Week-7-11 CM MDL Sem2 PPC

ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)
MODULE 7: VISAYAS: HYBRID MODES IN LOCAL COLOR MODULE 10: WHAT IS WORLD LITERATURE?
Lesson 1: Visayas: Hybrid Modes in Local Color Lesson 1: What is World Literature?
Lesson 2: Introduction to the Worlds Literature’s Period
Lesson 2: Romantic Novel as Popular Literature
Activities and Assessment
Lesson 3: Metafiction
MODULE 11: LITERATURE OF GLOBAL NORTH
Lesson 1: Literature of the Global North
MODULE 8: MINDANAO: LITERATURE OF CONFLICT Lesson 2: Anglo-American
Lesson 1: Mindanao: Literature of Conflict Activities andAssessment
Lesson 2: Filipino Muslim Literature Midterm Project
Lesson 3: Literacy Anthologies
MODULE 9: WHAT IS LITERATURE?

Lesson 1: What is literature?
Lesson 2: The Genres and the Elements
1
UN VISAYAS: HYBRID MODES IN LOCAL COLOR

IT 2
At the end of this module, you are expected to:

MODULE • Appreciate the contributions of the canonical Filipino
writers to the development of the national literature
7 • Infer literary from literary language based on usage
Duration: _________
WHAT FOLK ELEMENTS MAKE

TODAY’S POPULAR FORMS
WIDELY APPEALING?
VISAYAS: HYBRID MODES IN LOCAL COLOR

One of the longest known epics in the world is the ethno-epic “Hinilawod”
of the ancient people of sulod in Central Panay, the only epic record in the Visayas.
Recorded in the 1950s by anthropologist F. Landa Jocano who hails from the
province of IloIlo, HINILAWOD is more than 53,000 lines long and takes thirty hours
Overview: to recite. Segments of the epic have been adapted at festival (the Hirinugyaw –
Suguidanonay in Calinog, Central Panay). During the Spanish colonial period when
The first literary works in Visayas, the immensely popular Lagda sa pagca maligdon natives were indigenizing the pasyon and koridolcorrido (metrical romances),
sa tauong Bisaya (1734) and another Cebuano work, Fr. Blas Cavada de Castro’s Spanish and native aspiring writers were also looking to the available literary
Ang Suga nga Magadan-ag sa napayupo sa Cangingitan sa Sala (1879), combine into models at that time. The first literary works in Visayas, the immensely popular
one books several dialogues,maxims,tales,meditation,and ajemplos (pananglitan). Lagda sa pagca maligdon sa tauong Bisaya (1734) and another Cebuano work, Fr.
A new set of economic and social conditions prepared the ground not just for the Blas Cavada de Castro’s Ang Suga nga Magadan-ag sa napayupo sa Cangingitan sa
revolution at the end of the century “Spanish rule 19th” but also the rise of the Sala (1879), combine into one books several dialogues,
vernacular writing in the Visayas. Relative prosperity in Iloilo, Negros, and Cebu maxims,tales,meditation,and ajemplos (pananglitan). A new set of economic and
Where large haciendas grew export crops like sugar helped create a middle class social conditions prepared the ground not just for the revolution at the end of the
who could send to Manila or Abroad to Study. century “Spanish rule 19th” but also the rise of the vernacular writing in the
Visayas. Relative prosperity in Iloilo, Negros, and Cebu Where large haciendas
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grew export crops like sugar helped create a middle class who could send to Manila HINILAWOD
or Abroad to Study.
Philippines only changing colonial master rather than gaining long terms Is an epic poem orally transmitted from early inhabitants of a place called
independence, the liberal atmosphere that Filipino-led movement helped create Sulod in central Panay, Philippines. The term "Hinilawod" generally translates to
led to the burst of provincial journalism and native language writing. It also helped "Tales from The Mouth of the Halawod River". The epic must have been commonly
that the Spanish language was already losing favor, and the English language had known to the Visayans of Panay before the conquest, since its main protagonists,
not yet taken root at this time of early American colonial period. The golden age of like Labaw Donggon, were noted in the accounts of the Islanders' beliefs and
vernacular literature in the 20th Century would not have been possible without the recorded by early Spanish colonizers. One of these Westerners' accounts says that
rise of provincial journalism. Before the turns of century, the dominance and the adventures of this ancient hero of Panay were recalled during weddings and in
proSpanish periodical was already being eclipsed by native language paper El songs. It was noted that there were still native Mondos of Dingle, Iloilo who
Porvenir de Visaya (1884-1989) of Iloilo and El Bolitin de Cebu. The creation of the worshipped Labaw Donggon even until the last years of the Spanish rule in the
native language periodicals continued., in Cebu, Iloilo. Serialized fiction that Philippines. These worshippers would stealthily enter a certain cave in Dingle in the
dramatized popular sentiments become such a hit especially in 1930s that evening of a certain day of the year, in order to render homage and to offer
periodical heavily dependent on them for sales. The first Visayan Novel, Hiligaynon chickens, doves, rice, bananas, and pigs to the ancient Visayan god. It is recorded
Angel M. Magahum’s Benjamin (1907), was one such hybrid that combined the by F. Landa Jocano more than 53,000 lines long and it takes 30 hours to recite
Spanish-era ex emplum (novel of manners) and the modern chronicle (short Hinilawod of the ancient people of Sulod in Central Panay.
historical account).
ROMATIC NOVEL AS POPULAR LITERATURE
POETRY AND METRICAL ROMANCES Some forms of poetry are, Dialogo (dialogue),
Manual de Urbanidad (conduct book) Ejemplo (exemplum) and Tratado (tratado).
(The most well-known are Modesto de Castro's "Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini
na si Urbana at si Feliza" (Correspondence between the Two Maidens Urbana and
Feliza) in 1864 and Joaquin Tuason's "Ang Bagong Robinson" (The New Robinson)
in 1879, an adaptation of Daniel Defoe's novel.) The most notable of the secular
lyrics followed the conventions of a romantic tradition: the languishing but loyal
lover, the elusive, often heartless beloved, the rival. The leading poets were Jose
Corazon de Jesus (Huseng Sisiw) and Francisco Balagtas. Some secular poets who
wrote in this same tradition were Leona Florentino, Jacinto Kawili, Isabelo de los
Reyes and Rafael Gandioco.
Another popular secular poetry is the metrical romance, the awit and korido in
Tagalog. These are colorful tales of chivalry from European sources made for
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singing and chanting such as Gonzalo de Cordoba (Gonzalo of Cordoba) and Ibong metafictional work will call attention to the writing process itself. The reader is
Adarna (Adarna Bird). There are numerous metrical romances in Tagalog, Bicol, never to forget that what she is reading is constructed--not natural, not "real." She
Ilongo, Pampango, Ilocano and in Pangasinan. The awit as a popular poetic genre is never to get "lost" in the story. Explicit use of metafictional technique stems from
reached new heights in Balagtas' "Florante at Laura" (ca. 1838-1861), the most the modernist questioning of consciousness and 'reality.' Attempting to defend
famous of the country's metrical romances. Corridos – Were widely read during twentieth century metafiction, theorists link metafictional technique to older
the Spanish period that filled the populace's need for entertainment as well as literary works. Some supporters trace self-reflexivity as far back as Miguel
edifying reading matter in their leisure moments. Set in octosyllabic quatrains. Cervantes' fifteenth century novel, DON QUIXOTE. Employing the term
Awit –it is set in dodecasyllabic quatrains like corridos, these were also widely read "metafiction" to refer to modern works that are radically self-reflexive as well as to
during the Spanish period as entertaining, edifying, reading manner in their leisure works that contain only a few lines of self-consciousness creates ambiguity. In her
time. It is also a fabrication of the writer’s imagination although the characters and review of Patricia Waugh's METAFICTION: THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF
the setting may be European. The structure is rendered dodecasyllabic quatrains. SELFCONSCIOUS FICTION (1984), Ann Jefferson argues that "the trouble is that
Waugh cannot have it both ways, and present metafiction both as an inherent
Again, the winds of change began to blow in 19th century Philippines. characteristic of narrative fiction and as a response to the contemporary social and
Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called ilustrados began to write about the cultural vision" (574). Other theorists often employ the same double definition of
downside of colonization. This, coupled with the simmering calls for reforms by the metafiction, which makes it difficult to know whether his or her definition refers
masses gathered a formidable force of writers like Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, to contemporary metafiction or to all works containing self-reflexivity. John Barth
Mariano Ponce, Emilio Jacinto and Andres Bonifacio. This led to the formation of contributes a short blanket definition of metafiction as being a "novel that imitates
the Propaganda Movement where prose works such as the political essays and a novel rather than the real world" (qtd. in Currie 161).
Rizal's two political novels, Noli Me Tangere and the El filibusterismo helped usher
in the Philippine revolution resulting in the downfall of the Spanish regime, and, at Patricia Waugh also provides a comprehensive definition by describing
the same time planted the seeds of a national consciousness among Filipinos. But metafiction as "fictional writing which self-consciously and systematically draws
if Rizal's novels are political, the novel Ninay (1885) by Pedro Paterno is largely attention to its status as an artifact in order to pose questions about the
cultural and is considered the first Filipino novel. Other Filipino writers published relationship between fiction and reality". Metafictional works, she suggests, are
the essay and short fiction in Spanish in La Vanguardia, El Debate, Renacimiento those which "explore a theory of writing fiction through the practice of writing
Filipino, and Nueva Era. The more notable essayists and fictionists were Claro M. fiction". Mark Currie highlights current metafiction's self-critical tendency by
Recto, Teodoro M. Kalaw, Epifanio de los Reyes, Vicente Sotto, Trinidad Pardo de depicting it as "a borderline discourse, a kind of writing which places itself on the
Tavera, Rafael Palma, Enrique Laygo (Caretas or Masks, 1925) and Balmori who border between fiction and criticism, which takes the border as its subject". Yet,
mastered the prosa romantica or romantic prose. he too encompasses works that are marginally metafictional by proposing that, "to
see the dramatized narrator or novelist as metanarrative devices is to interpret a
substantial proportion of fiction as meta-fiction". Despite the subtle differences
METAFICTION
between their definitions, most theorists agree that metafiction cannot be
classified as a genre nor as the definitive mode of postmodern fiction. They suggest
Although implicit in many other types of fictional works, self-reflexivity that metafiction display "a self-reflexivity prompted by the author's awareness of
often becomes the dominant subject of postmodern fiction. The narrator of a
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the theory underlying the construction of fictional works," without dividing

