
Transforms a wide-character
string to values which
size_t wcsxfrm (wchar_t *wcs1, represent character collating
wcsxfrm4 wchar.h
const wchar_t *wcs2, size_t n); weights and places the
resulting wide-character
string into an array.
int wctob(wint_t wc); Determines whether wc
corresponds to a member of
the extended character set
stdarg.h
wctob whose multibyte character
wchar.h
representation is a single
byte when in the initial shift
state.
Converts the wchar_t value
int wctomb(char *string, wchar_t
wctomb stdlib.h of character into a multibyte
character);
string.
Constructs a value with type
wctrans_t that describes a
wctrans_t wctrans(const char
wctrans wctype.h mapping between wide
*property);
characters identified by the
string argument property.
wctype_t wctype (const char Obtains handle for character
wctype4 wchar.h
*property); property classification.
int wcswidth(const wchar_t *pwcs, Determine the display width
wcwidth wchar.h
size_t n); of a wide character string.
Locates the first occurrence
wchar_t *wmemchr(const wchar_t of c in the initial n wide
wmemchr wchar.h
*s, wchar_t c, size_t n); characters of the object
pointed to by s.
wmemcmp wchar.h int wmemcmp(const wchar_t *s1, Compares the first n wide
const wchar_t *s2, size_t n); characters of the object
pointed to by s1 to the first n
characters of the object
 System
Function Include Function Prototype Description
File
pointed to by s2.
Copies n wide characters
wchar_t *wmemcpy(wchar_t *s1, from the object pointed to by
wmemcpy wchar.h
const wchar_t *s2, size_t n); s2 to the object pointed to by
s1.
Copies n wide characters
wchar_t *wmemmove(wchar_t *s1, from the object pointed to by
wmemmove wchar.h
const wchar_t *s2, size_t n); s2 to the object pointed to by
s1.
Copies the value of c into
wchar_t *wmemset(wchar_t *s, each of the first n wide
wmemset wchar.h
wchar_t c, size_t n); characters of the object
pointed to by s.
Equivalent to fwprintf with
int wprintf(const wchar_t *format, the argument stdout
wprintf6 wchar.h
arg-list); interposed before the
arguments to wprintf.
Equivalent to fwscanf with
int wscanf(const wchar_t *format, the argument stdin
wscanf6 wchar.h
arg-list); interposed before the
arguments of wscanf.
Calculates the Bessel
y0 math.h double y0(double x); function value of the second
kind of order 0.
Calculates the Bessel
y1 math.h double y1(double x); function value of the second
kind of order 1.
Calculates the Bessel
yn math.h double yn(int n, double x); function value of the second
kind of order n.