LECTURE: THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY MED 231/ YEAR 1/ TERM 2

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

[TRANS] GLOBALIZATION
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION It is a ‘world of things’ that have different speeds, axes,
• Globalization: Inherently interdisciplinary point of origin and termination, and varied relationships
• See contemporary world through a broad lens to institutional structures in different regions, nations, or
• Allow us to examine various globalizing processes societies.
(Arjun Appadural, 1996) – as cited in Chowdhury, 2006
• Forces us to as questions re: global citizenship

The International Monetary Fund defines globalization as GLOBALIZATION

“the process through an increasingly flow of ideas, • It is a reality. It is changing as human society develops.
people, goods services and capital leads to integration • It is complex, multifaceted, and can be influenced by the
of economies and societies” people who define it.

According to Manfred Steger, Globalization is the expansion Academic Definition

and intensification of social relations and consciousness • As opposed to popular/activist definition:
across world-time and across world space. • Not “neoliberal globalization”/ “market globalism.

Globalization is the expansion of social relations. This is in For a political scientist

recognition that the globalization is mostly felt in the cities or
urban areas.
The second term used is intensification. This means that
different countries have become deeply interconnected not
only economically, socially but also politically.
Lastly, Steger talks about the consciousness across world
time and space. In order to understand this, we need to
recognize first that the globalization as a process is
dependent on technological advancements – the speed
through which ideas, people and products travel in different
parts of the world is made possible due to inventions and
innovations.
The literature on the definition of globalization revealed that
definitions could be classified as either.
1. Broad and inclusive
2. Narrow and exclusive
(1) BROAD AND INCLUSIVE
“Globalization means the onset of the borderless world.”
(2) NARROW AND EXCLUSIVE
The characteristic of the globalization trend include the
internationalizing of production, the new international
division of labor, new migratory movements from South
to North, the new competitive environment that
accelerates these processes and the internationalizing
of the state…making states into agencies of the
globalizing world (Robert Cox – as cited in RAWOO-
NDARC, 2000)
“Challenge to the nation state.”
• Strength of regional blocks
• Emergence of global political norms
• Emergence of corporations
Microsoft is bigger than Croatia
Croatia’s GDP: 60.59 billion (dollar)
Microsoft’s Revenue: 62.48 billion (dollar)
Microsoft would rank as the world’s 66th biggest economy.
Apple is bigger than Ecuador
Ecuador’s GDP: 58.91 billion (dollar)
Apple’s Rvenue:65.23 billion (dollar)
Apple would rank as the world’s 68th biggest country.
Economist
• Increased free trade
• Speed of trade (milliseconds to trade shares)
• Global economic organizations
• Regional trade blocks
Free trade is a policy followed by some international markets
in which countries’ governments do not restrict imports from,
or exports to, other countries. Free trade is exemplified by
the European Economic Area and the Mercosur, which have
established open markets.
GLOBAL ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS

GLOBALIZATION

The process of world shrinkage, of distances getting

shorter things moving closer. Pertains to the increasing
ease with which somebody on one side of the world can
interact, to mutual benefit with somebody on the other
side of the world.” (Thomas Larsson, 2001) - The Race
to the Top: The Real Story of Globalization.

It is a trans planetary process or a set of processes

involving increasing liquidity and the growing
multidirectional flows of people, objects, places, and
information as well as the structures they encounter and
create that are barriers to, or expedite those flows..
(Ritzer, 2015).
INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
 TRANS: GLOBALIZATION

AND THE WORLD ECONOMY

• “Global village”
IGO FULL TITLE FUNCTION • Communication technology as “shrinking”our world
IMF International To promote • “Cultural imperialism”.
Monetary Fund international
monetary ATTRIBUTES OF GLOBALIZATION
stability 1. Various forms of connectivity
IBRD International To promote 2. Expansion and stretching of social relations
Bank for economic 3. Intensification and acceleration of social exchanges and
Reconstruction recovery and activities
and development 4. Occurs subjectively
Development (
World Bank)
WTO World Trade To supervise VARIOUS FORMS OF CONNECTIVITY
Organization and promote
international • They are diverse (can be economic, political, cultural,
trade etc.)
• They are enabled by various factors, pressures, media,
etc.
GLOBAL ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS
• They are uneven (different degrees of interconnection)

EXPANSION AND STRETCHING OF SOCIAL

RELATIONS

1. NGOs
2. Friendships/Relationships
3. Government associations
4. MNCs

REGIONAL TRADE BLOCS

The WTO permits the existence of trade blocs, provided that
they result in lower protection against outside countries than
existed before the creation of the trade bloc.
• European Union (EU) – a cccustoms union,, asingle
mmmarket and now with a single currency.
• European Free Trade Area (EFTA)
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
between the USA, Canada and Mexico
• Mercosur – a customs union between Brazil, Uruguay,
Paraguay and Vanezuela
• Association of Sotheast Asians Nations (ASEAN) Free
Trade Area (AFTA) INTENSIFICATION AND ACCELERATION OF
• Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa SOCIAL EXCHANGES AND ACTIVITIES
(COMESA)
• South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) created in 2006 1. From snail mail, to email, to Facebook
with countries such as India and Pakistan 2. Live television (and streaming services)
• Pacific Alliance – 2013 – a regional trade agreement 3. Increased travel (cheap flights)
between Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru
• Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) – a proposed free trade
agreement being negotiated during 2013 between OCCURS SUBJECTIVELY
Australia, Brunei, Chile, Canada, Malaysia, Mexico, New
Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States and
Vietnam. 1. We think about the world (#PrayforParis for example)
2. We associate ourselves with global trends (fan of K-
Pop)
FOR THE SCHOLAR OF CULTURE AND 3. Hopefully, we feel some sense of responsibility (climate
COMMUNICATION change)

MACALINAO, STACY REINE 2

 TRANS: GLOBALIZATION

The facility of communication has made it possible for people

to be immediately informed of events without being
physically present at such events.

GLOBALIZATION (areas affected)

• Media
• Food/Delicacies
• Music
• Economy
• Technology
• Literature
• Transportation
• Religion
• Original Products
• Education ‘
• Terrorism
• Tourism
• Mobility

WHAT IS G7?
• Also known as the Group of Seven, these countries are
seven of the largest economies of the world.
• Together, they represent more than 62 per cent of the
global net wealth ($280trillion).
• The group was founded in the early 1970s as the seven
countries discussed concerns about the collapse of the
oil industry.
• It offers the leaders of these nations the chance to come
together and tackle the most challenging global issues
of the time.

WHICH COUNTRIES ARE MEMBERS?

• The seven members are:
o Canada
o France
o Germany
o Italy
o Japan
o United Kingdom
o United States
•
REFERENCES

Presented by: May D. Borja

The Contemporary World – NU Manila

MACALINAO, STACY REINE 3