contemporary metafiction from older works containing similar self-reflexive
techniques (Waugh 2).
5
Spectrum of Metafictional Techniques
Further individuating the differences between metafictional characteristics

present in post-modern fiction becomes even more complicated because some
selfreflexive works also fall under more radical definitions. Some contemporary
metafiction can also be called surfiction, antifiction, fabulation, neo-baroque
fiction, post-modernist fiction, introverted narrative, irrealism, or as the
selfbegetting novel (Waugh 13).
Characteristics:
Although characteristics of metafiction vary as widely as the spectrum of
techniques used within them, a pattern of several common traits can be traced.
These techniques often appear in combination, but also can appear singularly.
Metafiction often employs intertextual references and allusions by examining Reference:
fictional systems incorporating aspects of both theory and criticism creating http://msad49bes.ss5.sharpschool.com/resources/staff_resources/non-
biographies of imaginary writers presenting and discussing fictional works of an
6
imaginary character. _fiction_text_features#:~:text=Examples%20of

%20Nonfiction%20Text%20Features,Illustrations%2C%20Glossary%2C%20and%20
Index.&text=A%20verso%20page%20is%20found%20in%20the%20beginning%20o
f%20the%20book. https://prezi.com/nmniwg6qdya9/luzon-genres-of-urban-
writing/?fallback=1 https://prezi.com/if8cbesqbwke/how-to-contribute-to-the-
development-of-localliterature/?fallback=1
https://gistwithinlinesblog.wordpress.com/2017/01/25/contributing-to-
thedevelopment-of-literature-to-the-local-community/
https://www.slideshare.net/JadedeGuzman/region-1-philippine-literature
https://catalogue.surrey.ac.uk/2020-1/module/ELIM049
https://www.slideshare.net/romilynh13/fiction-and-nonfiction-44711684
Important Reminders
• Tear this activity sheet and submit on the scheduled date along
Essay
with the other activity (ies) the instructor may have asked the Engage Scenario:
students to do on a separate paper. • Explain what folk elements make today’s popular forms widely
• If you are sending something you’ve done online such as MS presentation and appealing?
(s), pictures, pdfs and alike as an attachment, then you may send them to my • What form of literature is popular widely appealing?
email at ____________________________________________ following this
format: (SECTION_LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME_ACTIVITYNAME or send a digital copy from
your flash drive together with this activity sheet.
ACTIVITY 1:
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A photo-essay is a set or series of photographs that are made to create series of emotions
in the viewer. A photo essay will often show pictures in deep emotional stages. Photo
essays range from purely photographic works to photographs with captions or small
comments to full text essays illustrated with photographs.
MODULE 2: Photo Essay RUBRIC FOR PHOTO ESSAY

Engaging Scenario:
• Capture a photo that may use to relate in Visayas Culture.
• You may use old photos or can capture a new one.
• No words needed for this activity, only your creative shots will
describe the story about your photo.
Example and Meaning of Photo Essay

UN MINDANAO: LITERATURE OF CONFLICT
IT 2
MODULE • Appreciate the contributions of the canonical Filipino
writers to the development of the national literature
8 • Infer literary from literary language based on usage
Duration:__________
8
• WHY IT IS IMPORTANT
TO REMEMBER THE
HISTORY OF THE PAST?
Overview:
The Mindanao has its hidden literature that everybody doesn’t know. Their
literature is a diverse culture which displays the features and culture of the Muslim MINDANAO: LITERATURE OF CONFLICT
people in the Philippines. Mindanao has thirty-three ethno-linguistic groups, which
thirteen of them are Islamized; nineteen are Lumads and third and fourth are The Mindanao has its hidden literature that everybody doesn’t know. Their
Christian settlers. It was then the Americans colonize the region, and the lands of literature is a diverse culture which displays the features and culture of the Muslim
the Lumads and Muslims have been taken by the colonialist, so they had lost a people in the Philippines. Mindanao has thirty-three ethno-linguistic groups, which
large area of their ancestral lands. The land ownership comes from Muslim is thirteen of them are Islamized; nineteen are Lumads and third and fourth are
Tawhid which means “oneness” or unity. It is said that the cultural products of Christian settlers. It was then the Americans colonize the region, and the lands of
Mindanao are fast vanishing and the people themselves are not aware of this. the Lumads and Muslims have been taken by the colonialist, so they had lost a
Literary preservation and development have seemingly taken the back seat. large area of their ancestral lands. The land ownership comes from Muslim is
Maybe because people are seemingly preoccupying to the considerations such as Tawhid which means “oneness” or unit. Literature in Mindanao especially the folk
politics and economics. While this is more important, the Filipino Muslim cultural literature in cultural communities as in other Filipino groups follow the oral
communities must realize the significance of their literature in their lives in that it tradition in that folktales, myths, legends, epics, poems, riddles and proverbs are
helps preserve the richness and uniqueness of their respective cultural identities. handed down by word of mouth from generation to generation. The epic “Blue
Blood of the Big Astana”, of Ibrahim A. Jubair, is a story which there is a twist of
romance and history. It also demonstrates the severe transformation that occurred
when the Americans started to combine the colony under their governance. Both
the parents and the husband of the princess, who Jafaar refers to us DayangDayang
meaning noblewoman are dispossessed of land that has been theirs ever since Sulu
had established itself as a sultanate an autonomous state. The story reflects the
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life of the Muslims, which experienced loss of lands because the Americans and
the Government ushered a number of foreign business that includes illegal mining FILIPINO MUSLIM LITERATURE
and illegal logging which altered the regions landscape. Other than this, there are
many more literary forms from the different places in Mindanao. One of it is Filipino Muslim Literature is an inventory of diverse cultures that displays
“Prince Batugan”, from Maranao, is an epic story told in the great oral tradition of features and cultures of the Muslims in the Philippines. These distinctions
the Maranao tribe. It is a story about the great Prince Bantugan, the greatest distinguish one Muslim cultural community from another. Yet, all these
warrior of the kingdom of Bantugan. Other epics are; in Maguindanao, Indarapatra communities are unified by their Islamic faith, which has already pervaded many
at Solayman; and the Tausug, Parang Sabil hi Abdulla iban hi Isara, “The Flood aspects of their folk literature since Islam is a way of life. Regardless of cultural
Story, “THEY SAY FILIPINA IS ANOTHER NAME FOR MAID”, community, all Filipino Muslims belong to one Ummah Muslimah. Yet, it has been
“ANY WOMAN SPEAKS”,” DEAD STARS” and “Disquisition.” distinguished as Filipino Muslim Literature so as to differentiate it from other
Muslim countries that have different cultures from us. In general, the folk
It is said that the cultural products of Mindanao are fast vanishing and the literature of Muslim cultural communities in Mindanao, the Philippines, may be in
people themselves are not aware of this. Literary preservation and development prose or in verse. But the style and form of expression may vary from one Muslim
have seemingly taken the back seat. Maybe because people are seemingly cultural community to another, what with the various languages that the people
preoccupying to the considerations such as politics and economics. While this is speak. These oral literary forms may be didactic, hortatory, entertaining,
more important, the Filipino Muslim cultural communities must realize the instructive, or informative.
significance of their literature in their lives in that it helps preserve the richness
and uniqueness of their respective cultural identities. Folk literature in Mindanao Muslim cultural communities as in other
Filipino groups follow the oral tradition in that folktales, myths, legends, epics,
poems, riddles and proverbs are handed down by word of mouth from
generation to
generation.
Moreover, as is true of
folk literature of other
people, folk literature
in the Muslim cultural
communities has
a
participatory
audience. The
audience
listens, reacts,
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and retells what he or she hears to another audience, thereby ORAL LITERARY
ensuring the FORM IN MINDANAO
transmission of the folk literary material to others. Authorship is not individual; it
is collective. Apparently, what the Muslim cultural communities must build and THE FOLKTALES - A story
develop eventually is a body of written literature just like other Filipinos. of mouth. originating in popular
culture, typically passed
on by word
• The
Example of Folktales in
Mindanao:
Myth & Folklore
Vengeful Mantiyanak
from
Mindanaoan Folklore
• Biraddali, Angels
from Above | Philippine
• Tigbanua, the
Terrible Ogre | Philippine
Myth &
FolkloreTAMBANOKANO:
The Giant
Crab, Mandaya Folklore
MYTHS & LEGEND - A

traditional story, especially
one concerning the early
history of a people or
explaining some natural or
social phenomenon, and
typically involving supernatural
beings or events.
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• Tulalang Slays the Dragon (of the Ilianen Manobo of North Central
Example of Myths & Legend in Cotabato)
Mindanao: • Tuwaang Attends a Wedding (the second song of the Manuvu Ethnoepic
• Gods and Demons of the Bagobo People Tuwaang cycleUlahingan: The Visit of Lagaba’an to Nelendangan (of the
• THE BUKIDNON TRINITY: Manobos of North Cotabato)
Creation of the Universe
• Mebuyan, Mother of the Underworld: BAGOBO BELIEFS
• MINOKAWA | Mindanao’s Eater of the Sun & Moon
EPIC - a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the POEMS - a piece of writing that partakes of the nature of both speech and song that
deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation. is nearly always rhythmical, usually metaphorical, and often exhibits such formal
elements as meter, rhyme, and stanza structure.
Example of Epic in Mindanao:
• Agyu: The Ilianon
Epic of Mindanao Example of Poem in Mindanao:
(of the Manobos of North • The Land of Promise
Cotabato) • I Love Camiguin
• The Epic of Nalandangan: • THE CRAFT CAN CAPTURE IT
Matabagka Searches for the • THE NAME THEY HAVE
Deity of the Wind (of the
Talaandig people of Central
Bukidnon)
• The Guman of Dumalinao (of
the Suban-on tribe
of
Northwestern Mindanao)
• The Kingdom of Keboklagan
(of the Suban-on
RIDDLES - a question or statement intentionally phrased so as to require ingenuity
tribe of
in ascertaining its answer or meaning, typically presented as a game.
Northwestern Mindanao)
• The Maiden of the Buhong Sky (an epic of Manuvu hero,
Example of Riddles in Mindanao:
"Tuwaang")
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The people themselves are not seemingly aware that their cultural products
are fast vanishing. Literary preservation and development have seemingly taken
the back seat. At present, what seemingly preoccupy the people are mundane
considerations such as politics and economics. While these are indeed important,
the Filipino Muslim cultural communities must realize the significance of their
literature in their lives in that it helps preserve the richness and uniqueness of their
respective cultural identities. Another sad reality is the difficulty in locating literary
cultural bearers. Many are getting older each day; others have moved out of their
original cultural communities for one reason or another. Others are dead. The
earlier the indigenous peoples realize this, the better.
LITERACY ANTHOLOGIES
PROVERBS - a short pithy saying in general use, stating a general truth or piece of
advice.
Example of Proverbs in Mindanao:
Edited by Jaime An Lim, Christine F. Godinez Ortega, and Ricardo M. de

Ungria, the anthology is a new addition to the ever-evolving development of
Philippine Literature. Published by the Far Eastern University (FEU) Publications
(2018) it will be launched at the MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT)
CASSALIDA Theater in Iligan City on September 17, 2019 as part of the Iligan City’s
Fiesta Celebration, the Diyandi Festival. The book launching and the Seminar on
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the Teaching of Contemporary Mindanao Literatures is spearheaded by the third volume of Mindanao Harvest is a retelling of Mindanao tales edited singly by
Mindanao Creative Writers Group-Multi-Media Arm and hosted by the MSU-IIT Godinez Ortega and published by the MSU-IIT and the National Commission for
Department of English and the Department of Filipino & Other Languages, the Culture and Arts (NCCA) in 2014. After the Mindanao Harvest 4 book launch, the
Culture & Arts Studies Center, the Office of Publication & Information, in one-day seminar on how to teach the contemporary Mindanao literatures follows.
cooperation with Xavier University Press and the Iligan City Government Diyandi The lecturers are MSU-IIT alumnus Ralph Semino Galan, faculty and Associate
Festival. Other book launchings are scheduled in Manila during the 40th Manila Director of the University of Santo Tomas Center for Creative Writing and Literary
International Book Fair on September 12, 2019 and in Davao City in November, Studies; Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan English Department Chair, Dr. Lilia
2019. Abregana Cotejar and, XU faculty and Xavier University Press Manager, Dr. Arlene
J. Yandug. Galan will discuss his translations of Cebuano poems to English from
the book, while Yandug will give an overview of the poems in English and a brief
review of the book. Cotejar will give a teaching-demonstration of selected fiction
The anthology’s 366-page, 4th volume of the Mindanao Harvest series from the book using primarily Ateneo de Davao University’s Dr. Macario D. Tiu’s
features 63 writers, majority of them belonging to today’s generation of writers nascent theory on lumad literature. The book’s cover art design called the
from the country’s second largest island. It answers the need for resource materials “Messenger of Peace” on the other hand is by Mandaya artist and writer from
close to home, as it were, and to hopefully promote understanding among students Davao City, Danny Castillones Sillada.
of the island’s three main groups of peoples: lumad, moro and the present, 3rd and
4th generations of Christian settlers. The book’s 38 poems, 17 short stories, 14
essays and 3 plays in English, Filipino, Cebuano, and translations to Filipino or to
English of original works in Binukid, Maranao, Maguindanao and in Mandaya
showcase Mindanao’s diverse cultures and languages.
The first two volumes of Mindanao Harvest featured fiction and poetry by
Mindanao writers published in 1995 and in 1996 respectively by New Day
Publishers. These were compiled and edited by An Lim and Godinez Ortega. The
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Mindanao Harvest 4: A 21st Century Literary Anthology is the first comprehensive literary anthology on Mindanao’s
contemporary literatures featuring 63 Mindanao writers.
The FEU Publications Manager Melany Lance Caperal, the book’s References: contributors based in Central and Northern Mindanao, and the three editors, An
https://msuiit.edu.ph/news/news-detail.php?id=1204 Lim, Godinez Ortega, and de Ungria will be present during the Iligan book launch
https://grantcraft.org/content/takeaways/understanding-theto answer questions about the production of the book and on literature and on marginalization-of-indigenous-
peoples/
creative writing. https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommissionon-cultural-communities-and-traditional-arts-sccta/central-cultural-
communities/folk-literature-of-the-muslim-cultural-communities/ https://prezi.com/s5w1hd-clwyy/mindanao-literature/?fallback=1
https://www.kapitbisig.com/philippines/english-version-of-epics-mga epiko-philippine-epics_1178.html
https://www.aswangproject.com/myths/mindanao-myths-folklore/
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Important Reminders A photo-essay is a set or series of photographs that are made to create series of
• Tear this activity sheet and submit on the scheduled date along emotions in the viewer. A photo essay will often show pictures in deep emotional
stages. Photo essays range from purely photographic works to photographs with
with the other activity (ies) the instructor may have asked the
captions or small comments to full text essays illustrated with photographs.
students to do on a separate paper.
• If you are sending something you’ve done online such as MS presentation RUBRIC FOR PHOTO ESSAY
(s), pictures, pdfs and alike as an attachment, then you may send them to my
email at ____________________________________________ following this
format: (SECTION_LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME_ACTIVITYNAME or send a digital copy
from your flash drive together with this activity sheet.
ACTIVITY 1:
Photo Essay
Engaging Scenario:
• Capture a photo that may use to relate in Mindanao Culture. Narrative Report
• You may use old photos or can capture a new one.
Engaging Scenario:
• No words needed for this activity, only your creative shots
will describe the story about your photo. • Choose 1 Literary Form in Mindanao, Narrate and describe
your chosen topic.
Example and Meaning of Photo Essay • The your narrative repot must compose of 500 words,
providing your supporting idea about the literature of
Mindanao.
RUBRIC FOR NARRATIVE REPORT
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7. Provide any other information that has been agreed upon for each entry,
such as its pronunciation, part of speech, and etymology provide each
dictionary entry with examples of its use, i.e. illustrative quotations.
8. Every vocabulary word is organizing in Alphabetize and sort of 50 words
in one region.
9. Design your cover. There are many different ways that you can make a
cover, so allow your imagination to run wild. You could design one with
markers and construction paper, or you could make one on your
computer and print it out.
10. Any forms of cheating are prohibited and punishable by 3 - 5 days suspension
and invalidation of your final exam results and project grades as stipulated in the
GENERAL PROJECT INSTRUCTIONS: Senior High School Policies and Standard Operating Procedures for Students. A
committee or the subject instructor himself should investigate and deal with the
said misdemeanor accordingly.
WHAT IS THE PROJECT ABOUT?
11. Your output will be graded based on this rubric.
DO IT YOUR SELF DICTIONARY is one of the best ways for students to 5 – Excellence 4 – Good 3 – Fair or Average
understand how dictionaries work is to make one themselves. This project is 2 – Poor or Needs Improvement (s) 1 – Very Poor 0 – Not Observed
designed to get students to create a dictionary on a subject of their choice,
collecting words that are unique to that subject. In doing so they will conduct
their own original research.
1. PROJECT: DO IT YOUR SELF DICTIONARY

2. Your DIY DICTIONARY may be sort of vocabulary words in unusual area
of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.
3. Base on the discussed regions in the Philippines you have to gather a
regional vocabulary words.
4. Students will collect and record words in specific area in the Philippines.
5. Decide which words merit an entry in their dictionary.
6. write definitions for those words.
17
CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1 0
A. PLANNING TOOLS (Script and Storyboard) – 30 POINTS
1. Planning documents show evidence of extensive

research that give students a good grasp of the topic.
If students were examined on this topic, they would
pass the test.
2. The Dictionary provides an information in every
vocabulary words.
3. The Project are neat and designed based on the
student creativity
4. Each part of the words is explicitly and clearly to
understand by the readers.
5. The dictionary is described in sufficient details that if they
were given to another student, this person could
produce the word and achieve a product similar to the
one originally envisioned.
6. The documents are submitted in a professional manner.
The pages are bound together, numbered, and
organized; the names of the author(s) is clearly
indicated; the words is either typed or hand-written in
clear penmanship.
TOTAL POINTS
B. FINAL VIDEO (OUTPUT) – 70 POINTS 5 4 3 2 1 0

1. Accuracy
- All of the information provided in the dictionary is correct,
as verified by trusted sources of information (these
sources must be listed in the citations at the glossary).
2. Academic Rigor
- The authors of the dictionary show good grasp of the
information. There is evidence of depth of research and
18
readers learn a reasonable amount of new information 6. Content and Design

by reading the dictionary. The information is
challenging to peers but not incomprehensible.
- Written clearly. The design does not detract by the text
written on your paper.
3. Clarity
7. Relevant Visuals
- Information is communicated clearly and logically and is
disclosed progressively to build on the previous
- Include subheadings or tag lines to emphasize new
vocabulary or to introduce someone. Avoids distractors
foundation and provide a richer understanding. The
such as fancy transitions, tangents, and
organization of the words is coherent and flows from
overstimulation.
one part to the next into a seamless narrative.
4. Ability to Engage the Viewer TOTAL POINTS X2
- The Dictionary is interesting to read. It elicits curiosity and
a desire to know more. The video shows evidence of FINAL GRADE:
creative and original thinking in presenting the
Source: http://static.nsta.org/connections/college/201601CaseStudyFigures1-4.pdf
information.
5. Completeness
- The dictionary meets the following submission criteria
(instructors may wish to indicate the weight of each
element on the final grade): a) Submitted by the
deadline, b) Submitted in the expected format, c)
Complies with 50 words length in every regions.
(instructors may wish to list the ones required for their
assignment, such as including a vocabulary words,
interviews, citations, etc.)
19
ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS
UN WHAT IS LITERATURE?
IT 3
• Explain the text in terms of literary elements,
MODULE genre and traditions
• Appreciation of literature as art
9
DATE:
____________
• WHAT IS LITERERATURE?
• WHY WE NEED TO STUDY
LITERATURE?
DEFINITION OF LITERATURE
Literature gives the impression that there is only one kind of literature
governed by so-called timeless standards thar are universally applicable, that is
despite very high degree of contextual differences in cultures and timeframes.
Literature brings up the idea that some works deserve to be included. In a kind of
Literary Hall of Fame. This phrase is usually understood to be quite inspirational,
seeing literature as a “powerful and beautiful application of ideas to life to the
Overview: questions of: How to live.” There is no one correct or essential or natural definition
for literature. Some says “Literature is canon of great works and authors” some says
The definition of literature is no one correct or essential or natural definition. What literature is an artistic expression that emphasizes the relation between the text
we have at are several provisional definitions that emphasize certain aspects while and the artist.
deemphasizing others. We have already examined notions of literature as a canon However, this time let us look at how the question itself is put across or
of great works and authors; other definitions you may have encountered include phrased; in this case why is the singular term “literature” used rather than the plural
literature as artistic expression, literature as mirroring the real world, literature as “Literature”? Why Literature with big letter “L”? And why is the word enclosed in
a repository of moral lessons and other kinds of good teaching (in technical double quotation marks? The question is phrased this way-with the word
language: the expressive, mimetic and didactic theories of literature respectively). “Literature” in the singular, with the big L, and enclosed in quotation marks to call
As schematized in M.H. Abrams’s The Mirror and the Lamp (1953). attention to three common assumptions that lie unnoticed or unchallenged
whenever attempts are made to discuss the nature of literature by “assumptions”
20
we refer to deeply seated ideas that we have unconsciously accepted as timeless

or universal truths, but actually carry unexamined values. In fact as in the case of
drawing from western inspired assumptions for the understanding non-western THE GENRES AND THEIR ELEMENTS
text, or drawing from patriarchy inspired assumptions for understanding literature
written by women we do ourselves and our own literature a disservice when we
• LITERARINESS – “Literary” means artistic written expression as opposed to
leave these overarching assumptions unidentified and unexamined.
traditional forms like myths. epics, folktales, legends, ballads, proverbs, folk
Let us begin by looking at the assumptions behind the common use of the singular
drama which had oral cultures as their life and basis. In the formalist view,
term “literature” over the plural “literatures.” (by all means we can use the singular
literariness is the apt use of devices, techniques, and figurative language in
term for convenience’s sake, let’s just be aware of the baggage that comes with the
the careful shaping of the elements of a poem or story to communicate a
habit.) it gives the impression that there is only one kind of literature governed by
point or insight. The use of creative techniques must not feel forced or
so-called timeless standards that are universally applicable, that is, despite very
artificial; verbosity or shallow, decorative applications of figurative
high degrees of contextual differences in cultural and timeframes. “World
language do not qualify as literariness.
literature” is conventionally understood this way, as a collection of the best writings
from all over the world and doesn’t this sound as commonsensical as it gets? Yet
when we try to go beyond what appears to be commonsensical and ask probing • FICTION – Is basically prose narrative, its distinctive feature being the
questions like “What exactly are criteria for selecting the ‘best writings’?” Who sets centrality of plot action.
the criteria, and who gets to judge?” “How are differences in style, themes, and
conditions for writing accounted for?” “How come certain text and authors are ELEMENTS OF FICTION
deemed representative of people, country, or region, while others are not?” “Has 1. PLOT – Rarely the most important element of a good story. It tells what
the criteria ever adjusted, and why?” and so on, we will soon understand that often, happens and how it happens in a story.
what we have come to absorb as “universal” definitions of good literature are not SPECIAL TECHNIQUES OF PLOT
universal at all, but cherished ideas held by select (usually dominant) group/s of 1. Suspense 3. Flashback
people with context-specific views. 2. Foreshadowing 4. Surprise ending PARTS OF
PLOT
WHY STUDY LITERATURE?
• To express one’s self

• To have access culture
• To recognize human dreams and struggles
• To develop mature sensibility and compassion for the condition of all creation
• To appreciate beauty
• To shape one’s own goals and values and clarify one’s own identity
• To develop wider perspective of events
21
FACTORS IN ANALYZING CHARACTERS

1. Physical appearance of the characters 4. Relationship
2. Personality 5. Conflict
3. Motivation 6. Does the character change?
5. STYLE – The way a writer chooses words(diction), arranges them in

sentences and longer units of discourse(syntax) and exploits their
significance. Style is the verbal identity of a writer, as unmistakable as his
or her face or voice. Reflecting their individuality, writers’ styles convey
their unique ways of seeing the world.
6. SYMBOL – Is a person, object, image, word, or event that evokes a range of
additional meanings beyond and usually more abstract than its literal
- Exposition—setting the scene. significance.
- Inciting incident— something happens to begin the action. - Rising 7. THEME – The central idea or meaning of a story. --heart of the story --direct
action—the story builds and gets more exciting. or implied.
- Climax—the moment of greatest tension in a story 8. TONE – The author’s implicit attitude toward the reader, subject, and/or
- Falling action—events happen because of the climax and we know that the people, places, and events in a work as revealed by the elements of the
story will soon end. author’s style. Tone may be characterized as serious or ironic, sad, or
- Resolution—the character solves the main problem/conflict, or someone happy, or any other attitudes and feelings that human beings experience.
solves it for him/her. 9. POINT OF VIEW – Refers to who tells the story and how it is told. Third
- Denouement—the ending. Person Narrator (uses pronouns he, she, or they):
1. Omniscient—the narrator is all-knowing and takes the reader inside the
2. SETTING – The physical and social context in which the action of a story characters’ thoughts, feelings, and motives, as well as shows what the characters
occurs. The major elements of setting are the time, the place, and the social say and do.
environment that frames the characters. 2. Limited Omniscient—the narrator takes the reader inside one (or at most
3. CHARACTER – Major Character an important figure at the center of the very few characters) but neither not the character(s) has access to the inner lives
story’s action or theme. Minor characters function is partly to illuminate the of any of the other characters in the story.
major character. Static(unchanging) they remain the same from the 3. Objective—the narrator does not see into the mind of any character, rather
beginning of a work to the end Dynamic exhibit change as the story he or she reports the action and dialogue without telling the reader directly what
progresses. the characters feel and think.
4. CHARACTERIZATION – A writer reveals what a character is like and how the First Person Narrator (uses the pronoun I) – The narrator presents the point of view
character changes throughout the story. of only one character’s consciousness, which limits the narrative to what the first-
22
person narrator knows, experiences, infers, or can find out by talking to other 1. Theme—the main point or the insight to be derived from the poem
characters. 2. Speaker/persona—the fictitious character whose voice we hear in the poem 3.
MODES OF FICTION Dramatic situation—the moment (in lyric poetry) or series of events (in narrative
Romance --the ordinary laws of nature are slightly suppressed (it is like looking at poetry) that the speaker speaks in the poem.
reality through rose-tinted glass). The characters are rendered superior to the other 4. Diction—the poem’s choice of words, with each word suggestive in terms
and the environment, Stories are told in expressive, hyperbolic language. Realism - of its meaning, sound, and placement.
-claims to be the most transparent in its imaginative depiction of reality stories are 5. Figurative language/ figure of speech—comparisons or substitutions that,
told in sparse, clinical, straightforward, rational, plain, and prosaic language, aims for the sake of freshness, emphasis, or surprise, depart form the usual denotation
for verisimilitude, or the empirical and objective depiction of ordinary people living of words. In other words, non-literal use of language.
in the everyday world. FIGURE OF SPEECH
a) Simile—a stated comparison (usually formed with “like” or “as”) between
• CREATIVE NONFICTION – A hybrid genre that incorporates elements of two fundamentally dissimilar things that have certain
fiction and poetry in the retelling of a personal experience. Nobody can fully Example: “Good coffee is like friendship; rich and warm and strong.” “You know life,
remember the past, nobody can assess. To some degree, then, life is rather like opening a tin of sardines. We’re all of us looking for the key.”
fictionalization of the past; memories are constructions of past events b) Metaphor—an implied comparison between two unlike things that have
rather than objectively retrieved data from the past. It inescapably involves something important in common. Love is a lie. Life is going through time.
re- imagination and revaluation of the past based on who we are at present. You are the light of my life.
c) Metonymy—one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is
• POETRY – A “prose bewitched” (Mina Roy) --“life distilled” through words closely associated to. “between the cradle and grave” “The pen is mightier
and language (Gwendolyn Brooks) --works via suggestion, implication, and than the sword.” “I stopped at a bar and had a couple of double Scotches.
ambiguity rather than via literal, straightforward communication. Poems They did not do me any good. All they did was make me think of Silver Wig,
are primarily relished as words the building blocks of this art how their d) Synecdoche—a part is used to represent the whole (for ex. ABCs for
meticulous selection, arrangement, and calculated interplay deliver ideas, alphabet) or the whole to part (England won the World Cup in 1966.) General
feelings, perspectives, shades, flavors, and layers of meaning. Motors announced cutbacks.
e) Personification—human qualities are given to inanimate objects, animals,
GENERAL TYPES or abstract terms. The flowers nodded. Snowflakes danced. Thunder
1. Lyric Poetry— This applies to any type of poetry that expresses emotions and grumbled. Fog crept in. The wind howled.
feelings of the poet. They are usually short, simple, and easy to understand. f) Apostrophe—the speaker addresses someone who is absent, dead, does
2. Narrative poetry—deals with series of events. not/cannot respond, or is not ordinarily spoken to. “O western wind, when
3. Dramatic poetry—the speaker is an imaginary character addressing another wilt built, thou blow That the small rain down can rain?” “Blue Moon, you
imaginary character who remains silent. saw me standing alone, Without a dream in my heart, Without a love on my
own.”
ELEMENTS AND FORMS OF POETRY
23
g) Hyperbole—the use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or b. Alliteration—the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of or
heightened effect. “I was helpless. I did not know what in the world to do. inside successive words. e.g. “so smooth”, so silvery is thy voice.
I was quaking from head to foot, and could have hung my hat on my eyes, c. Assonance– the repetition of the same vowel sound at the beginning of the same
they stuck out so far.” “He snorted and hit me in the solar. sound or inside successive words e.g. Eager beaver
h) Understatement—a writer or a speaker deliberately makes a situation d. Rhyme—two or more words contain the same combination of vowel and
seem less important or serious than it is. “The grave’s a fine and private consonant sounds.
place, but none, I think, do there embrace.” “I am just going outside and 10. Rhythm—the recurrence of stresses and pauses in a poem.
may be
i) Oxymoron—combination of contradictory words or ideas “How is it • DRAMA – It is an ancient form of communal expression, and it is best enjoyed
possible to have a civil war?” “The best cure for insomnia is to get a lot of when preformed and seen by embodied audience.
sleep.” “A yawn may be defined as a silent yell.”
j) Paradox—a statement that appears to contradict itself. “The swiftest travel ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
is he goes afoot.” “If you wish to preserve your secret, wrap it up in 1. SOLILOQUY - An act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or
frankness.” regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in a play.
k) Pun—a form of word play involving two similar sounding words but with 2. MONOLOGUE - A long speech by one actor in a play or movie, or as part of
different meanings. “Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave a theatrical or broadcast program.
man.” A vulture boards on a plane, carrying two dead possums. The 3. PITY- The feeling of sorrow and compassion caused by the suffering and
attendant looks at him and says, “I’m sorry, sir, only one carrion allowed misfortunes of others.
per passenger. 4. TRAGIC FALL- Tragic flaw is a literary device that can be defined as a trait in
6. Image--word/words that appeal to any of the five senses to convey a flash a character leading to his downfall, and the character is often the hero of the
of understanding Imagery—refers to a cluster of sensory perceptions, all the images literary piece. This trait could be the lack of self-knowledge, lack of judgment, and
in a poem taken or mean something together rather than separately. often it is hubris (pride).
7. Tone -- the manner of the poem, could be the speaker’s attitude toward a 5. TRAGIC HERO – A great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy who is
subject. Tone is usually an effect of distraction and may be affectionate, hostile, destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat: Oedipus, the classic tragic hero. 6.
earnest, playful, sarcastic, respectful, serious, humorous, surprised, angry, DIALOGUE – A conversation between two or more people as a feature of a book,
nostalgic, tender, expectant, etc. play, or movie
8. Irony– saying one thing but meaning another. a. Ironic point of view b. 7. FEAR – An unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or
Verbal irony c. Situational irony. something is dangerous, likely to cause pain, or a threat.
9. Sound– patterns of consonants and vowels, that contribute greatly to the 8. ASIDE – used to indicate that one is dismissing something from
poem’s effect. consideration, or that one is shifting from one topic or tone of discussion to
a. Onomatopoeia—a word that imitates the sound it denotes e.g. “zoom”, “crash”, another. 9. SPECTACLE – An event or scene regarded in terms of its visual impact.
“bang”, “buzz” 10. TRAGIC FLAW – Tragic flaw is a literary device that can be defined as a trait in a
character leading to his downfall, and the character is often the hero of the
24
literary piece. This trait could be the lack of self-knowledge, lack of judgment, (SECTION_LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME_ACTIVITYNAME or send a digital copy from your
and often it is hubris (pride). flash drive together with this activity sheet.
11. CATHARSIS – The process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong
or repressed emotions. ACTIVITY 1:
12. PATHOS - A quality that evokes pity or sadness.
Exploring the Text
Instruction: Read the short story, written by Sandra Nicole Roldan and answer the
following questions below.
THE MAN WHO WASN’T MY FATHER by

Sandra Nicole Roldan
I - Sixth Day at Camp Crame

Late August 1990, sometime in the afternoon. Perhaps the shadows on the grass
outside have grown longer. But I am not sure. The walls here are painted the color
Reference: of ginger. A mat in the corner farthest from the door. There is nothing else in the
st
Beyond Boarders Reading Literature in 21 Century Pages (70-74) room.
https://www.slideshare.net/LyzaDugay/the-genres-and-their-elements Maybe it is the same outside. Outside. Out there, they are watching my
https://www.slideshare.net/ericsoncabrera/elements-of-drama?qid=335132c6- daughter. They know things: what she wore, where she went, how she cries when
26e5-4e14-8da6-10016e281690&v=&b=&from_search=1 no one is looking. I want to break something. But there is nothing here that isn’t
https://www.barnesandnoble.com/b/books/asian-fiction- already broken.
general/filipinofiction/_/N-29Z8q8Z11g2
https://www.slideshare.net/LyzaDugay/border-crossings-in-world-literature-today II - The Mirror
https://prezi.com/mdftm5w6bqqk/what-is-literature/ They used to hang something here. Splinters around the hole where the nail used
https://www.slideshare.net/rick143/what-is-literature-15475840 to be. The ghost of a rectangle on paint, fainter than a scar. A square of yellow light
pinned to the wall. The hours spent staring at it, willing it to move. And it does. Wall
Important Reminders heaves, nail hole yawns open. A gaping mouth, jagged teeth. Mostly, it just stays in
• Tear this activity sheet and submit on the scheduled date along with the
place. A day where nothing happens. My daughter visited yesterday. Her voice was
other activity (ies) the instructor may have asked the students to do on a the sound of glass breaking. I tried to look at her, but the water kept spilling and
separate paper. spilling from her eyes.
• If you are sending something you’ve done online such as MS presentation (s),
pictures, pdfs and alike as an attachment, then you may send them to my email at III - What Solitary Means
____________________________________________ following this format:
25
I never know when the lights will go out. Nor that it matters. All I have here is a pack __________________________________________________________________
of playing cards. I cannot see them in the dark, but I like to feel their smooth faces. __________________________________________________________________
The worn edges like velvet, like the cheeks of my daughter. When she is afraid, __________________________________________________________________
when she is asleep, she looks like her mother. In this place, it is easy to forget. This __________________________________________________________________
heart is the mole on her forehead. This spade is the birthmark on her arm. I play __________________________________________________________________
this game all night, in the dark. Drawing the same cards over and over again. I __________________________________________________________________
always win.
2. The scene drawn in this poem takes off from the scene in “The Safe house”
IV - What Was Taken Away where the father is arrested and jailed. The author, however, reconstructs
Swiss army knife, broken blade, tweezers and toothpick missing. Six hundred pesos her memories but using the father (rather than the child) as persona. And
in my wallet, grey. Elephant leather. Two ID cards, my keys to the house. Remind yet, the tells us that this is “The Man Who Wasn’t My Father.” What do
your Lobo to change all the locks. My camera. Socks with holes, white bacon briefs. these disparities suggest?
My shoes. Is today a Monday? Brown corduroy pants, blue polo shirt. A soiled blue
hanky, blood will never wash off. The pen you gave me on my birthday. Is it time to __________________________________________________________________
go? Wait. Your grandfather’s watch is twenty minutes fast. __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Answer these Questions based on “The Man Who wasn’t My Father.” __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
1. Although not written in verse, this is considered a wok poetry. The Author __________________________________________________________________
has chosen to see her father’s solitary confinement in poetic terms. Cites __________________________________________________________________
lines from the poem that make use of figurative language to convey the __________________________________________________________________
depth of experience of being confined in jail. __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ ACTIVITY 2:
26
Poem Writing _________________________________________________________
Instruction: Write a poem about the following, you may pick one topic for your
MODULE 1: Assessment:
poem. INSTRUCTION: Fill in the blanks. Choose the answer in the box below.
TOPIC
• APPRECIATION OF LITERATURE AS ART
• WHY WE NEED TO STUDY LITERATURE?
TRAGIC HERO SPECTACLE PATHOS FEAR
ASIDE TRAGIC FALL MONOLOGUE CATHARSIS

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________ SOLILOQUY PITY TRAGIC FLAW DIALOGUE
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________ 1. In drama, there is usually no narrator; the audience is invited to infer
meaning from the characters’ actions, words, and the props on stage and
_________________________________________________________ other sensorial embellishments (costumes, lighting, music and sound
_________________________________________________________ effects) that make ups the play’s __________________________.
_________________________________________________________ 2. Spoken words onstage may be classified onto four: when a single character
_________________________________________________________ delivers a long speech, it is called a ________________.
_________________________________________________________
3. When that long speech is delivered as though the character is speaking into
_________________________________________________________ himself/herself alone on the stage, it is called a __________________.
_________________________________________________________
4. When a character speaks to one to another, the exchange of words is called
_________________________________________________________ __________________.
_________________________________________________________ 5. When a character steps out of the scene for a while to confidentially
_________________________________________________________ address the audience, perhaps to comment about the scene or another
_________________________________________________________ character, it is called an ______________________.
6. Plays are largely classified into two according to the purpose: tragedy and
_________________________________________________________ comedy (with tragicomedy as a combination). The purpose of tragedy is to
_________________________________________________________ elicit two emotions from the audience, _____________
27
7. And _______________ to produce UN WHAT IS WORLD LITERATURE?

IT 3
8. _____________________ or emotional release in the audience.
9. To attain the purpose of tragedy, the protagonist called a
________________ must be highly relatable to the audience in that he/she, MODULE At the end of this module, you are expected to:
10. like a typical human being, possesses a noble character yet afflicted with • Identify representative texts and authors from Asia, North
weakness called a __________________. 10 America, Europe, Latin America, and Africa.
Duration: • Appreciate the cultural and aesthetic diversity of literature
11. This weakness, minor in comparison to the hugeness of the character’s of world
_________
noble traits, nevertheless causes his/her downfall. The result is called
_________________, or an overdetermined series of events that have
snowballed into inevitable, and to some degree undeserved.
12. Tragedy, however, is the only truly attained when the protagonist realizes
his or her flaw. Otherwise, what is attained is simply _____________ or
mere sentimentality.
13. __________________It is used to indicate that one is dismissing something
from consideration, or that one is shifting from one topic or tone of • WHAT IS WORLD
discussion to another. LITERATURE?
14. ___________ The feeling of sorrow and compassion caused by the suffering
and misfortunes of others.
15. ___________________A conversation between two or more people as a

feature of a book, play, or movie.
Overview:
What exactly do we mean by “world literature”? It carries with it two possible
meaning. First, it may refer to the vast literary production across the world: second,
it might only contain what is deemed “the best” of what the world’s literature can
offer. In reality. World literature subscribes to both definitions and so one can
imagine the internal contradiction of the phase “ world literature” it is inclusive of
all literary works produced across time and space and yet the phase is also rigid in
selecting what works can be deemed truly representative of the literature of the
world.
28
LITERATURE, HISTORY AND CULTURE

The relationship is reciprocal. Our culture affects what we write and what we write
is used to interpret our history. However, our history influences culture, which
creates a beautiful loop in which these three things work together to define a
group of people, a nation, etc. - ANONYMOUS “
The phrase “World Literature”

comes from the German scholar
and poet Johann Wolfgang von
Goethe’s phrase Weltliteratur. In
1872, Goethe (GUEH-teh) to his
disciple Johann Peter Eckermann
that national literature is no longer
of importance. It is time for world
literature. In his use of this phrase,
Goethe envisioned literature that is
truly global in scope but deeply
rooted in the Indo-European
WHAT IS WORLD LITERATURE? classics especially those of Ancient
Greece.
It refers to any “written work”. It is derived from ‘literatura ‘which means writing
formed with letters. It is the mirror of the society which reflects societal norms,
culture, tradition, experiences etc. Literature goes along with society. World
Literature is in global context. It suggests to the sum of total world’s national
literature and the circulation of work into the wider world beyond country’s origin.
What is World Literature? It refers to literature from all over the world. World
Literature contains a diverse collection of artistic works. It is a language in "motion."
It evolves & changes other literature. World literature links its readers to the ideas
& spirit of the world, World literature connects ages & cultures. It acts as
counterbalance to reason & logic. It has intrinsic value; it makes us feel good to
read, World lit is teacher of virtue it has a connection to virtue & moral excellence,
and it has a relation to ethics.
29
INTRODUCTION TO WORLD LITERATURE PERIODS • Elegy

EARLY PERIOD OF LITERATURE THE • Religious Liturgy
CLASSICAL PERIOD (1200 BCE – 455 • Narrative Romance
CE) - A Golden Age for literature and
arts. Some literary work in this period: THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1485-1660 CE
* The Iliad and the Odyssey by Homer - It is considered to
* Works and days by Hesiod be the division
* Theogony by Hesiod between the middle
Greek writer and philosopher during this age and Modern Era.
period: • Georgias Some Sifnificant
• Aesop Literary work in this
• Plato period:
• Socrates • Romeo and Juliet
• Aristotle • When I was Fair and
• Euripides Young
THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD (455 CE – 1485 CE) • Utopia
- Also known as Anglo- • The Faerie Queen
Saxon Period. Famous Authors during this period:
Some Significant Literary work in • William Shakespeare
this Period: • Sir Thomas More
• The Canterbury Tales • Queen Elizabeth I
• Beowulf • Edmund Spencer
• The Dark Ages and Bards
• The Dreams of he Holy LATER PERIOD OF LITERATURE
Rood THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD (1660 BCE-1790)
Famous Authors during this period:
• Geoffrey Chaucer
• Thomas Aquinas
• Martin Luther
• Caedmon
Significant Literary Genres:
30
- Referred to as The Age of - The great age for the Novel, and
Reason. An Era of Logic. emphasize on emotion, Imagination
Significant Literary work in and individualism. Significant literary
this Period: • All for Love work in this period:
• The Rake of the Lock • I wondered lonely as a Cloud
• Right of Man • Kubla Khan
• Elegy written in a • Song of Innocence and of
Churchyard experience • Mathilda
Famous Author During this Famous Authors in this period:

Period: • William Wordsworth
• John Dryden • Samuel Taylor Coleridge
• Alexander Pope • William Blake
• Thomas Paine • Mary Shelley
• Thomas Gray
THE VITORIAN PERIOD (1832 –
1901)
- The reign of Queen Victoria. The
Popular types of literature in this period: literature of this Era expressed the fusion
• Essay of pure romance to gross realism.
• Melodrama Literary works in this period:
• Letters • The Pickwick papers
• Fables • How do I love Thee
• Ulysses
THE ROMANTIC PERIOD (1790 – 1830) Famous Authors:

• Charles Dicken
• Elizabeth Browning
• Alfred Lord Tennison
31
THE MODERN PERIOD (1914 – 1945) • Samuel Beckett

Characterized by a
selfconscious break of writing,
in both poetry and prose
fiction. Some Significant
Literary work in this period:
• The Road not Taken
• And Death shall Have no
• Dominion
• Insensibility Famous
Authors during this period:
• Robert Frost
• Dylan Thomas
• Wilfred Owen
THE POSTMODERN PERIOD

(1945 ONWARD ASIAN LITERATURE
- Characterized by reliance It refers to the study of the literature of the people in:
on narrative techniques such 1. China 3. Japan
as fragmentation, paradox, 2. India 4. Other small nations surround them
and the unreliable narrator.
Some Significant Literary
work in this period:
• Infinite Jest
• The Love song of J. Alfred
Prufrock
• Waiting for Godot
Famous Authors during this Chinese civilization is the oldest civilizations in the world that dates back to
period: the Shang Dynasty in 1765 B.C. It is known as “The Red Dragon”. The Chou Dynasty
that followed the Shang Dynasty of great intellectual activity and was in this period
• David Foster Wallance
when the philosophies of the Confucianism, Taoism and legalism originated. It is
• T.S Eliot
the longest dynasty in Chinese history which lasted from 1122 B.C. To 256 B.C.
32
The Han Dynasty which succeeded after the collapse of the Chou
strengthened the unity within the bureaucracy, but Confucianism was substituted
for Legalism.
THE FIVE CLASSICS
1. THE BOOK OF CHANGES

2. THE BOOK OF HISTORY Po – Chu – I (722 – 846) was a well-known
3. THE BOOK OF RITES Chinese poet who represented the classical
4. THE BOOK OF ODES tradition in Chinese literature, politics and
5. THE SPRING AND AUTUMN morality.
ANNALS THE FIVE CLASSICS
Perhaps the greatest philosopher of the

world has known. One of the truly great
men that China has produced. The word
Confucius is the westernized form of his
name, which is Kung Fu-tze, Kung being
his proper name, Fu signifying revered,
and tze signifying teacher.
-Confucius
Li Po (701 – 761), or Li tai Po, was one of

the leading Chinese poets of the eighth
century. His writings deal with the good
things of life and with the pathos of
human destiny. With a striking vividness
they treat of love, friendship, wine, India is the vast land in Southern Asia, extending from the Himalayan
nature, and simple village living. Mountains south to the tip of a great peninsula that reaches from out into the
33
Indian Ocean. It is known as “Land of prayer”. The first characteristic we notice 1. Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters)
about Indian literature is that it is based on piety, a deeply religious spirit. 2. Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan)
Dravidians- earliest people in India dating back to 3000 – 2500 B.C. Towards
2000 B.C. Sanskrit- literature of India. The word “sanskrit” means cultivated or favorite form of amusement. Three Types of Japanese Drama:
perfected. Vedas – the bible of the Indians. Ramayana and Mahabharata are the 1. Noh play 3. Kabuki play
most important epics of India. Ramayana is about the reincarnation of the creator 2. 2. Joruri or puppet play
god Vishnu in the person of Rama, who is the hero of the epic. Mahabharata deals CONSIDERATIONS WHEN READING A LITERARY WORK When
with the other reincarnation of Vishnu in the person of Krishna. It is considered as reading a literary work from a different country o region, you may need to read
the greatest epic of India. The Indians believe in reincarnation. The reincarnation of “around the text” by considering the following context, whatever applies:
Vishnu is called Avatars, descending from the god. 1. CULTURE
2. THOUGHT
ROOTS OF INDIAN LITERATURE 3. POLITICS/GOVERNMENT
1. Rig-Veda – made up of hymns in praise of the gods. The hymns are 4. SOCIAL STRUCTURE
strong, energetic religions expressions comparable to the Old 5. GENDER
Testament Psalms. 6. ROLES
7. TRADITIONS AND CUTOMS/ETIQUETTE
2. Upanishads- consists of a group of sketches, illustrations, explanations
8. HISTORY
and critical comments on the religious thoughts suggested by the
9. ECONOMY
poetic hymns of Rig-Veda.
10. PHILOSOPHY
11. RELIGION
12. ART
13. POPULAR CULTURE
14. EDUCATION SYSTEM
15. MYTHS
16. FOLKLORE
17. FAMILTY STRUCTURE
18. VALUES
It is one of the major Oriental Literatures. Katakana – basic alphabet in

Japan which consists 47 characters. Earliest Japanese Literary works:
34
Reference: Yellow skin is black in sun.

st
Beyond Boarders Reading Literature in 21 Century Pages (94-96) Who said colors are God-given?
https://www.slideshare.net/SleepingBeautyLulu/world-literature-a-
briefintroduction Medium-sized t-shirt he has aplenty. Elated,
https://www.slideshare.net/kazumaki/asian-literature in countries foreign, we do not forget At
https://www.slideshare.net/kenzieancheta819/world-literature-overview-
home he is suppressing his worried lips.
ofliterature-through-the-ages
He wants nothing from is, but
Important Reminders We like the idea of giving. And so, he is
• Tear this activity sheet and submit on the scheduled date along with the Wearing t-shirt from London, Thailand,
other activity (ies) the instructor may have asked the students to do on a Auckland, Japan, Finland, India,
separate paper.
Malaysia, Poland, Korea….
pictures, pdfs and alike as an attachment, then you may send them to my email at ‘Where are you from, father? We are teasers.
____________________________________________ following this format: Names of places bold
(SECTION_LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME_ACTIVITYNAME or send a digital copy from your
flash drive together with this activity sheet. In English on his chest. He does not know.
‘China,’ He answers. WE laugh.
ACTIVITY 1: We laugh. Bad daughters.
Medium-sized t-shirt on top of Large
Collage Sized ones in his drawers,
Instruction: Create a collage inspired by the poem “His T-Shirt” by Tammy Ho He once stood huge in front of a snack bar,
LaiMing. Having read the poem carefully, your task is to make a collage that best Buying us coca-colas, and we cheered.
translates the theme of the poem into another artistic work. Provide a title to
your artwork. (BOND PAPER) ACTIVITY 1:
HIS T-SHIRTS Essay

By Tammy Ho Lai-Ming Medium-sized
Instruction: Describe the following in essay form.
t-shirt on his dark body. He is totally
Chinese more so than me. • WHAT IS WORLD LITERATURE?
But in period when he is building bridges, __________________________________________________________________
fixing windowpanes or drilling roads, I
think he is from Africa.
35
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________. __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
• INDIAN LITERATURE
__________________________________________________________________ • LITERATURE, HISTORY AND CULTURE
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________. __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
• LITERATURE IN RENAISSANCE PERIOD
• POPULAR TYPES OF LITERATURE IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT
36
PERIOD 10. ________________________________

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ 11-14. FAMOUS AUTHORS IN GOLDEN ERA
__________________________________________________________________ 11. ________________________________ 12.
__________________________________________________________________ ________________________________ 13.
__________________________________________________________________ ________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ 14. ________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ 15. EARLIEST PEOPLE IN INDIA
__________________________________________________________________ 15. ________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ 16-18. THREE TYPES OF JAPANESE DRAMA
__________________________________________________________________ 16. ________________________________ 17.
__________________________________________________________________ ________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ 18. ________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ 19-20. ROOTS OF INDIAN LITERATURE
___________________________________________________________.
19. ________________________________
20. ________________________________
MODULE 1: Assessment: 21-24. FAMOUS AUTHORS IN THIS PERIOD
A. ENUMERATION
INSTRUCTION: Enumerate the following statement below. 21. ________________________________ 22.
1-5. FIVE CLASSICS ________________________________ 23.
________________________________
1. _______________________________ 2.
_______________________________ 3. 24. ________________________________
_______________________________ 4. 25-42. CONSIDERATIONS WHEN READING A LITERARY WORK
_______________________________ 25. ________________________________ 26.
5. _______________________________ ________________________________ 27.
6-9. LITERARY WORK IN THIS MEDIEVAL PERIOD ________________________________ 28.
6. _______________________________ ________________________________ 29.
7. _______________________________ 8. ________________________________ 30.
_______________________________ ________________________________ 31.
9. _______________________________ ________________________________ 32.
10. THE GREATEST PHILOSOPHER OF THE WORLD ________________________________ 33.
37
________________________________ 34. global North. Although contemporary European and American fictionists have
________________________________ 35. turned to experimental, new, or alternative forms or modes as sociated with
________________________________ 36. postmodernism (e.g., metafiction), realism is able to maintain its solid footing well
________________________________ 37. into the 21st century. “Realism,” like “representation,” has become over time so
________________________________ 38. much a part of our general vocabulary that both have required commonsensical
________________________________ 39. meanings.
________________________________ 40.
________________________________ 41.
________________________________ 42.
________________________________
43-45. THREE GREAT ASIAN LITERATURE
43. ___________________, 44. _______________,

UN 45.___________________
IT 3 LITERATURE OF THE GLOBAL NORTH
MODULE •
Appreciate the cultural aesthetic diversity of literature of
11 • Make reaction paper on film/s viewed
Duration:
_________
the world.
Overview:
In this lesson, • WHAT IS THE
we will cover recent POSTMODERN
developments in CONDITION?
European and
AngloAmerican
Fiction as specimen of
Literary work from the
38
LITERATURE OF THE GLOBAL NORTH

The concept of globalization is one of the most discussed subjects, not only in art
but in political, economic and academic debates, and refers to the worldwide
diffusion of practices, expansion of relations across continents, organization of
social life on a global scale, and grown of a shared global consciousness.
Globalization is not just expansion of capitalism and opening of financial markets
round the world. The economical part of globalization is surely important and
perhaps the easiest to notice, but…globalization is most of all transformation of
time and space in our lives. See Giddens, Anthony. The Third Way - The Renewal of
Social Democracy Cornwall: Polity Press, 1998.
Globalization New Communication Technologies Higher speed of

information Greater distribution of information Multinational Corporations
Increased International Trade Increased flows of money across national borders.
(Increased ease of travel!). Globalization - A contradictory and uneven process -
Pulls away from local communities and nation-states - Pushes down on those same
communities and nation-states - Local communities' beliefs and cultural values may
be globalized and universalized - Individuals and groups may experience this
universalization as a 'dilution' and 'corruption' of their cultural beliefs - Resistance
to this process, sometimes with violence, rise of fundamentalism, nationalism and
39
terrorism could be seen as a response to this. “Exhibitions delimited by nationality, reform organizations. This genre gave birth to “gospel music” Blues and jazz
continents and other geographical demarcations have been subject to vigorous transmitted across American via radio and phonographs.
critique over the last few years, for many of the right reasons. In a cosmopolitan The Moderns (1900-1950)
art world, in which artists travel to make work and take part in exhibitions, the fact Authors: F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, T.S Eliot, Karel Capek
an artist is British, Brazilian or Chinese is of diminishing significance. To compare Masterpieces: The Great Gatsby; Poetry of Jeffers, Williams, Cummings,
artists from the perspective of their geographical origins is often to emphasize the Frost, Eliot, Sandburg, Pound, Robinson, Stevens
most superficial aspects of their practice. The approach is fraught with the perils Most of the masterpieces are novels, plays, poetry, and use of interior
of seductiveness and stereotyping.” (FARQUHARSON, ALEX and Andreas monologue and stream of consciousness.
Schleicher, British Art Show 6, 2005, P12). “ With Globalization people become Realism (1855-1900)
move able – physically, legally, linguistically, culturally and psychologically – to Authors: Gustave Flaubert, George Eliot, Mark Twain
engage with each other wherever on planet earth they are” (Scholte, p. 59) “ Masterpieces: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Instead of the monochrome fixation on nationality that reigned in the mid-
twentieth century, identities in today’s more global world have tended to adopt a
more plural and hybrid character” (Ibid, p. 225) “ Globalization has tended to
generate hybridity, where persons have complex multifaceted identities and face
challenges of negotiating a blend of sometimes conflicting modes of being and
belonging within the same self.” (Ibid, p. 226).
ANGLO-AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN LITERATURE

Topics dealing with the complex absurdity of contemporary life - moral and
philosophical relativism, loss of faith in political and moral authority, alienation.
Employing black humor, parody, grotesque, absurdity, and travesty. Erasing
boundaries between "low" and "high" culture
Lack of a grand narrative. Realism portrays faithful representation of life concentrating on

Harlem Renaissance middleclass life and preoccupations, scenes of humble life, criticism of social
(Parallel to modernism) (1920’s) conditions, characters are in center of interest as opposed to a plot, subjects
Author: Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston portrayed with simplicity and respect but little elaboration, honest, matter-of-fact
Masterpieces: Poetry, short stories and novels of Hurston and Hughes style and objects or figures are represented impartially and objectively.
Harlem Renaissance is the defining moment in African American literature because American Renaissance/Transcendentalism
of an unprecedented outburst of creative activity among black writers. It is unusual (1840-1860)
among literary and artistic movements for its close relationship to civil rights and Author: Nathaniel Hawthorne
The genre or the style of masterpieces are poetry, short stories, and novels.
40
Romanticism (1800-1860) Collection of techniques often experimental often challenging often attempts to
The Scarlet Letter is an 1850 romantic work of fiction in a historical setting, reproduce the inner workings of the mind none of which are new
written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is considered to be his magnum opus. Postmodernism Does not” follow on” from modernism does come after
Authors: Walt Whitman, Washington Irving modernism not a literary style, more of a modern philosophy applies the same
Masterpieces: Rip Van Winkle and Poems of Walt Whitman techniques. Has a different outlook generally less pessimistic black humor return
to satire?
Post modernism – same techniques? Point of view – modernism withdrew;
postmodern writers often re-enter Satire Intertextuality Symbolic Representation
Discontinuity – increased non-linearity Stream of consciousness less common
Pastiche
Reference:
https://prezi.com/-jnfbggt48jo/global-divides-the-north-and-the-south/
http://www.redwedgemagazine.com/online-issue/realism-modernism-lukcs
https://www.slideshare.net/DeborahJ/introduction-to-postmodernism-
REALISM, MODERNISM AND POSTMODERNISM anintroduction-globalisation
The most notable feature of the poetry of the time is the new role of https://prezi.com/gt0refopnxlt/anglo-american-literature/
individual thought and personal feeling. Renders reality closely and in https://www.slideshare.net/GavinMalavolta/modernism-post-modernism-
comprehensive detail. Selective presentation of reality. Character is more inliterature
important than action and plot. Characters appear in their real complexity of https://www.slideshare.net/debgoodlett/realism-67301308
temperament and motive; they are in explicable relation to nature, to each other, https://prezi.com/7jz2kzaerzxs/realism-in-
to their social class, to their own past. Class is important; novels usually portrayed literature/
the middle or lower class. Realistic novels avoid the sensational, dramatic elements
of naturalistic novels and romances. Events that occur in the story are predictable
Important Reminders
because of the lack of over dramatization and fantasy. • Tear this activity sheet and submit on the scheduled date along with the
other activity (ies) the instructor may have asked the students to do on a
separate paper.
Modernism Often questions that which has gone before It also questions
the future It offers a critique of “modern” culture It puts into question the results
pictures, pdfs and alike as an attachment, then you may send them to my email at
of western achievements. Often pessimistic in tone psychological themes. A ____________________________________________ following this format:
41
(SECTION_LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME_ACTIVITYNAME or send a digital copy from your

flash drive together with this activity sheet.
ACTIVITY 1:
Exploring Context
Instruction: Read the Milan Kundera’s story
(http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/the-apologizer) “The
Apologizer” and answer the following questions based on the story. (Short Bond
Paper)
1. In the story recalls that the eroticism or the seductive power of the female
body has a history: before the navel, there were the thighs, the buttocks,
and the breast. How are these objects symbols that have represented the
female in our culture?
2. Why does Kumbera’s invent a back story about his mother? Why does the
mother call it a “Fairy tale” despite its gruesome plot? MODULE 11: Assessment:
3. How does “Eve’s Tree,” the second part of the fairy tale, provide a rationale B. ENUMERATION
for the mother’s actions? Does Eve’s story make the mother a more
sympathetic character? I. INSTRUCTION: Read Ian McEwan’s Atonement (2001) and write a paper that
examines the following concerns:
4. What is your general observation about life or worldview does Ailan draw
from this story? 1. To what extent is the novel realistic? Which chapters are postmodern?
5. What different sentiment about the navel as an erotic object does the 2. What dynamic between realist and postmodern representations can we infer
retelling explain the relationship and/or inequality between sexes? from the novel?
COMPARE AND CONTRAST. INSTRUCTION: Infer the difference and
42
19. Every vocabulary word is organizing in Alphabetize and sort of 50 words in

one region.
20. Design your cover. There are many different ways that you can make a
cover, so allow your imagination to run wild. You could design one with
AUTHOR 1 AUTHOR 2 markers and construction paper, or you could make one on your computer
and print it out.
21. Any forms of cheating are prohibited and punishable by 3 - 5 days suspension and
invalidation of your final exam results and project grades as stipulated in the Senior
High School Policies and Standard Operating Procedures for Students. A committee
GENERAL PROJECT INSTRUCTIONS: or the subject instructor himself should investigate and deal with the said
misdemeanor accordingly.
WHAT IS THE PROJECT ABOUT? 22. Your output will be graded based on this rubric.
5 – Excellence 4 – Good 3 – Fair or Average
DO IT YOUR SELF DICTIONARY is one of the best ways for students to 2 – Poor or Needs Improvement (s) 1 – Very Poor 0 – Not Observed
understand how dictionaries work is to make one themselves. This project is
designed to get students to create a dictionary on a subject of their choice,
collecting words that are unique to that subject. In doing so they will conduct their
own original research.
12. PROJECT: DO IT YOUR SELF DICTIONARY

13. Your DIY DICTIONARY may be sort of vocabulary words in unusual area of
Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.
14. Base on the discussed regions in the Philippines you have to gather a
regional vocabulary words.
15. Students will collect and record words in specific area in the Philippines.
16. Decide which words merit an entry in their dictionary.
17. write definitions for those words.
18. Provide any other information that has been agreed upon for each entry,
such as its pronunciation, part of speech, and etymology provide each
dictionary entry with examples of its use, i.e. illustrative quotations.
43
CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1 0
C. PLANNING TOOLS (Script and Storyboard) – 30 POINTS
7. Planning documents show evidence of extensive

research that give students a good grasp of the topic.
If students were examined on this topic, they would
pass the test.
8. The Dictionary provides an information in every
vocabulary words.
9. The Project are neat and designed based on the
student creativity
10. Each part of the words is explicitly and clearly to
understand by the readers.
11. The dictionary is described in sufficient details that if
they were given to another student, this person could
produce the word and achieve a product similar to the
one originally envisioned.
12. The documents are submitted in a professional manner.
The pages are bound together, numbered, and
organized; the names of the author(s) is clearly
indicated; the words is either typed or hand-written in
clear penmanship.
TOTAL POINTS
D. FINAL VIDEO (OUTPUT) – 70 POINTS 5 4 3 2 1 0

8. Accuracy
- All of the information provided in the dictionary is correct,
as verified by trusted sources of information (these
sources must be listed in the citations at the glossary).
9. Academic Rigor
- The authors of the dictionary show good grasp of the
information. There is evidence of depth of research and
44
readers learn a reasonable amount of new information

by reading the dictionary. The information is
challenging to peers but not incomprehensible.
10. Clarity
- Information is communicated clearly and logically and is
disclosed progressively to build on the previous
foundation and provide a richer understanding. The
organization of the words is coherent and flows from
one part to the next into a seamless narrative.
11. Ability to Engage the Viewer
- The Dictionary is interesting to read. It elicits curiosity and
a desire to know more. The video shows evidence of
creative and original thinking in presenting the
information.
12. Completeness
- The dictionary meets the following submission criteria
(instructors may wish to indicate the weight of each
element on the final grade): a) Submitted by the
deadline, b) Submitted in the expected format, c)
Complies with 50 words length in every regions.
(instructors may wish to list the ones required for their
assignment, such as including a vocabulary words,
interviews, citations, etc.)
13. Content and Design - Written clearly. The design
does not detract by the text written on your paper.
14. Relevant Visuals

- Include subheadings or tag lines to emphasize new
vocabulary or to introduce someone. Avoids distractors
such as fancy transitions, tangents, and
overstimulation.
TOTAL POINTS X2
45
FINAL GRADE:
SUGGESTED COMPUTATIONS:
PLANNING TOOLS: 24 / 30, let’s assume the student(s) got 4 points for each criterion.
FINAL VIDEO OUTPUT: 28 x 2 = 56 / 70, let’s assume the student(s) got 4 points for each criterion.
TOTAL SCORE: 24 + 56 = 80 / 100
(80 / 100 * 50) + 50
= 90, this should reflect on the final grade.
Source: http://static.nsta.org/connections/college/201601CaseStudyFigures1-4.pdf
46
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ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES (AICS)

MODULE 9: WHAT IS LITERATURE?

UN VISAYAS: HYBRID MODES IN LOCAL COLOR

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

WHAT FOLK ELEMENTS MAKE

VISAYAS: HYBRID MODES IN LOCAL COLOR

the theory underlying the construction of fictional works," without dividing

Spectrum of Metafictional Techniques

Further individuating the differences between metafictional characteristics

imaginary character. _fiction_text_features#:~:text=Examples%20of

MODULE 2: Photo Essay RUBRIC FOR PHOTO ESSAY

Example and Meaning of Photo Essay

MYTHS & LEGEND - A

Example of Proverbs in Mindanao:

Edited by Jaime An Lim, Christine F. Godinez Ortega, and Ricardo M. de

RUBRIC FOR NARRATIVE REPORT

1. PROJECT: DO IT YOUR SELF DICTIONARY

1. Planning documents show evidence of extensive

B. FINAL VIDEO (OUTPUT) – 70 POINTS 5 4 3 2 1 0

readers learn a reasonable amount of new information 6. Content and Design

we refer to deeply seated ideas that we have unconsciously accepted as timeless

• To express one’s self

FACTORS IN ANALYZING CHARACTERS

5. STYLE – The way a writer chooses words(diction), arranges them in

THE MAN WHO WASN’T MY FATHER by

I - Sixth Day at Camp Crame

Poem Writing _________________________________________________________

ASIDE TRAGIC FALL MONOLOGUE CATHARSIS

7. And _______________ to produce UN WHAT IS WORLD LITERATURE?

15. ___________________A conversation between two or more people as a

LITERATURE, HISTORY AND CULTURE

The phrase “World Literature”

INTRODUCTION TO WORLD LITERATURE PERIODS • Elegy

Significant Literary Genres:

Famous Author During this Famous Authors in this period:

THE ROMANTIC PERIOD (1790 – 1830) Famous Authors:

THE MODERN PERIOD (1914 – 1945) • Samuel Beckett

THE POSTMODERN PERIOD

1. THE BOOK OF CHANGES

Perhaps the greatest philosopher of the

Li Po (701 – 761), or Li tai Po, was one of

It is one of the major Oriental Literatures. Katakana – basic alphabet in

Reference: Yellow skin is black in sun.

HIS T-SHIRTS Essay

PERIOD 10. ________________________________

43-45. THREE GREAT ASIAN LITERATURE

43. ___________________, 44. _______________,

LITERATURE OF THE GLOBAL NORTH

Globalization New Communication Technologies Higher speed of

ANGLO-AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN LITERATURE

Lack of a grand narrative. Realism portrays faithful representation of life concentrating on

(SECTION_LASTNAME_FIRSTNAME_ACTIVITYNAME or send a digital copy from your

19. Every vocabulary word is organizing in Alphabetize and sort of 50 words in

12. PROJECT: DO IT YOUR SELF DICTIONARY

7. Planning documents show evidence of extensive

D. FINAL VIDEO (OUTPUT) – 70 POINTS 5 4 3 2 1 0

readers learn a reasonable amount of new information

14. Relevant Visuals

= 90, this should reflect on the final grade.

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43. _____, 44. _,